同等学力申硕英语翻译写作复习

1、 2012年同等学力申硕英语考试复习-翻译、写作部分introduction (according to the 5th edition)part i translationen-ch (10 points)ch-en (10 points)20 points; 30mspart i translationi. en-ch:5 single sentences/ paragraph/ 5 underlined sentences from a paragraph-80-100wordse.g. overtheyears,wetendtothinkthatnucleartechnologiesa

2、ndthenecessaryknowhowtoensurenuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthatpossibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnonexistentandifitdoeshappen,itwillbecontrolledinthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers.however,realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcantbetoocarefultohandlenuclearenergy.wedontknowforsureye

3、twhatwillbeleftbehindjapansnuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetoreexamineournuclearpracticesandmanymoreeffortsneedtobemadetoensurenuclearsafetyinthefuture. (year 11)part i translationsome issues about translation what translation is?translation -a bilingual and bi-cultural art.what are the

4、criteria for adequate and acceptable translation?faithfulness? smoothness? elegance?literal translation?free translation?part i translation how to translate?-the process of translationunderstandingpresentationchecking structurewordswordingpart i translation how to translate?-the process of translati

5、oni. linguistic problems:analysis of structure “ it is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us - that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion - that we here highly resolve that these dead

6、shall not have died in vain - that this nation, under god, shall have a new birth of freedom - and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.” -the gettysburg addresspart i translationhow to translate?-the process of translationi. linguistic proble

7、ms:analysis of structurefivebasicsentencestructures:1. s+ve.g.therainstopped.2. s+v+sce.g.mysisterisanurse.3. s+v+oe.g.wearelearningenglish.4. s+v+io+doe.g.hermotherboughtheraskirt.5. s+v+o+oce.g.weelectedliyangourmonitor.part i translationhow to translate?-the process of translationi. linguistic pr

8、oblems:analysis of structuresome other issues:parts of speech: e.g. the workers can fish.-chinese version ?relation between words: e.g. the workers went on strike. .-chinese version ? - were, on strike is a state. part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main

9、body of the sentence and clauses!subject clause-what/whatever/whoevere.g.1） what he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression.他此行所见所闻都给他留下深刻的印象。2）it doesnt make difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议没有多大关系。3.it is strange that she should have failed to see her own

10、shortcomings.真奇怪，她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!object/ predicative clause-that/what/howe.g.1） i told him that because of the last condition, id have to turn it down.我告诉他，由于那最后一个条件，我只得谢绝。2）i take it

11、for granted that you will come and talk the matter over with him. 我想你会来跟他谈这件事的。3. what he emphasized over and over again was that, no matter how difficult it might be, they should never give up.他再三强调的就是，不管多么困难，他们绝不应该后退。part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the

12、main body of the sentence and clauses!appositive clause-thate.g.1） he expressed the hope that he would come to visit china again.他（表示）希望再次来中国访问(不提前)。2）it does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay. 延迟应由他负责，这是改变不了的事实（提前）。3. but considered realistically, we had to face the fa

13、ct that our prospects were less than good.但是现实地考虑一下，我们不得不正视这样的事实：我们的前景不妙（可用破折号或增加“即”）。part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what)e.g.1） the people who worked for him lived in mortal

14、fear of him.在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死(定语前置)。2）he managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each. 他居然种出了200个奇迹般的西红柿，每个重达2磅。（后置）3). there were the men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.在那群人中，有些人每天站在那里，站了一个月（溶合）。part i translationskills for translation:a.

15、analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!attributive clause-that/which/who/(除了what)6） the sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor.那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射的路面了(非限制性定语前置)。7）tom turned pale, and asked jack to shut the door, who asked green, who aske

16、d nick, who pretended not to hear. 汤姆脸色变得苍白，要杰克把门关上，杰克叫格林关，格林又叫尼克关，而尼克装着没听见。（后置）8). the men had suddenly awakened to the fact that there were beauty and significance in these trifles, flowers) which they had so long trodden carelessly beneath their feet.这些花以前一直被这些人漫不经心地踩在脚下，现在他们突然意思到这些小玩意的美丽和意义了。par

17、t i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!long sentences: if she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected julia t

18、wenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness .分析：主句一个 ；状从一个；定从三个； 假设状语从句中含定语从句。意思如下几层：1.她早已失去了那蔚蓝色眼睛的、花儿般的魅力，也是掉了她脸儿和身段的冰清玉洁、苗条多姿的气质和苹果花似的颜色；2.26年这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过茱莉亚；3.

