大学英语之基础英语综合教程第二册Unit-7-exercise-keys

1、Unit 7 Letter to a B StudentVocabularyI 1. essence: inner nature; indispensable quality; the most important part 本质，实质，精髓e.g. His works reflect the essence of fascism. 他的作品反映出法西斯的本质。 2. deadly sins: sins leading to damnation (In Christianity the phrase specifically refers to “the seven sins”: pride,

2、 covetousness, lust, anger, gluttony, envy, and sloth )3. misleading: making you think or act wrongly 误导，误入歧途e.g. He deliberately misled us about the nature of their relationship. 关于他们究竟是什么关系，他故意给我们留下错误印象。 This sentence has misled us into thinking that the answer was wrong. 这句话误使我们认为那个答案是错误的。4. conv

3、entional task: task traditionally required of students 传统任务e.g. This conventional task is so easy that even a pupil can finish it. 这个传统任务是如此简单，甚至小学生都能完成。5. in short supply: far from enough 供给不足，缺乏e.g. The water and food for disaster area is in short supply. 这些水和食物给灾区是远远不够的。Potatoes are in short supp

4、ly because of the bad harvest. 由于收成不好，现在马铃薯供应不足。II 1. define2. irrelevant3. correspond to4. flunked5. rather6. makes a point of7. apt to8. go round III Fill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. His vision was nearly restored to normal after the removal (remove) of the tumor

5、 in his brain. 2. The major issue of the conference was how to cope with the severe consequences resulting from the climatic (climate) changes on our planet. 3. This company is in trouble and the latest plan for its salvation (salvage) has few supporters. 4. It is said in the job ad that those who a

6、pply for the vacancy should have proficiency (proficient) in at least two languages.5. Dont rely on the information she gave you its pure assumption (assume) on her part.推荐精选6. The age of college students normally (norm) ranges from 18 to 22. 7. The governments inaction to curb inflation and unemplo

7、yment caused strong resentment (resent) among the public. 8. The Sichuan earthquake turned out to be the most disastrous (disaster) one the country has witnessed in the past one hundred years. 1. remove v. 消除，除去；脱掉 removable a. 可除去的，可移动的 removal n. 移动，移居；除去e.g. 我们的家已从北京迁到上海。Our home has removed from

8、 Beijing to Shanghai.他脱下帽子表示敬意。He removed his hat as a sign of reverence.2. climate n. 气候；风气 climatic a. 气候上的e.g. 她很快就适应了这种多变的气候。She adapted herself quickly to the changeable climate.3. salvage v. 打捞，抢救 salvageable a. 可抢救的，可打捞的 salvation n. 得救，拯救；赎罪e.g. 房子里没有什么东西可救的了。There is nothing that is salvage

9、able in the building.天气干旱了这么久，这场雨成了农民的救星。After so much dry weather, the rain has been the farmers salvation.4. proficient a. 熟练的，精通的 proficiency n. 熟练，精通e.g. 我可以说对唱歌很在行。Id say I am quite proficient at singing.5. assume v. 假定，设想；承担；认为 assuming conj. 假定，假如 assumption n. 假定，设想e.g. 我以为你能讲流利的英语。I assumed

10、 you could speak English fluently.假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？Assuming that it is true, what should we do now?6. norm n. 标准，规范 normal a. 正常的，正规的 normality n. 常态 normalize v. 使正常，使标准化推荐精选e.g. 过了几天，洪水才退，生活恢复了正常。It was several days before the floodwater sank and life returned to normal. 我们的关系正常了。Our relationship h

11、as been normalized.7. resent v. 憎恨，生气 resentment n. 怨恨，愤恨 resentful a. 不满的 resentfulness n. 怨恨，愤恨e.g. 我非常讨厌别人侵占我的时间。.I bitterly resent the encroachment on my time.他对所受的待遇感到忿恨。He is resentful at the way he has been treated.8. disaster n. 灾难 disastrous a. 灾难性的e.g. 这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。After the disast

