“妇女们爱有健康保险的男人们妻子的健康保险责任范围是丈夫退休依靠的效应”【外文翻译】

1、外文翻译原文"men with health insurance and the women who love them: theeffect of a husband's retirement on his wife's health insurancecoveragematerial source:http:/deepblue. /bitstream/2027.42/49335/3/wp 13 l.pdfauthor: jody schimmelabstracthealth insurance coverage in the years

2、prior to retirement is particularly important because it protects the household from the financial risks of uninsurance as well as the health consequences of delaying care while uninsured. while results from the retirement "job lock" literature show that those who would lack coverage after

3、 retirement continue to work to maintain benefits, little work has explored the types of health insurance choices made by couples after retirement. it may be difficult for a married man to coordinate continuous coverage for a younger wife whose primary source of coverage has been from the husband, a

4、nd thus households may pay more for non-group coverage or be exposed to the risks of uninsurance. this paper studies a panel of married couples from the 1992-2004 waves of the health and retirement study (hrs) to study the types of health insurance decisions households make around the time of retire

5、ment. results indicate that households seem to do well at avoiding uninsurance at the time of retirement, but may make high cost choices in order to insure the wife. men switch into medicare or coverage from their wife at retirement if they lose their own coverage, but a large fraction of women take

6、-up privately purchased coverage. in fact, the transition from husband's coverage to privately purchased coverage is twice as large in periods when the husband retires than otherwise. transitions to uninsurance are lower in periods of retirement than at other times, suggesting that men continue

7、to work if either spouse would lose coverage though less risky, insurance purchased in the non-group market is expensive relative to employer-sponsored coverage. thus, married households may need to increase savings to pay for health insurance that bridges the gap until the wife can claim medicare a

8、t age 65.introductionit has been documented that men who are eligible for employer-sponsored health insurance after their retirement are more likely to retire than those who do not have such coverage. recently, work by blau and gilleskie (2006) and kapur and rogowski(2006),addressed this same issue

9、from the household perspective, incorporating other findings that have shown that couples make their health insurance and retirement choices jointly as a couple, not as individuals. by expanding the retirement "job lock" literature to include the insurance coverage of both spouses, these p

10、apers have made important contributions to the understanding of household retirement behavior-despite retirement job lock at the individual and household levels, little work has studied the types of health insurance choices couples make once retirement occurs. medicare coverage is available beginnin

11、g at age 65 for most in the united states, but most men retire years prior to reaching that age of eligibility. many expect to receive retiree coverage from their former employer to bridge the gap until age 65, but they may discover upon retiring that such coverage is an unaffordable expense in reti

12、rement. in married households where retiree benefits are available for the husband, similar coverage may be unavailable or unaffordable to provide coverage to the wife in situations where retiree coverage is altogether unavailable, a husband could delay his retirement until age 65 until eligible for

13、 medicare. while that would ensure continuous coverage for him, if he is older, his retirement at age 65 could leave his wife without the coverage she had gotten from him. thus, there are many possible reasons why expensive or risky health insurance choices may be made in the period of time between

14、retirement and the medicare eligibility that occurs at age 65 for each spouse.this paper explores the household health insurance decisions of married couples in the years after a husband's retirement using a panel of respondents from the 1992-2004 health and retirement study (hrs). because healt

15、h insurance transitions are not usually modeled as an outcome variable, much of the work in this paper is descriptive, and its main purpose is to provide evidence about the health insurance of both spouses in a married couple around retirement. in particular, emphasis is placed on the health insuran

16、ce transitions of individuals who were covered by the husband's health insurance before his retirement, because these are the 2 people who are most likely to be affected by the man's decision to retire. health insurance in the years among those who are late middle-aged have been shown to be

17、volatile (sudano and baker, 2005), and this paper assesses the extent to which that volatility is a particular consequence of the decision to retire. periods in which a retirement event is not observed are as used as a "control groups for the types of insurance transitions we would expect to ob

18、serve if retirement were not driving any changes in coverage. if the relative rate of transition into more expensive or risky forms of health insurance states such as non-group coverage or uninsurance are higher in the periods when retirement is observed, or if the transitions for wives are differen

19、t for the wives than their husband, this may suggest that households are not fully considering the health insurance choices for both spouses when choosing the husbands retirement date.descriptive evidence and results from multinomial logit models of health insurance transitions among those who had c

20、overage from the husbands employer prior to his retirement indicate that a large fraction of both husbands and wives maintain coverage from the husband's employer after he leaves his job this corresponds well to tabulations from hrs cross-sections indicate that about two-thirds of those with emp

21、loyer-sponsored coverage from their own job are also eligible for retiree health benefits. it also suggests that most retiree plans offer coverage to spouses who are currently covered by the plan. however, around fifty percent of those who had coverage from the husband prior to his retirement transi

22、tion to a different insurance state in the period after he retires. almost half of all men who lose their employer-sponsored health insurance have medicare in the next period and one quarter take up coverage from their wife's employer sponsored plan. this suggests that a mans decision to retire

23、is partially driven by his eligibility for medicare, which is consistent with the job-lock and structural models of retirement. for women, the story is quite different. because women are generally younger than their husband, they are not eligible for medicare upon his retirement. only one-quarter of