19、 在43岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣；4.不过两颊淡淡的有了点斑驳；5.灰蓝色的眼睛也有些饱满了。中文逻辑与原文一致-可按原顺序译。part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!long sentences: if she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, t

20、he apple-blossom coloring which had so swiftly and oddly affected julia twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness .suggested translation: 如果说她早已失去那种玉洁冰清、苗条多姿的气质和那苹果花似

21、的颜色-26年这种花容月貌曾那样迅速而奇妙地影响过茱莉亚-那么在43岁的今天，她依旧是个好看而忠实的伴侣，不过两颊淡淡的有了点斑驳，而灰蓝色的眼睛也有些饱满了。part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltest that are widely used to aid in selecting, classifying,

22、assigning, or promoting students, employees, and military personnelhavebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andevenincongress. part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!thetargetiswrong,forinattacking

23、thetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.theteststhemselvesaremerelytools,withcharacteristicsthatcan be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions.whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitsel

24、fbutlargelyupontheuser. (year 07-4)part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!engineersaredevelopinganewtypeofinternetconnectionthatcouldcarrysomuchdatasoquicklyitmightsurpriseevennetsurfers.thistechnologywouldopenuparouteth

25、roughwhichdatacanbesentatspeedsthousandsoftimesfasterthanwhatspossiblenow. part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!ifallgoestoplan,thevastdataspeedsmaysoonbeavailabletoall.thatmighthelpsolvetheproblemofhowtohandletheenorm

26、ousgrowthininternettraffic.thetechnologywouldrequiresomenewsoftwareandfiber opticlinkstothepc,butotherwisenochangeinbasicfacilities. (year 08-5 sentences)part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure out the main body of the sentence and clauses!overtheyears,wetendtothinkt

27、hatnucleartechnologiesandthenecessaryknowhowtoensurenuclearsafetyhavebeendevelopedtoalevelthatpossibilitiesforanymajornuclearaccidentsarealmostnonexistentandifitdoeshappen,itwillbecontrolledinthecapablehandsofnuclearengineers. part i translationskills for translation:a. analysis of structure-figure

28、out the main body of the sentence and clauses!however,realityhasprovedagainthatyoujustcantbetoocarefultohandlenuclearenergy.wedontknowforsureyetwhatwillbeleftbehindjapansnuclearcrisis,butitwillbecertainthatitistimetoreexamineournuclearpracticesandmanymoreeffortsneedtobemadetoensurenuclearsafetyinthe

29、future. (year 11-3 sentences)part i translationtranslation practice third handsmokeistobaccosmokecontaminationthatlingersincarpets,clothesandothermaterialshoursorevendaysafteracigaretteisputout.accordingtoastudy,alargenumberofpeople,particularlysmokers,havenoideathatthird handsmokeisahealthhazardfor

30、people.ofthe1,500smokersandnonsmokerssurveyed,thevastmajorityagreedthatsecond handsmokeisdangerous.butwhenaskedwhethertheyagreedwiththestatement,“breathingairinaroomtodaywherepeoplesmokedyesterdaycanharmyourhealth,”only65%ofnonsmokersand43%ofsmokersanswered “yes.”(year 09) part i translationtranslat

31、ion practice anecosystemisagroupofanimalsandplantslivinginaspecificregionandinteractingwithoneanotherandwiththeirphysicalenvironment.ecosystemsincludephysicalandchemicalcomponents,suchassoils,water,andnutrientsthatsupporttheorganismslivingthere.theseorganismsmayrangeformlargeanimalstomicroscopicbact

32、eria.ecosystemalsocanbethoughtofastheinteractionsamongallorganismsinagivenarea;forinstance,onespeciesmayserveasfoodforanother.peoplearepartoftheecosystemswheretheyliveandwork.humanactivitiescanharmordestroylocalecosystemsunlessactionssuchaslanddevelopmentforhousingorbusinessesarecarefullyplannedtoco

33、nserveandsustaintheecologyofthearea. (year 10)part i translationskills for translationa. analysis of structurestructure analysis in translation: orderhe had flown in just the day before from beihai where he had spent his vacation basking in the sun after the completion of the construction job he had

34、 been engaged in in harbin.1232part i translationskills for translationa. analysis of structurestructure analysis in translationchinese version:他本来在哈尔滨从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就到北海去度他本来在哈尔滨从事一项建筑工程，任务完成后，他就到北海去度假，享受阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。假，享受阳光，昨天才坐飞机回来。 1232part i translationskills for translationunderstanding of word

