医学英语课文和补充短语

1、前沿技术，尖端技术 human upper extremity 人休上肢 nerve reattachment 神经再附着术 blood vessel reanastomosis 血管吻合术unit 9 reading apara. 1low-back pain腰背痛、成人腰痛 the catalogue of life's certainties 一个人一牛.中有些事情 是确定无疑的experienee lowback pain 患腰背痛 physiacal office visits 看内科 work disability丧失工作能力 reserve cell储备细胞 cell r

2、enewal细胞更新 cell population 细胞群体 cell of the same lineage 同一谱系的细胞 genetic material 遗传物质 cell contents细胞内含物 break down the food 分解食物 intended function 预期功能 connective tissue 结缔组织 the annual combined cost 每年的费用加起来 disability compensation 残疾补贴 non-lethal liiwal adj 非致命的 medical condition 疾病,病症 prevale n

3、eeprevele ns n.流行 the prevalence of back pain腰背痛发病率很高 患病率(prevalence rate)：也称现患率。指某特定时间内 总人口小某病新旧病例所占比例。发病率(incidence rate)：表示在一定期间内，一定人群 中某病新病例出现的频率。lingering lingarin adj.延迟的,逗留不去的 the lingering mystery这个谜一样的东西一直存在，挥之 不去para. 2with less heavy labor重体力劳动越来越少 diagnostic daieg'nrstik adj.诊断的 spin

4、e spain n.脊骨work disability has risen.丧失丄作能力的情况增加了。 faint-praise轻微的赞扬over-praise is certainly sometimes even more damning than faint praise.颂扬过了头，有时要比微有此意更可 恨。damn with faint praise.名褒实贬damn 'daem v.ijl咒at best 至多;充其量比较：at one's best -处在最佳状态have a limited understanding of sth.对.认识有限,对.理 解不够=

5、do not un dersta nd . well eno ughmedicine's reliance on outdated ideas 医学依赖一些陈旧 的想法weak evide nee 证据不充分 physical inferences 生理推论 case report病例报告clinical findings临床表现;临床特征;临床症状rigorous zrigar9s adj.严格的trial实验controlled clinical trials 临床对照试验para. 3substantially seb'staenf(e)li adv.充分地 prog n

6、osis prrg'neusis n .预后(a predicti on of the course of a disease)hold true v.适用，有效(remain valid, applicable or unchanged)amino rity of 少量的二 a small nu mber ofmiss work v. 误工二fail to attend or perform workleave work停工，休假at a given time在特定时间work force n.劳动人口，劳动力 chronically adv.慢性地，长期地the prospects

7、 (for.) are quite good (病)f页后良好 recurre neeka re ns n.复发tend to do sth =have a tendency towards. spontaneous sprn'teinjes adj.自发的,自然产生的 =happening without an apparent external causepara. 4by intramuscular (im) injection 肌肉注射 by intravenous (iv) injection 静脉注射 by the intranasal route 鼻内给药 average

8、 dose平均剂虽 be subject to v/5支配，常遭受 ligament ligament n.系带，韧带arthritis a/wraitis n.关节炎facet 'faesit n.(多面体的)面facet joints小面关节.herniated 'homieitid adj 成疝的，突出的 herniated disk = slipped disk 推间盘突；l|症 cushioning减震,缓冲 cushioning material 缓冲物质 protrude preztru:d v.突出rim=the usually curved or circul

9、ar border or edge of an objectouter rim 外缘 adjacent adj.邻近的* nerve root 神经根*culprit zkalprit n.犯人or the culprit might be spinal stenosis.此处culprit应该引仲为"（致痛）原因”spinal 'spainladj.脊骨的,脊髓的 *spinal stenosis.椎管狭窄症 stenosis sti'neusis医（器官）狭窄 spinal canal 椎管tumors of spinal canal 椎管肿瘤 *pinched

10、nerve神经受到压迫 wear of the disks椎间盘磨损para. 5*congenital krn'dsenitl n.adj.先天的 congenital abnormality 先天性畸形 odd structure畸形结构*asymptomatic eisimpta'maetik adj.无症状的 anatomy e'naetemi n.解剖学,解剖结构 pancreas 'paenkries n.解胰腺*aorta eizr:te n.大动脉*underlying disease 潜在病变，隐患 rare forms of arthriti

