李秀敏语法讲解主谓一致

1、语法讲解：主谓一致在英语句子里， 谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； 主语为复数时， 谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father is working on the farm. / Tostudy English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us

2、all. / The children were inthe classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.注意：由what 引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或 what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：WhatI bought were three English books. / What I say and do is（ are） helpful to you.2. 由连接词 and 或 both and 连接起来的合成主语后面， 要用

3、复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised whenthey heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.注意：（ 1）若 and 所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 如：The writer and artist has come. （ 2）由 and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each， every more than a （

4、an） ， many a （ an）修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher was in the room. / No boy and no girl likes it.3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with ， together with ， except， but， like ，as well as， rather than， more than， no less than， besides， including 等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。 如：Mr. Green， toget

5、her with his wife and children ， has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She ， like you and Tom， is very tall.4. either ， neither， each， every 或 no +单数名词和由some， any， no， every 构成的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us ismatter.注意：（ 1）在口语中当eith

6、er 或 neither 后跟有“ of+ 复数名词（或代词） ”作主语时，其谓语动词也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts is（ are） interesting. （2）若 none of 后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None of us has （ have） been to America.5. 在定语从句时，关系代词 that， who， which 等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 如：He is one of my friends who are working h

7、ard. / He is the only one of myfriends who is working hard.6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。 这些词有 family ， class， crowd， committee ， population ， audience 等。如： Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.注意： people， police ， cattle 等名词一般都用作复数。 如：

8、The police are looking for the lost child.7. 由“ a lot of ， lots of ， plenty of ， the rest of， the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数 +名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如：There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. /50% of the students in our class are girls.注意：

9、a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There comes the bus. / On thewall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.二、逻辑意义一致原则逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致（因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数）。1. what， who， which ， any， more ， all 等代词

10、可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。如：Which is your bag ？ / Which are your bags ？ / All is going well. / All havegone to Beijing.2. 表示“时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个整体，如：Thirty minutes is enough for the work.3. 若英语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： “ The Arabian Nights ” is an interest

11、ing story-book.4. 表数量的短语 “ one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时， 其谓语动词可用单数形式 （也可用复数。如： One and a half apples is （ are） left on the table.5. 算式中表示数目 （字）的主语通常作单数看待， 其谓语动词采用单数形式。 如：Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以ics结尾，如：mathematics， politics，physics以及news， works等，都属于

12、形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如： The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn t easy to study.7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes， 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有 a （ the） pair of 等量词修饰时， 谓语动词用单数。 如：My glasses are broken. / The pairof shoes under the bed is his.8. “定冠词 the + 形容词或分词” ，表示

13、某一类人时，动词用复数。三、就近一致原则在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。1. 当两个主语由either or，neither nor，whether or ，notonly but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。如：Either the teacher or the studentsare our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right？2. there be 句型 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and 连接

14、的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。如：There are two chairs and a desk in the room.注意： Here 引导的句子用法同上。主谓一致练习题1.The old _well looked after by the government in China.A. isB. areC. has beenD. was2.The secretary and manager _very busy now.A. isB. areC. wasD. were3.Both the secretary and the manager _agreed to attend t

15、he meeting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. was4.Tom as well as two of his classmates _invited to the party.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. had been5. Either you or I _going to the teachers office. after classA. amB. isC. areD. will6.Most of his spare time _spent in reading.A. areB. wereC. wasD. have been7.This is

16、 one of the best novels that _appeared this year.A.have been B. hasC. had beenD. have8.Ten thousand dollars _quite a large sum.A.areB. isC. wereD. have9.About 20 percent of the work _done yesterday.A. areB. isC. wereD. was10. Mr Smith ， together with his children ， _arrived.A.areB. hasC. isD. have11

17、.It _I who _leaving for London.A.is is B. am isC. is amD. am am12.Not only Tom but also his wife _fond of watching television.A. areB. wereC. beD. is13.When and where to build the new factory _yet.A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided14. Although the first part of

18、the book is easy ， the rest _.A. are difficultB. has proved difficultC. is supposed difficultD. have been found difficult15.That they were wrong in these matters _ now clear to us all.A. isB. wasC. areD. were16.Half of his goods _ stolen the other day.A. areB. wereC. isD. was17.Mathematics _the lang

19、uage of science.A. areB. are going to beC. isD. is to be18.Each of the students _ a Chinese-English dictionary.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are19.They each _ a beautiful handkerchief.A. haveB. hasC. there isD. there are20.Between the two rows of trees _the teaching building.A. standB. standsC. s

20、tandingD. are21.This pair of shoes _made in Nanjing.A.isB. areC. have beenD. had been22.No one except my parents _anything about it.A. knowB. knowsC. is knowing D. have known23.A number of students _from the south.A. areB. isC. haveD. has24.The number of students from the north _small.A.areB. isC. h

