定语从句(五)

1、专题 3 定语从句一 . 概念 :1. 相当于形容词 ,在句子中修饰名词或代词 , 定语从句在句中充当定语.2 .定语从句必须有先行词, 并尽量靠近先行词 .3 .在定语从句中, 关系词在从句中充当成分.二 . 先行词 :被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词 . 先行词一般是名词和不定代词 (all, none,any, some, nothing, everything). 数词和人称代词也可作先行词 .1. 先行词在从句中作主语时 , 从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定.e.g. this is the place which worth visiting.(be)these are the place

2、s which worth visiting.(be)2. 先行词在从句中充当了成分,所以在从句不能重复.e.g. there are many places that we can visit (them) in china.三 . 关系词 : 引导定语从句的那个词叫关系代词 / 关系副词 .关系代词 :指人 : who, whom, whose, that, as指物 : that, which , as , whose关系代词在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语,whose作定语(whose+ noun)1. the people i met at the party were from en

3、gland.2. this is the school we all want to go to.3. can you pass the book cover is red.4. do you know the manspoke at the meeting?5. i know the manyou mean.s father.6. the stranger dr. jonson is speaking to is the dead boy7. it sounds like a trainwas going under the my house.8. the car my uncle just

4、 bought was destroyed in the accident.关系副词 : when, where, why关系副词在定语从句中作状语1. i still remember the day when i first came to beijing.2. we ll never forget the year when we were born.3. this is the house where we lived last year.4. the factory where his father works is in the west of the city.5. the re

5、ason why he said this is quite clear.?难点1. 关系代词和关系副词的区别1. i ll never forget the da_yi joined the army.i can t forget the five days i spent in beijing .2. our village is at the foot of a hill there is a temple at the top of it.our village is at the foot of a hillis very lonely.3. please tell me the r

6、eason you are late.have you asked her for the reason may explain her mistakes?难点2.关系副词和关系代词的转化1. i know a wood where you can find wild strawberries.=i know a wood you can find wild strawberries.2. i can still remember the day when i was born.=i can still remember the day i was born.3. the reason why

7、 he didn't come was not clear.=the reason he didn ' t come was not clear.汪思：a.在定语从句中，关系副词when和where都可以转化成prep.+which,介词的选 择取决于它和先行词的搭配b.关系副词why只能转化成for+ which难点3. whose的转化1) he lives in a big house whose windows are very old.=he lives in a big house are very old.2) i can ' t work out the

8、 math problem whosswer seemed quite strange.=i can ' t work out the math problem seemed quite strange.3) she is the student father is a ceo比较：(1)we live in the room,window faces the north.(2) we live in the room,the window faces the north.(3) we live in the room,faces the north.a. which b. whose

9、 c. of which d. the window of which在 whose表示物时，whose可以转化成the+noun+of+which的形式， 但whose表示人时则不可以。难点4. way后面的定语从句1 .they are trying to find a way can help us study better2 .he' s explaining a new way we are interested in.3 . i don ' t like the way you talk. way后面的两种定语从句：1)way在定语从句中起名词的作用，担任主语或宾语

10、，用that/which弓i导.2)way在定语从句中起副词的作用，担任状语，表示in the way的意思可以用that/in which引导，或干脆都不用。难点5.以as引导的定语从句1)as引导的限制性定语从句当先行词有 the same , such, as, s形饰时，要用 as代替 who(m), which 或 that 引导定语从句：1. i want to buy the same book as you bought yesterday.2. it is such an interesting story as i have never heard before.3. he

11、 will marry as pretty _as a girl as he can find.?比较如下两个句子? it is such an interesting story i have never heard before.? it is such an interesting story i have never heard it before.2) as引导的非限制性定语从句与 which引导的非限制性定语从句的异同as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前面，插在主句中间或放在主句末尾；而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面。as引导的从句有“正如"，“正像

12、”之意，而which则无此意，常译为“这一点”。e.g.1 .as anybody can see, the elephant is like a snake.=the elephant, as anybody can see, is like a snake.=the elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.2 .mary was late again, which made the teacher angry as 常用句型有：as we all know, as is known to all, as everybody can see,

13、as is expected选择填空：1. was natural, he married jenny.a. which b. that c. this d. as2. such signs we use in the experiment greek letters.a. as, are b. as, is c. that, are d. that, is3. i passed him a large glass of whisky,he drank immediately.a. thatb. asc. whichd. who4. she is very good at dance,ever

14、ybody knows.a. thatb. whichc. whod. as5. li ming was late for school again,made mr. zhang very angry.a. itb. whichc. whatd. as6. has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.a. which b. whatc. thatd. as7. you know,we expected, li ming was late for school again.a. itb. whichc. whatd. as难点6.不是地

15、点胜是“地点”point, situation, case, activity, job, race, business, scenes, 从表面上看它彳门不是表 地点的，但却表示类似地点的意义，因此它们作先行词时，如果引导词在从句中 作状语，那么这个引导词要用 where；如果不作状语，则用关系词that/which.1. they have reached a point in my life i am supposed to make decisions ofmy own.2. now there is just one point i wish you make quite clear

16、.3. it s helpful to put children in a situation they can see themselves differently.a. that b. when c. which d. where3. - what do you think of teaching, bob?- i find it fun and challenging. it is a job you are doing something seriousbut interesting.a. where b. which c. when d. that难点 8. 从句中的谓语问题1. a

17、 teacher is a person who at school.(teach)2. it sounded like a train thatgoing under my home. (be)3. i, whoyour friend, will try my best to help you. (be)4. he is one of the students who english. (like)5. he is the only one of the students who the piano well (play) 关系代词 who, that, which 在从句中作主语时，从句谓

18、语动词的人称和数与其所修饰的先行词必须一致。注意 : 修饰物时关系代词只用 that 不用 which1)先行词是不定代词或有不定代词修饰时all, no, none, everything, something, anything, much, little every, some, one of, any, few 等；e.g. 1.this is all that i know about the matter.2. is there anything else that you require?2)先行词前有序数词(the first 形容词最高级(the best),the last

19、, the same, the only 等；3. the last place that we visited was the great wall.3)如果先行词中既含有表示人的名词又有表示物的名词时；4. he talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly inthe school.4)若主句中有疑问代词who 或者 which ，为了避免重复, 关系代词不要再用who, which ，而用that。5. which of the planes is the one that flies to london?5

20、) 当先行词在从句和主句中都作表语时，无论先行词时任还是物；6. china is no longer the country that he was.修饰人时只用 who 不用 that 的场合；先行词是指人的不定代词时： one, anyone, no one, all, nobody, anybody, none, those, peoplee.g. people all like those who have good manners.只用which不用that的场合；1).关系代词前有介词时i ' ll never forget the dayn which i joined the league.2)引导非限制性定语从句时football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.3)先行词本身是that时what s that which flashed in the sky just now?4)先行词后有插入语时here is the english grammar book which, as ive told yo