11、s 罕见型关节炎 common forms of arthritis 常见型关节炎para. 6vex veks vt.使烦恼hinder zhinde v.阻碍,打扰dosage and administration 用（剂）量与用法route of administration 给药途径direction for use 用法method of （for） administration 用法application and dosage 用法与用（剂）量para. 7stressful life events 牛活节奏快* control group 对照纟ftdefinitive phys

12、ical damage 确定的身体损伤 stressful life events 生活节奏快perceive . as = regard . as 把 看作是*control group 对照纟group for comparison definitive physical damage 确定的身体损伤 physical tension身体的紧张状态=the physical condition of being stretched or strained assert e'se:t v.断言，声称=claim serve to do sth.=help to do sth dist

13、ract dis'traekt v.使分心 distress dis'tres n.悲痛,忧伤 confront ken'frqnt vt.面对,对抗 conflict krnflikt n.斗争，冲突=disagreement; struggle or fightpsychological counseling 心理咨询para. 8*muscle soreness 肌肉酸痛*natural wear自然磨损 wear = diminish!ng, as by friction tear n.牵拉 ligament ligementln.系带,韧带 create mi

14、crotraumas to sth.对 造成微创 trauma ztrr:me n.医外伤,损伤 with age = with passage of time *pinpoint zpinprint v.查明 find out para. 9coronary artery disease 冠状动脉疾病 congenital dislocation of the hip 先天性韻脱臼 single-gene disorder 单基因症mendelian patterns of inheritance 孟德尔遗传规则 chronic glomerulonephritis 慢性肾小球肾炎 pati

15、ent description = patie nt in formation subject= a person or an object to be investigated hypothetical haipauwetiksl adj.假设的=supposed hypothesis means saying what you think is going to happenrheumatology ru:maztrlad3i n.风湿病学in a search for sth.electromyogram ilektrau'maiagraem n.肌电图 arthritic co

16、nditions 关节炎（病） neurosurgeon njuereu'se:dvenn.神经外科医生 neurologist njuevriedvist n.神经科医师 be inclined to do = tend to doelectromyogram ilektrau'maiagraem n.肌电图 implicate zimplikeit vt. 昭示=suggestpara. 10*spinal x-rays 脊骨x光检查para. 11epidemiology epidi:mi,rlad3i n.流行病学be blame for = be responsibl

17、e for preemployment medical examination 职前体检 military induction募兵，（军队）应征入伍 spine abnormalities 脊椎畸形 asymptomatic eisimpte'maetik adj.无症状:的para.12ionize zaienaiz vt.使离子化 vi.电离 a chest x-ray= x 光胸（部）透（视） radiologist reidi'riedvist n.放射科医生 clinical guideline 临床扌旨南para. 13instrumentation instrum

18、en'teifen n.（使用）仪器 computed tomographic = cttomograph zteumegra:f n.医断层 x 光摄影装置 in ter nal orga n 内脏 normal range正常范围 bear offspring 产生后代 cell differentiation 细胞分化 skeletal cell骨骼细胞 magnetic resonance imaging 核磁共振成像 make a diagnosis 作出诊断 illusory iluiseri adj.错觉的，不可靠的 alarming e'laimig adj.使

19、令人担忧的 para.14red herring转移注意力的不相t的事实或论点 imaging interpretation 读片 spine abnormality 脊骨畸形coincidental keuinsi'dentl adj.一致的，符合的 cause pain 致痛 *spasm 'spaezam n.痉挛 injured ligament 韧帯受损 in a substantial percentage of back patients 在相当多白勺腰 背疼病人中 perplexity p'pleksiti n.困惑混舌lorthopedic r:w9u

20、zpi:dik （=orthopaedic） adj.医整形外 科的fda （abbr.） food and drug administration（美国）食品及药 物管理局end product最终产品 waist circumferenee 腰围 premature death 过早死亡 functional recovery 功能恢复 see orthopedic surgeons 做整容手术 chiropractor 'kairapraekte n.脊椎指压治疗师 hippocratic hipeu'kraetik希波克拉底的 admonition aedmanifon

21、 n.警告 counsel zkaunsal n.劝告，忠告 with regard to adv.关 丁（二about）para.16*bed rest卧床休养期* rationale raefa'nadi n.基本原理 *transient relief暂时性的缓解intervertebral intefo'vaiibrel adj.解椎（骨）间的 prone adj.俯伏的，而向卜的 norm nr:m n.标准，规范 fall from favor 不再受宠 dramatic adj.戏剧性的，生动的 reversal rie:sei n.颠倒，逆转,撤销 blood