12、er there were many who wanted food and shelter.国家的经济形势非常糟糕。The economic condition of the country is disastrous.IV B D C C B D B DV. Give a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. The essence of success is that theres never enough of it to go round in

13、a zero-sum game where one persons winning must be offset by anothers losing Synonym: balanced, compensated2. The level of your proficiency has been determined by your performance of rather conventional tasks Antonym: unconventional3. But they are important: crucially so, because they are always in s

14、hort supply.Antonym: abundant, plentiful4. If you value these characteristics in yourself, you will be valued and far more so than those whose identities are measured only by little marks on a piece of paper.Synonym: evaluated, assessed5. There were a lot of us then: older than the norm, in a hurry

15、to get our degrees and move on Synonym: average6. It is important to recognize that human beings, despite differences in class and educational labeling, are 推荐精选fundamentally hewn from the same material and knit together by common bonds of fear and joy Synonym: essentially, basically7. But these dis

16、tinctions should never be taken seriously in human terms Antonym: lightly, frivolously8. Even in achievement terms, your B label does not mean that you are permanently defined as a B achievement person.Antonym: temporarilyVI Prefix Write in each space one word that has the same prefix as underlined

17、in each given word.1. interfere international _ 2. transcend _ translate 3. circumstances _ circumference 4. neocolonial neoclassical 5. control conform 6. antibiotic antisocial 7. unlock undo 8. outnumber outshine 1. Explanation: inter-: between e.g. interaction, interdependent, interconnect2. Expl

18、anation: trans-: across or beyond e.g. transplant, transform, transatlantic 3. Explanation: circum-: surrounding e.g. circumcision, circumlocution, circumspect4. Explanation: neo-: new, in a later form e.g. neonatal, neo-fascist, neo-Georgian 5. Explanation: con-: strengthen or reinforce e.g. convin

19、ce, constrain, conquer6. Explanation: anti-: opposed to, against e.g. antiwar, antihero, antidote7. Explanation: un-: in verbs that describe the opposite of a process推荐精选 e.g. unfold, unload, unbend, uncut8. Explanation: out-: greater, better, further, etc. e.g. outgrow, outlive, outwitGrammar1. Dis

20、junctA disjunct is a type of adverbial that expresses information that is not considered essential to the sentence it appears in, but which is considered to be the speakers or writers attitude towards, or descriptive statement of, the propositional content of the sentence.More generally, the term di

21、sjunct can be used to refer to any sentence element that is not fully integrated into the clausal structure of the sentence. Such elements usually appear peripherally (at the beginning or end of the sentence) and are set off from the rest of the sentence by a comma (in writing) and a pause (in speec

22、h).e.g. Honestly, I couldnt believe it.Unfortunately, Kim has had to leave us.I Rewrite the following sentences using proper disjuncts. 1. It is hoped that the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.2. It is odd enough that he did not raise any objection to the plan. 3. She was so w

23、ise to spend the money. 4. It is regrettable the book was not well served by its proof-readers. 5. It is strange enough that the burglar should not have taken the diamond away. 6. It is sad that one of the problems with being on public radio is that people tend to think youre being sincere all the t

24、ime. Key: 1. Unfortunately, we have run out of stock.2. Hopefully, the report will go out to shareholders no later than June 1.3. Oddly enough, he did not raise any objection to the plan. 4. Rightly, you returned the money.5. Luckily, this had attracted the attention of TV network executives.6. Fort

25、unately, all went well.7. Strangely enough, the burglar didnt take the diamond away. II 1. It was right that they protested against it. / They were right to have protested against it.推荐精选2. It was foolish that the boy didnt say a single word. / It was foolish of the boy not to say a single word. / T

26、he boy was foolish not to say a single word.3. It was wise that John sent the man away. / It was wise of John to have sent the man away. / John was wise to have sent the man away.4. It was sad that the storm destroyed the entire tobacco crop.5. It was remarkable that Mrs Jensen consulted her lawyer.