21、aveD. has25.Writing stories and articles _what I enjoy most ，A.isB. areC. wasD. were26.His“ Selected Poems” _first published in 1965.A.wereB. wasC. has beenD. are27.Miss Smith is a friend of _.A. Mary s mothers B. Mary s motherC. Mother s of Mary D. Mary mothers28.A good deal of money _spent on book

22、s.A.haveB. hasC. have beenD. has been29.On the wall _ two large portraits.A.hangsB. hangC. hangedD. hanging30._turn green in spring.A. LeafB. LeafsC. LeaveD. Leaves31.Father went to his doctor for _about his heart trouble.A. an adviceB. adviceC. advicesD. the advices32.All but one _here just now.A.i

23、sB. wasC. has beenD. were33.The air in big cities _very dirty by factories.A. are often madeB. is often madeC. have often madeD. has often made34.Nobody _to smoke in the cinema.A. allowsB. allowC. is allowedD. are allowed35.The Chinese people _hard-working and brave.A. areB. isC. has beenD. are bein

24、g36.John has two brothers， but either _out of work now.A. areB. isC. hasD. have37.The policethe murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.A. is searching forB. were searching forC. are searching forD. were searching38.Where _rubbish ， there are flies.A.there areB. there isC. isD. th

25、ere has39.The Olympic Games _held every _years.A. is ； fourB. are； fourC. is； fiveD. are； five40.Many a man _ come to help us.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are41.He is the only one of the students who _elected.A. areB. haveC. hasD. is42.Three-fourths of the homework _today.A. has finishedB. has been finished

26、C. have finishedD. have been finished43.Those who _ in _compositions ， please hand them in this afternoon.A. hasn t handed； hisB. haven t handed； theirC.has handed； theirD. have handed； his44.Jane is one of the best students in her class who _by their teacher.A. are praisedB. is praisedC. praisedD.

27、praising45.The whole class _the teacher attentively.A. are listening toB. is listening toC. are listeningD. is listening完成句子专练1.I,who（你的好朋友） , will try my best to help you with your English.(be)2. The United States of America _（最发达国家之一） in the world. （ develop）3.Mary as well as her sisters(正在研究汉语 )i

28、n China. （study）4.Every boy and every girl _（希望出席） to attend the evening party.(wish)5.The population of China _ ( 比任何其他国家都多) in the world. （ large）6.Alice, together with two boys,_(被惩罚 ) for having broken the rule.(punish)7.The League secretary and the monitor_ （被要求出席） the meeting this afternoon.(a

29、ttend)8.The number of deer, mountain lions and wild roses _（变化不大）if people leavethings as they are.(change)9.Chairman Mao' s works _（已经出版） .(publish)10.He is the only one of die students（被当选） .（ elect）11.This pair of trouseis _（对他来说太长）.（ be）12 .Ten minutes_（好像一小时） when one is waiting for a phone

30、 call. （ seem）13.The whole class _（在听） attentively.(listen)14.Between the two rows of trees(坐落着教学楼 )(stand).15.That they were wrong in these matters（现在已经清楚）to us all. （ be）16.What you said just now_（和 - 有关） the matter we are discussing.（ have17.When and where to build the new factory _(还未决定 )yet.(de

31、cide)18.Both rice and wheat(在那个国家种植 ).(grow)19.Early to bed and early to rise _（是个好习惯） .(be)20.Many a man( 读过这本小说 )(read).21 Tom, as well as his parents,_( 已被邀请 )the party. (invite)22.She is one of the students who_( 被称赞 ) by the teacher.(think)23.It s I who应(受责备 )for the mistake.(blame)24.The numbe

32、r of the students in our school_( 是五年前的三倍 ).(time)25.Many a soldier_( 受伤 ) in the war.(wound)26.Either you or she _ （负责） the preparation of the party. (charge).27.Prices_( 一直在上涨 ) rapidly these years.(go)28.Those wounded _( 照顾的很好 ) in the hospital.(take)29.Every boy and girl in the class_（给一个机会） to

33、make a speech.(give)30.This kind of coats_( 很好洗 ).(wash)31.It s what he has done rather than what he hsaid_( 重要 ).(count)32.All the employees except the manager_( 被鼓励在家网上工作).(encourage)33.According to my father, movies such as the one you talked aboutyesterday,_(不值得看 ).(worth)34.Neither I nor my bro

34、ther_( 起床早 ) on Sundays because we sleep till 12 mp.(get)35.Nobody but the doctors_( 被允许 ) to enter the patient s room.(allow)36.Last week lots of food, water, tents and medicine_( 被运送到 ) to theearthquake-stricken area.(transport)37.Neither of the novels which are popular with us _(被翻译成汉语) so far. (translate)38.The lake smells terrible because large quantities of water _( 正被污染 ).(pollute)39.No decision _( 已被做出 ) until the police find new e