22、letting instrument *抽血装置 blood letting needle *放血针头 anathema a'nwimq n.诅咒，彼咒逐的人（物） resume = restoreunit 11 reading a cancer pathogenesispara.2*cancer tumor 肿瘤 connective tissue 结缔组织 *sarcoma sa:'keumen.医肉瘤 epithelial tissue *上皮纟fl织 *carcinoma kai'naumsjn.dk癌瘤 *invasiveness 侵蚀para.3mutati

23、on 突变cell nucleus 细胞核carcinogen ka/sinedoen n.致癌物质 对于个人习惯来讲，抽烟町以接触到大屋的化学致癌物 质。the greatest exposure to such agents that comes by individual choice is in cigarette smoking.*food additive食品添加剂 carcinogen ka/sinedvenn.致癌物质 saccharine sakarainn.< 美糖精* potent 'pqutsnt adj.强力的，烈性的（药等） breakage '

24、;breikidv n.破坏，破损 dormant 'drimant adj.睡眠状态的，隐匿的 *dormant virus=slow virus 潜伏病毒，慢病毒 ionize yai9naiz vt.使离子化 vi.电离 radio active material 放射性材料 *atomic exhaust 核排放*atomic waste 核废物*bronzed-god look古铜色的外表take a toll 致死 afflict e'flikt vt.使痛苦,折磨 *basal cell carcinoma 基底细胞癌 *lethal 1i:wal adj.致命的

25、n.致死因子 *lethal dose n.致命剂量 melanoma meinoume n.医（恶性）黑素瘤,（良性）胎记 瘤pigment figment n.生色素，颜料 melanin 'meianin n.生化黑色素 *oncogenic virus致癌病毒，致肿瘤病毒 latitude n.纬度 mortality rate 死亡率 *oncogene n.致癌基因 vertebrate cell 动物细胞 cancerous adj.癌"勺 encase vt.装入，包住*ribonucleic acid raibonju:'kli:ik生化核糖核酸（略

26、作 rna）parasite zpaer9sait n.寄生虫（物） *epidemiology epidiimi'rladsi n.流行病学 enigma i'nigmejn.®,不可思议的东西 heredity hi'reditijn.遗传six-fold adj.六倍的endemic en'demikjn.地方病*intrigue in'tri:g vt.引起的兴趣* colon n.解结肠etiology n.e病因沆病源论* case-control study 对照研究acute myocardial infarction （ami

27、）急性心机梗塞 hypertensive cardiovascular disease 高血压性心血管疾 病congential heart disease 先天性心脏病pyloric obstruction 幽门阻塞*stress factors应激因素;紧张因素;胁迫因子*malignancyme'lignensin.恶意,恶性疾病*healer n.医治者，,治病术上，治疗物tenet zti:netn.原则*trauma ztrr:men.医外伤，损伤 loss of a cen tral relati on ship 失去亲人 correlation n.相互关系，相关（性）

28、 physiology n.生理学thymuswaimes n.胸腺 adj.胸腺的 hormonalhr:'meunei adj.荷尔蒙的,激素的 mediate mi:diitv调停，作为引起的媒介 *hypothalamus haipau'waelamas n.解咅!|视丘卜部 *pituitary n.解垂体*adrenal cortex肾上腺皮质cascade kaes'keidjn.小瀑布，喷流vi.成瀑布落下,大量倾 泻vulnerable adj.易受的攻击integrity in'tegriti n.完整，完整性unit 12 reading

29、bceliac sprue 口炎性腹泻（或译：腹型斯泼拉）celiac zsi:liaek adj解剖腹的,腹腔的sprue spru: n.医口 炎性腹泻*diarrhea daia'ria n.痢疾，腹泻*distend distend v.（使）扩大,（使）扩张*distended abdomens 腹胀*the abdomen distend 腹部胀大。*clinical condition 临床表现*malabsorption maelaeb'sr:pf8nn.医（营养）吸收障碍，吸收不良foul faul adj.污秽的,恶臭的*stool stu:l n.凳子,大

