英语五大基本句型详解及练习(配答案)

1、-作者xxxx-日期xxxx英语五大基本句型详解及练习(配答案)【精品文档】2012届高三 英语五种简单句 （一）从英语的句子结构上说，除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外，在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式，一般地说，某些动词在某一句式中，下面我们把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类，供大家参考。一、 S(主) + Vi (不及物动词) （谓） Time (s) + flies (Vi) 两天过去了。 冬天快要来了。 受伤的猫死了。 发生了一宗交通事故。1) S + Vi + adverbial ( 副词作状语)Birds sing beautifully. 他高兴地离开了。 女孩安静地走了进

2、来。 战争和平地结束了。 雨渐渐地停了。2）S + Vi + Prep phase (介词短语作状语)He went on holiday. 他们会在三点钟到。 那群孩子步行去上学。3）S + Vi +Infinitive (不定式作状语)We stopped to have a rest. 他起得早是为了读英语。 他希望做医生。4）S + Vi +Participle (现在分词作状语) I will go swimming. 我们明天一起去钓鱼。 我明天去划船。 昨天他们去逛街。2012届高三 英语五种简单句 （二）S（主）+ Vt( 及物动词) （谓）+ Object (宾) - We

3、like English.1） S + Vt + N/ Pron (名词或代词作宾语)I like music. / I like her. 他去年教数学。 我们已收到了他们的来信。2）S + Vt + Infinitive (不定式作宾语) I want to help him. 他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。 他们假装在看书。 我尝试去解决那个问题。常用于这个句型的动词有：attempt ,dare ,decide, desire, expect, hope, wish, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, refuse,

4、 want, manage, plan, fail, try, agree等。3) S + Vt + 疑问词 + Infinitive （疑问词加不定式作宾语） I dont know what to do. 我在想明天去哪里。 你决定要买什么了吗？ 我想知道什么时候出发。常用于这个句型的动词有： ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wond

5、er 等。4）S + Vt + Gerund(动名词作宾语) I enjoy living here. 他每天都练习说英语。 李阿姨忍不住笑了。 我期待明天见到你。常用于这个句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practice, risk, suggest, give up, cant help, imagine, appreciate, escape, permit, put off, devote to, make a contribution t

6、o, look forward to, feel like, get/be used to, pay attention to, have trouble/ difficulty in, be fond of, be worth 等。2012届高三 英语五种简单句 （三）S（主）+ Lv (系动词) + P (表) 【谓语】We are Chinese.除了be系动词外，还有一些动词也可以用作系动词：1) 表感官的动词： feel, smell, taste, sound, look, 等2) 表变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, fall, run, com

7、e等3) 表延续的动词：remain, keep, stay, stand, continue, lie等4) 表表象的动词：seem, appear, look 等5) 表终止的动词：prove, turn out等1） S+Lv+N/Pron(名词、代词作表语)He is a boy. / This is mine. 他们是美国人。 我是一个英语教师。 桌子上的那本书是我的。2） S+Lv+ Adj( 形容词作表语)：She is beautiful. 众所周知，牛肉在英国很受欢迎。 阅读很有用。 冰箱里的食物变质了。 昨天他们迟到了。3） S+Lv+Adv（副词作表语）：Class is

8、 over。 他的父母出去了。 关于鲁迅的那部电影放了半个小时了。4） S+Lv+Prep+Phrase (介词短语作表语)：He is in good health. 昨晚你在家吗？ 那个女孩还在办公室。 他病了。5） S+Lv+participle（分词作表语）He is excited. The film is interesting. 昨天我听到的那个故事令人害怕。 那场篮球赛令人兴奋。 那个老板对我的工作很满意。2012届高三 英语五种简单句 （四）S（主）+ Vt（谓）+ Indirect Object (间宾)+Direct Object (直宾) 【双宾】 eg. I give

9、 you help.1) S + Vt +N/Porn (间宾) + N (直宾)I sent him a book. / I bought Mary a book. 我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台 PC。 陈老师叫我们语文。 给我看看你的执照。 2) S + Vt +N (直宾) + to/ for +N /Porn (间宾)I sent a book to him. / He bought a coat for me.间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do (带来)， give，grant，hand, leave, lend, offer, o

10、we, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell, wish, write等。 警察提供一日三餐给犯人。 他从来都不把他的小车借给别人。 音乐给我们带来快乐。 间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：buy，cash，choose，fetch，get，leave，make， order，paint，play（演奏），save，sing，spare等。 你能抽出一些时间给小朋友吗？ 我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。 我会为你给房间上油漆。 2012届高三 英语五种简单句

11、 （五）S（主）+ Vt（谓）+ Object (宾) + OC (宾补) 【复合宾语】1) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾) + N (宾补) We named our baby Tom. 我们选他为总统。 我们选她做班长。 （Note：表示独一的头衔、职位或身份的名词作宾语补足语，不用冠词）常用于这个句型的动词有：appoint，call，choose，elect，entitle，find，make，name，nominate（命名）.2) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾) + adj. (宾补) He painted the wall white.他的话令我发狂。 我们认为这项工

12、作很容易。 常用于这个句型的动词有：boil，think，drive，find，get，hold，keep，leave，like，make，paint，see，set，turn，want，wash，wipe，wish3) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾) + prep phrase (宾补)She always keeps everything in good order. 请不要客气（就像在家一样）。 4) S + Vt +N/Porn (宾) +infinitive (宾补)The teacher asked him to leave. / I made him work.常用于这句型

13、的动词有：a) 不定式带to 的词：advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。 b) 不定式不带to 的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at

14、, make, notice, see, watch.李华昨晚见到他们离开了。 5) S + Vt +N/Porn + (宾) + participle （分词做宾补）I heard my name called. / I feel something moving. 他成功地使自己被别人明白了。 刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。 常用于这句型的动词有：catch，feel，find，get，have，hear，imagine，keep，leave， listen to，look at，notice，observe，perceive，see，set，smell，start，watch5) S +

15、Vt +N/Porn + wh-word + infinitive He show me how to do it. Answer:（一）一、Two days passed/ went by/ have gone.Winter is coming soon./ Winter will come.The injured cat died.A traffic accident happened.1)He left happily.The girl came in quietly.The war ended peacefully.The rain stopped gradually.2)He wil

16、l arrive at 3 oclock.The group of children went to school on foot.3)He gets up very early to read English.He hopes to be a doctor.4)We will go fishing tomorrow.I will go boating tomorrow.He went shopping yesterday.（二）1)He taught moths last year.We have received their letters./ We have heard from the

17、m.2)His father expected to own/ have a factory.He pretended to be reading.I try/ attempted to solve the problem/ question.3)I think/ wonder where to go tomorrow.Have you decided what to buy?/ Do you decide what to buy?I wonder/ want to know when to set off/ go/ leave.4)He practices speaking English

18、every day.Aunt Li cant help laughing.I expect to see you tomorrow./ Im looking forward to seeing/ meeting you.(三)1)They are Americans.I am an English teacher./ I am a teacher of English.That book on the desk is mine.2)As everyone knows, beef is very popular/ welcome in Britain/ England.Reading is us

19、eful. / Reading is of great use.The food in the fridge/ refrigerator/ ice box has gone bad. They were late for school yesterday.3)His parents are out.The movie about Lu Xun has been on half an hour.4)Were you at home last night?That girl is still in the office.He is in bad condition./ He is in hospital.5)That story which I heard yesterday was frightening/ horrifying.That basketball match/ game is exciting.That boss is satisfied with my job/ work.(四)1)My father brou