27、6. It is regrettable that James refuses to speak.7. It is lucky that my assistant has arranged for the matter to be considered by an ad hoc working party.8. It is hoped that a proposal will be ready in time for our next meeting.III Relative wordsRelative words are used to refer to a noun mentioned b

28、efore and of which we are adding more information. They are used to join two or more sentences in the way we call “relative sentences”. e.g. I know many boys who / that play rugby. The shirt which / that Carl bought has a stain on the pocket. This is the boy whose mother works for the BBC. Barnstapl

29、e has a very old covered market where I bought some lovely old plates. Sunday is the day when people usually dont go to work. If the verb in the relative clause needs a preposition, we usually put it at the end of the clause:e.g. The music which / that Julie listens to is good.Sometimes, the preposi

30、tion can also be placed before the relative pronoun. e.g. My brother met a woman with whom I used to work. It was the stream in which the elephant and the mouse preferred to swim.Notice that we cannot use who or that after a preposition, for the relative pronoun now serves as the object of the prepo

31、sition. Key: 1. which / that, when, by which2. on which3. that4. for whom 5. with whom6. to whom7. of which8. at whichIV. 1. where, where2. what, which3. what 4. why5. where6. When推荐精选7. why8. which, which, whatKey: 1. However2. Whatever3. whatever4. Wherever 5. Whichever6. Whoever 7. However 8. whe

32、never, wheneverTranslationI1. 不管我们的标准是什么，这个标准现在提高了，结果使你对自己没能得到更高的分数而感到失望。2. 由于缺乏更精确的衡量工具，我们至多只能把B看作一个模糊的符号，表示对你掌握某一科目的程度的判断，不过这种判断的准确性很值得怀疑。3. 人的阶段属性和教育背景不尽相同，但凡是人都是血肉之躯，都有同样的恐惧感和欢愉感，同样的痛苦感和成就感，这些共通的感受把他们连为一体；认识到这一点十分重要。4. 然而和你们毕业离校之后将要进入的那片荒蛮无路、起伏跌宕的乡野相比，在校读书就如同一条狭窄坦直、界限分明的公路。III. Translation exerc

33、ises1. 他因急性阑尾炎住院治疗，结果连期末考试都没参加。（with the result that）Translation: He was hospitalized with acute appendicitis, with the result that he missed the final examination. 2. 前来听讲座的人远远超出原来的计划，分发给大家的讲义不够了。（go round）Translation: As many more people came to the lecture than expected, there were not enough han

34、douts to go round. 3. No matter what a long day he may have, he makes a point of checking his e-mail inbox before going to bed.4. Unemployment is found in all countries in the world, but governments vary in their way to handle the problem.5. 第一次来到异国的人往往会感到自己周围的一切既陌生，又有趣。（be apt to）Translation: Anyon

35、e who has come to a foreign country for the first time is apt to find everything around him both strange and interesting. 6. The football fans were very disappointed at the performance of the players of both teams.推荐精选7. 他的话，你得好好想一想，千万不要他说什么就信什么。（take at face value）Translation: Never take what he sa

36、ys at face value. Think it over yourself. 8. The doctors words removed his fears about the operation.Exercises for integrated skills1. DictationProfessors may establish social relationships with students / outside of the classroom, / but in the classroom they maintain the instructors role. / A profe

37、ssor may have coffee one day with students / but the next day expect them to meet a deadline / for the submission of a paper or to be prepared for a discussion or an exam. / The professor may give extra attention outside of class / to a student in need of help / but probably will not treat him or he

38、r differently / when it comes to evaluating schoolwork. / Professors have several roles in relation to students; / they may be counselors and friends as well as teachers. / Students must realize / that when a teachers role changes, / they must appropriately adapt their behavior and attitudes. /2. Cl

39、ozeStudent life at American universities is chaotic during the first week of each quarter or semester. Registering (1) for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buying books, (2) adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone. During this busy period there