30、便*multiple stool 排便量多*foamy stool大便有泡沫* greasy stools 脂肪便*inadequate absorption 吸收不全*metabolic defect 代谢缺损*pediatrician pi:dio'trifon n.儿科医师 cereal zsi9ri9l n.谷类食品,谷类rye rai n.裸麦,黑麦 gliadin zglaiadin n.生化麦胶蛋白 gluten 'glu:ton n.鉄质，谷蛋白 peroral phr:rel adj经口的,口周围的 *biopsy zbairpsi n.医活纟h.织检杏，活组

31、织切片检杳 suction 'sakfan n.吸入，抽吸 guillotine zgileti:n n.（切纸的）闸刀,环状刀 *microscopic study显微镜卜观察 insufficiency of intake 摄入不足 excretion of meconium 胎粪排出 loss of moist水分丢失 summit of growth 生长高峰 *celiac disease 乳糜泻*nontropical sprue非热带型卡他性腹泻 *enteropathy ente'rrpewi n.肠病 n.医肠卜垂 *gluten-sensitive ente

32、ropathy 麦质敏感性肠病 *electron micrograph电子显微镜检查，电子显微照片 *eroded mucosal surface受侵蚀粘膜表面 *villiwlai解植绒毛sparse spa:s adj.s少的，稀疏的 *erosion i'reusan n.腐蚀,侵蚀 *primary host defect 基木缺损 *under study正在研究之中 *genetic base遗传基础 atrophy zaetrafi n.医萎缩，萎缩症 *pathologic paewe'ird3ik adj.病理的 *lesion zli:3an n.损害，身

33、体上的伤害 glutamine zglu:t9mi:n n.谷氨酸盐steatorrhea 脂肪痢*secondary manifestation 继发'性表现 *primary biochemical reaction 原发性生化反应 *celiac crisis粥样泻危彖 acidosis aesi'deusisj n.酸液过多症，酸中毒症 *watery stool 水样泻 copious 'kaupjasjadj.很多的，大量的 * copious vomiting 严重呕吐 *ingest in'dsest vt.摄取steatorrhea 脂肪痢 *

34、anemia hni:mien.贫血，贫血症 rickets tikitsn.医软骨病,佝偻病,驼背 *subcutaneous s/bkju（:）teini8sadj.解皮下的,皮下 用的buttock zbatek n.臀部 emaciate lmeifieitvt.使憔悴，使消瘦 apathetic aepe'wetik adj.缺乏兴趣的，情感淡漠的 fretful fretful adj.烦燥的，焦躁的*dietary manegement 饮食控制 oat®utn.植燕麦，麦片粥 barley ba:lin.大麦corn kr:n n.美玉米 recipe zre

35、sipi n.处方 *dietary compliance 饮食要求* ethnic foods民族食品 *kit kit n.工具箱refractory rizfraektqri adj.难控制的 erect position 站立位 chest circumferenee 胸围 deciduous teeth 乳牙 permanent teeth jii牙 motor development 运动发育unit 13 reading bgonorrhea grna'riia n.医淋病* reportable diseases 法定传染病 neisseria gonorrhoeae

36、奈瑟氏菌属with the heaviest concentration among young adults（15 to 44 years）患者主耍是1524岁的年轻人 *antibiotic-resistant strains 耐抗生素菌株 *pyogenic paie'dsenik adj.医化脓的*pus pasnm 脓汁 diplococcus diplsu'krkes n.生物双球菌 *gram-negative diplococcus 节兰氏阴性双球菌 evoke i'vauk vt.唤起，引起purulent zpjuarulent adj.脓的,含脓的

37、* exudate zeksjudeit n.流出物,分泌液 *natural host 天然宿主*mucusmju:kas n.粘液，胶*epithelia epi'widia n.生上皮细胞（epithelium 的复数） *portal zpr:tal n.入口*genitourinary dsenitau'juarineri adj.泌尿生殖器的 oropharynx eurs'faerinks n.解口咽部anorectum eina'rektgm肛门直肠（部） heterosexual hetoreu'seksjuol adj.异性恋的 ho

38、mosexuallhaumau'seksjuel adj.同性恋的 n.同性恋 intercourse n.性交 autoinoculation （"ritsuinrkju'leifan n.医自体接种（指 注射自体菌苗或疾病从身体的一部分扩散到另一部分） conjunctiva krnd3 ank'taiva n.（眼球）结膜 neonate zni：qneit n.（尤指岀牛不满一个月的）婴儿 birth canal 产道 gonorrhea conjunctivity 淋病性结膜炎 amniotic adj.解羊膜的，有羊膜的 *premature de