35、se.g. lasttry to translate the following sentences1.he is the last man to come2.he is the last man to do it.3. he is the last man for such a job.4. he should be the last man to blame.5 .he is the last man to discuss.6. this is the last place where i expected to meet you.part i translationtranslate f

36、rom chinese to englishstrategies i. find the root of the sentenceii.convert into the ones that you are farmilar withiii.wording by readingpart i translationtranslate from chinese to englishi. find the root of the sentence最近一项调查表明，中国大部分的建筑无论是办公楼还是居民楼，消耗的电资源或水资源比发达国家的同类建筑都要多，例如，北京的居民平均消耗气候类似的德国北部家庭的三倍

37、。中国是资源短缺的国家，我们必须节约资源，才能保证我国经济持续发展。(year 07) asurveymaderecentlyindicatesthatmostofbuildingsinchina,nomatterforofficeorresidentialpurpose,allconsumemoreelectricityandwaterresourcescomparedtothatofforeigncountries.forinstance,energyconsumptionforbeijingresidentsisthreetimesasmuchasthatofthefamiliesinn

38、orthgermanunderthesimilarwhetherconditions.aschinaisanenergyshortagecountry,thereforewechineseshouldsave(economize)resourcessoastoensurethesustainabledevelopmentforchineseeconomy. part i translationtranslate from chinese to englishi. find the root of the sentence当前我国经济发展迅速，能源供应的压力较大，这跟我国当前经济和社会发展所处的

39、阶段不无关系。但是，不管我们处于哪个发展阶段，如果消耗能源过多，就会因此受到惩罚，面临能源匮乏，环境污染和生态破坏等困境。 (year 08) currentlywiththerapiddevelopmentofeconomyinchina,thepressureofenergysupplyiscomparativelyheavy,whichislargelyrelatedtothephaseofsocialandeconomicdevelopment.however,nomatterwhatstagewebelongto,over consumingenergywillputusintoth

40、edilemmaofenergyshortage,environmentpollutionandecologicaldisruptionandwewillbeinevitablypunished. part i translationtranslate from chinese to englishi. find the root of the sentence有朝一日我身为人母，我会带孩子们去野营。我会让他们体验在篝火（campfire）上烧烤食物的乐趣。我会告诉他们，在草地上睡觉并不脏。我会让他们知道，天上的星星不止是童话故事的素材，还有实际的用途，例如可以为迷路的人指引方向。这样的户外活

41、动也是一种教育。 (year 09) ifeveribecomeaparent,iwillbringmychildrencamping.iwillletthemenjoythefunofbarbecuingoveracampfire.iwillteachthemthatthereisnothingdirtyaboutsleepingonthegrass.iwillletthemknowthatstarsintheskyarenotonlystuffinfairytales,butalsoofpracticaluse,suchasguidingthosewhogetlost.suchoutdoo

42、ractivityisalsoakindofeducation. part i translationtranslate from chinese to englishi. find the root of the sentence全球化作为一种新的经济和社会发展趋势，给中国带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。一方面，中国正成为世界制造业中心并在国际舞台上发挥着日益重要的作用；另一方面，我们也面临着如何在全球化进程中既要发展经济，又能传承优秀文化传统的问题。 (year 10) asaneweconomicandsocialtreads,globalizationhasbroughtchinaoppor

43、tunitiesandchallengesaswell.ontheonehand,chinaisontheroadtobecometheworldsmanufacturingcenterandplayinganincreasinglysignificantroleintheinternationalarena;ontheotherhand,wearefacedwiththeproblemthathownotonlyshouldtheeconomyisbeingdeveloped,butalsotheoutstandingculturaltraditionscanbepassedoninthep

44、rocessofglobalization. part i translationtranslate from chinese to englishi. find the root of the sentence中国有着5000年的文化传统，历经劫波而生生不息，我们一定要充分发扬祖国的文化传统。同时我们也懂得，要学习和借鉴世界先进的文明。只有这样，才能使祖国的文化得到进一步发展，也就是我常说的，只有开放包容，才能使祖国强大。 (year 11) chinahas5000yearsofculturaltradition.havingundergonevarioushardships,thecou