24、 women who lose coverage from their husband switch to medicare in the period after he retires- an additional third are able to take-up coverage from their own employer, coverage that they either already had or were able to opt into upon losing coverage from their husband.while transitions between em

25、ployer plans or to medicare will not significantly increase household health insurance costs, transitions to non-group coverage or uninsurance will be costly. twenty percent of married women and thirteen percent of married men who had relied on the husband's coverage prior to his retirement take

26、-up privately purchased coverage in the 3 period following his retiremen匸 for women, this rate of transition is twice as large as in periods when the husband does not retire, for men it is approximately the same. regression results confirm that transitions to non-group coverage are substantially hig

27、her in periods when the husband retires compared to otherwise, and that purchased insurance is the most common transition among women who lose coverage from their husband. while the hrs does not specifically ask about cobra take-up, it does not appear that the increase in purchased coverage is owing

28、 to that coverage, since purchased insurance rates remain high in the next period, even after cobra would have been exhausted. among both married men and women, 16 percent of those who previously had employer coverage become uninsured, a lower rate than in periods of non-retirement. thus, it appears

29、 that households recognize the risk-reducing aspects of health insurance coverage and make retirement decisions based on the availability of coverage, even if the choices made are quite expensive.译文“妇女们爱有健康保险的男人们，妻子的健康保险责任范围是丈夫退休依靠的效应"资料来源:http:/deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/49335/3/

30、wpl 3 l.pdf 作者：jody schimmel摘要在退休前购买健康保险是十分重要的，因为它保护没有保障的金融风险， 以及因为没有投保而使家庭拖延护理健康所造成的后果。虽然退休结果“职业 锁定”文献显示，那些退休后享受不到保障的人士会在退休后继续工作维护福 利，关于退休后夫妻对健康保险种类的选择的研究探索工作也是比较的少的， 这对于协调年轻妻子的主要连续保障來自丈夫的已婚男子是十分困难的，因此 家庭需要支付更多的非集体性质的保障或者面临未受保障的风险。本文对从健 康和退休研究(hrs)屮的1992-2004年间的家庭屮关于家庭围绕退休时间对于 保险种类的选择所做出决定进行了研究。结果表

31、明，家庭在退休时期对于避免 未保险的情况做得很好，但为了保障妻子可能会有更高成本的选择。当男人退 休时失去自己的保险的时候，转向医疗保险制度或者他们妻子的保障的时候， 相当一部分的妇女采取行动自费购买保险。事实上，在这个改变的时期，在退 休时期自费购买的费用是其他任何时期丈夫的保障范围两倍大。在退休时期转 向不保险的可能性比其他任何时期都还要少，这意味着当配偶中的任何一方失 去保障，丈夫将要继续工作。虽然风险较低，相对于雇主赞助的保障來说，非 团体性保险购买的费用是比较昂贵的。因此，已婚的家庭可能需要増加储蓄來 支付医疗保险，除非该产品可以填补妻子到65岁可以索取医疗保险的空白。导言据记载，有

32、资格获得雇主资助的健康保险的男人在比那些没有享受雇主资 助健康保险的人更希望退休。最近，blau and gilleskie (2006)和kapur and rogowski(2006),针对从家庭的角度来看同样的问题，并有其他调查也有表明， 夫妇做他们的健康保险和退休选择的时候是考虑到夫妻双方的情况的，而不是 作为单个个人而做的。通过扩充退休“职业锁定"文学，包括配偶双方的保险覆 盖面，这些文章对家庭退休的行为的理解做出了重要的贡献。尽管退休工作的在个人和家庭的各个层面都有锁定，但是很少有研究工作 研究夫妻退休后的健康保险种类的选择。在美国大多数医疗保险覆盖面是65 岁开始提供的

33、，但大多数人的退休年龄比到达这一合适的退休年龄要早。许多 人期望在退休到65岁这段时间能够由原来的雇主帮忙支付保险费，但他们退休 时可能会发现这些保障在退休时期是比较难以承受的负担费用。在已婚家庭中， 退休的福利由丈夫享有，类似的覆盖面对于妻子的保障可能无法使用或无法负 担。在退休人员退休保障完全无法保障的情况下，丈夫可能会推迟到享有医疗 保险资格的65岁退休。虽然这将确保连续的保障他，如果他更老的时候，他的 妻子会因为他在65岁退休而变得没有保障。因此，这里有很多种可能使得为什 么昂贵或有风险的健康保险的会在退休和在配偶享有医疗体制保障的时候而做 出选择。本文使用从1992j004年健康和退休小组研究会中的受访者探讨在丈夫退 休后已婚夫妇的家庭医疗保险选择的决定。由于健康保险过渡通常不作为建模 结果变量，本文大部分内容是描述性的，其主要目的是提供关于已婚夫妇在夫 妻双方围绕医疗保险的证明。特别是，重点在于丈夫退休前丈夫的健康保险保 障关于个人保险的过渡，这是因为两个人中最有受影响的是可能是受男子的做 出退休决泄的影响。健康保险，在那些将近中年的被证明是不稳泄，容易变动 的(苏丹