39、livery n.医早产 premature rupture 提早破裂 membrane n.（羊）膜* infant morbidity 婴儿发病率 mortality mr/taeliti n.死亡率 *genital gonorrhea 牛.殖器淋病 *sexual abuse 性虎待anterior urethra 尿道前部 *accessory aek'seseri n.附件* urethra i gland 尿道腺* bartholin's glands前庭人腺，巴氏腺 *skene's glands女性尿道旁腺 *cervix zse：viks n.解了宫

40、颈 *genital tract 生殖道* prostate 'prrsteit adj.前列腺的 n.前列腺 epididymis epi'didimis n.解附睾,副睾 fallopian fe'loupian输卵管pharyngitis faerin'dsaitis n.医咽炎 oral-ge nital c on tact 口交 *bloodstream n.血流 *disseminate di'semineit v.散布 *disseminated gonococcal infection 散在性淋球菌感染 sequelae si'k

41、wda后遗症,结局 *bacteremic adj.菌血症的 *joint spaces 关节腔 *heart valves心脏瓣膜*meninges mi'nindsirz n.解脑膜，髓膜 *unwittingly adv.不知情地,无意地 *bloody discharge 带血排出物 prostate prrsteit adj.前列腺的 n.前列腺 epididymis epi'didimis n.解附睾，副睾 periurethral perijue'ri:wreladj.尿道周的 *periurethral glands 尿道周腺* recta i infe

42、ction 直肠感染 dysuria disjuarie n.医排尿困难 dyspareunia dispe'rumia n.性交疼痛症 *pelvic pain骨盆疼痛*tenderness 触痛*unusual vaginal bleeding 阴道异常出血 proctitis prrk'taitis n.医直肠炎 *bloody discharge 带血排出物 prostate 'prrsteit adj.前列腺的 n.前列腺 epididymis epi'didimis n.解附睾，副睾 periurethral perijua'riiwralj

43、adj.尿道周的* periurethral glands 尿道周腺* recta i infection 直肠感染 dysuria dis'jueriq n.医排尿困难 dyspareunia disphrumio n.性交疼痛症 *pelvic pain骨盆疼痛*tenderness 触痛*unusual vaginal bleeding 阴道异常出血 proctitis prrk'taitis n.医直肠炎 menses'mensi:zn.生理月经,彳亍经 *intracellular intre'seljule adj.细胞内的 *diplococcus

44、 diplau krkes n.生物双球菌 menstrual zmenstruql adj.生理月经的* uterus zju:t9r9s n.解了宫 salpingitis saelpin'dsaitis n.医输卵管炎 sterility ste'riliti n.不育gram stain革兰氏染色法 *gram culture革兰氏培养 *endocervix子宫颈内膜 oropharynx eure'faerinks n.解口咽 urethra n.解尿道 plate pleit vt.涂于片上 anal zeinei adj.肛门的 anal canal 肛

45、道*thayer-martin media 泰马二氏琼脂*n. gonorrhoeae淋病奈瑟氏菌*fastidious faes'tidies adj.苛求的，（微生物等）需要复杂 营养的*fastidious organism 苛求菌optimal 'rptimal adj.最佳的,最理想的 *transport vt.送检,递送*immu no assay imjun au'aesei n.免疫测定*enzyme immunoassay酶标免疫测定法 *gonococcal antigen 淋球菌抗体二gonozyme *dnaprobe=dna 探针*ureth

46、ral swab 尿道试子*swab swrb n.拖把，药签vt.拭抹，擦洗*be cost effective在费用上比较合算*high risk populations 高危人群 syphilis 'sifilis n.医梅毒 chlamydia kle'midie n.微衣原体 screen skri:n vt 筛检 *prenatal visit 产前检查 high-risk populations f口'j危人群 *have repeat cultures 作重复性培养 *trimester trai'mesta n.三月期 conjunctiva krnd3ank'taiva n.（眼球）结膜 probenecid pra'benasid n.药丙磺舒，竣苯磺丙胺（一 种作用于肾管功能的药物） *renal excretion 肾脏排泄tetracycline tetra'saiklin n.微四环素 ceftriaxone