45、ntrystillmaintainsitsvitalitygenerationaftergeneration.itisimperativeforustofullyadvanceourmotherlandsculturalheritageaswellastolearnfromcivilizationsoftheworld.onlyinthiswaycanourmotherlandmakefurtherdevelopment.inotherwords,preservingourtraditionalcultureswhilebeingopenandtolerantwillmakeourcountr

46、ymoreprosperous. part ii writing（2011.11.12） introduction15 points,time limitation: within 30 minutesrequirement: at least 150 wordstypes: outline, chart, picture, comments after reading.notes: paper i: 65%，paper ii: 35%；试卷二得分低于试卷二得分低于18分者，无论试卷一得分多少，分者，无论试卷一得分多少，均为不及格。均为不及格。part ii writinghow to wri

47、te? ab c df k ltagreementbriefcoherencedevelopmentunitykeylogicalthemefigures writing strategies neat, clean writingsentence patterns-both positive and negativekeeping to the point, topicsimplicity or complexitywords checking3 paragraph15 sentenceskey sentences-each paragraphdevelop .learn to conclu

48、de1 对立观点式 a有人认为x 是好事，赞成x， 为什么？ b 有人认为x 是坏事， 反对x，为什么？ c我的看法。 some people are in favor of the idea of doing x. they point out the fact that 支持x 的第一个原因。they also argue that 支持x 的另一个原因。 however, other people stand on a different ground. they consider it harmful to do x. they firmly point out that 反对x 的第

49、一个理由。 an example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。 there is some truth in both arguments. but i think the advantages of x overweigh the disadvantages. in addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, x also may x 的有一个坏处。 model one 提纲式作文提纲式作文 2 批驳观点式 a一个错误观点。 b 我不同

50、意。 many people argue that 错误观点。by saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。an example they have presented is that 一个例子。（according to a survey performed by x on a group of y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响）。 there might be some element of truth in these peoples belief. but if we consider it in de

51、pth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。there are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)。 model one 提纲式作文提纲式作文 3 社会问题（现象）式 a一个社会问题或者现象。 b 产生的原因 c对社会和我们生活的影响 d 如何杜绝。（如果是问题的话） e 前景的预测。 nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental prob

52、lem. (x has increasingly become a common concern of the public). according to a survey, 调查内容说明这种现象的情况。（或者是一个例子）。 there are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon. 下面参照辩论式议论文的写法。 x has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated（表达） in the foll

53、owing aspects. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 a dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent x from bringing us more harm. 参照辩论式议论文的写法。 based on the above discussions, i can easily forecast that more and more people will . model one 提纲式作文提纲式作文 it is obvious in the graph/table that the rate/number/amount of y has

54、 undergone dramatic changes. it has gone up/grown/fallen/dropped considerably in recent years (as x varies). at the point of （接近）x1, y reaches its peak value of (多少). what is the reason for this change? mainly there are (多少) reasons behind the situation reflected in the graphic/table. first of all,

55、(第一个原因). more importantly, (第二个原因). most important of all, (第三个原因). from the above discussions, we have enough reason to predict what will happen in the near future. the trend described in the graph/table will continue for quite a long time (if necessary measures are not taken括号里的使用于那些不太好的变化趋势).mode

56、l two 图表式作文图表式作文 模版1 some people believe (argue, recognize, think) that 观点1. but other people take an opposite side. they firmly believe that 观点2. as for me, i agree to the former/latter idea. there are a dozen of reasons behind my belief. first of all, 论据1. more importantly, 论据2. most important of

57、all, 论据3. in summary, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测. model two 辩论式议论文辩论式议论文 模版2 people hold different views about x. some people are of the opinion that 观点1, while others point out that 观点2. as far as i am concerned, the former/latter opinion

58、holds more weight. for one thing, 论据1. for another, 论据2. last but not the least, 论据3. to conclude, 总结观点. as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测. model two 辩论式议论文辩论式议论文 模版3there is no consensus knsenss 一致of opinions among people about x（争论的焦点）。some people are

59、 of the view that 观点1，while others take an opposite side, firmly believing that 观点2。as far as i am concerned, the former/latter notion（观念） is preferable in many senses. the reasons are obvious. first of all, 论据1。 furthermore, 论据2。among all of the supporting evidences, one is the strongest. that is,

60、论据3。 a natural conclusion from the above discussion is that总结观点。 as a college student, i am supposed to 表决心. 或 from above, we can predict that 预测 model two 辩论式议论文辩论式议论文sample analysismy view on donating blood peoples ideas about donating blood vary from person to person. some people think that it is