40、 is (3) little time for students to anticipate (4) what they will later encounter in the classroom.International students, accustomed to their countries education expectations, must adapt to new classroom norms in a (5) foreign college or university. Whereas in one country prayer may be acceptable i

41、n a classroom, in another it may be (6) forbidden. In some classrooms around the world students must humbly (7) obey their teachers commands and (8) remain absolutely silent during a class period. In (9) others, students may talk, eat, and smoke during lectures as well as criticize a teachers method

42、s or even contradict his or her statements. It is not always (10) easy to understand a new educational system.V Oral activities 1. Giving a talkSuppose you are a B student, and this is disappointing to your parents, who always expect you to be a straight-A student. In a recent English test you got a

43、 B again. Now talk to your parent, exchange ideas about grades with him / her, and try to persuade him / her into believing that while grades do mean something, they are not everything.For reference:You may use the following words or expressions in your talk: norm, repute, put in perspective, take a

44、t face value, be apt to, proficiency, flunk, resent, shift, determine, assumption, successful, indicate, correspond to, represent, measurement tool, be determined by, judgment, make distinctions, achievement推荐精选2. Having a discussionIt is not unusual nowadays that some students who did not do well a

45、t school turn out to be very successful in life after leaving school while some A students are far less successful. Thus some people believe that grades are not as important as they seem. Do you agree or disagree with their opinion? Give three reasons to support yourself. Then form two opposing grou

46、ps to debate the issue.Viewpoints for reference: I agree with their opinion. First, ones grade can mean ones achievement in study but can not represent a judgment of his basic ability or of his character such as courage, virtue, wisdom which are important to ones success. Second, the classification

47、of grade, which is created by man, is not a precise measurement tool to indicate ones overall proficiency. Third, to judge whether a student is excellent or not, we should consider the combination of moral qualities, intellectual ability, physical fitness and aesthetic appreciation. I disagree with

48、their opinion. First, A students tend to get As. Their A grade means that they have successfully completed courses of study with a high level of proficiency, which will lay a solid foundation for their future success. Second, A students characters such as courage, diligence and persistence contribut

49、e to their good performance at school. Those characters are also good cornerstone of their future success. Third, when A students graduate from school, they are more favored by employers and are given more job opportunities with which they may enjoy greater possibility of success.VI Writing Practice

50、Paragraph development ClassificationIn our daily life we are constantly organizing things in one way or another. Classification is the grouping of items into categories according to some consistent principle. Most families of things can be divided or classified according to several different princip

51、les. The key to good classification writing is to use a single rule of division for each part. Classification is done of things that belong to one family, things that have something in common, but the purpose of classification is to compare and contrast them, showing their differences, so that the r

52、eader might have a better understanding of them. Classification is extensively used in technical writing, but the strategy can also be used for nontechnical purposes. Original and interesting classification for rhetorical effect can surprise the readers and capture their attention.Words and expressi

53、ons often used for classification include, among many others, the following: include, comprise, contain, have, be sorted into, be classified into, differ in, be divided into, be a type of, fall under, belong to, be a part of, fit into, be grouped with, and be associated with.Exercises: Write two par

54、agraphs based on the following topic sentences with the classification strategy.1. High school teachers tend to sort their students into the following categories: perpetual studier, average studier, crammer and never studier.Ideas for reference:The perpetual studier studies until really late at nigh

55、t.推荐精选The average studier studies sufficiently but doesnt work more than necessary.The crammer studies only when the threat of taking that class over is very great.Sample:The perpetual studier is a rare breed indeed. They usually write about three pages of notes a day regardless of how much material

56、 the teacher covers. They don t talk to anyone except to answer questions. When a perpetual studier goes home, before he does anything else, he takes out all his books and begins studying for the classes that he has the next day. He studies until really late at night, stopping only once or twice for a quick snack. The majority of students fall into a category called the average studier. This person studies sufficiently but doesnt work more than necessary. When he studies for a test, he will look over the notes taken, reread appropriate pages in the textbook, and study with a fr