物流管理+电子商务+配送运输 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献

1、logistics is referred to the article flow, but not including the flow of the people.daskin defined logistics as the design and operation of physical, managerial and informational systems needed to overcome time and space. the concept of article in logistics includes tangible goods and intangible ser

2、vice, such as customer service, freight agents and logistics network design. three major functions of logistics (1) creating time value: same goods can be valued different at different times. goods often stop during the transfer process, which is professionally called the storage of logistics. it cr

3、eates the time value for goods. (2) creating location value: same goods can be valued differently at different locations. the value added during the transfer process is the location value of logistics. (3) distribution processing value: sometimes logistics create distribution processing value, which

4、 changes the length, thickness and packages of the goods. like popular saying, “ cutting into smaller parts” is the most commonly seen distribution processing within logistics create added value for goods. after completing a commercial transaction, logistics will execute the transfer of goods from t

5、he supplier( seller) to the customer( buyer) in the most cost-effective manner. this is the definition of logistics. during the transfer process, hardware such as logistics facilities and equipment( logistics carriers) are needed, as well as information control and standardization. in addition, supp

6、orts from the government and logistics association should be in place. logistics is a new commercial area, developing from the traditional stage to a modern one. logistics is changing at a rapid and acceleration rate. there are two reasons are its rapid growth: firstly, pressure to change by the dev

7、elopment of the system itself (1) highspeed computing and data transmission can instantly transmit and react to user demand (2) more flexible and accurate logistic planning and control through computers and data processing (3) flexible computer facilities help problem solving and increase decisions

8、accuracy (4) awareness of total cost measurement and management accounting secondly, pressures for changes from the wider economy. (1) be flexible in handling markets of different sizes for better competition (2) there is increasing specialization in markets and growth in retailing. (3) life cycles

9、for products are shortening. logistics systems need to be more efficient, faster and more flexible (4) move from mass production towards flexible manufacturing system( fms). these systems enable a company to switch production quickly from one product to another (5) competitive pressures lead to more

10、 efforts to improve customer service. information technologies are most important for modern logistics. bar code, pos, edi and gps systems dramatically improve the efficiency and accuracy of the logistics activities. internet further assists the market development, operation and management of the lo

11、gistics industry.the 21st century is the era of information ,and e-commerce will become a development trend of commercial activity in this period . our country , as a developing chuntry , is just at the early-stage in the e-business field .the e-business has wide development space and huge market po

12、tential . logistics delivery in e-business can not only reduce industrial storage, accelerate funds revolvling, increase logistics efficiency, decrease logistics cost, but also it can stimulate social demand. it is propitious to whole social  macroscopical control and it can gain whole social e

13、conomical benefits, hasten the development of e-business in depth.but under the rapid development there are also some problems exsit ,including the internet technology, online payment, policies and regulations, logistics and so on .and logistics is a 'bottleneck' problem that immediately res

14、tricted the development of the e-business in our country . in the logistics information system, edi plays the most important role.the revolution of information started with the introduction of the personal computer, followed by the optical fiber network, the explosion of the internet and the world w

15、ide web. internet assists market development, operational planning and management decisions in the logistics industry. electronic commerce (ec) is the tool to be used to make deal between the seller and buyer by internet in a paperless environment.electronic data interchange (edi) refer to a compute

16、r-to-computer information sharing of business documents in a standard format. edi is widely applied in the field of commerce with the legal effect. virtual logistics is based on logistics network, but more computerized and systematized than logistics operation. logistics information system can be ma

17、de up by three parts: inputs by terminal, data managed by cpu, the outputs managed by optical fiber. virtual warehousing is not real logistics network but an information network based on warehouse management. intranet is the internal network within an organization that promotes sharing of internal c

18、ompany related information, using similar technology as the internetb2c is the internet commerce designed for direct communications and commercial relationship between a firm and its end customer.with the development of network and electronic technology, logistics distribution has become the bottlen

19、eck of the e-commerce increasingly.the logistics distribution have important functions in b2c e-commerce, there are three existing loistics distribution models ,and the advantages and dissadcantages of the three models.in the circumstance of fixed sell quantity,if the scale of the logistics distribu

20、tion gets larger, the cost will be lower.the need for outsourcing creates third party logistics. third party logistics refers to specialized logistics service providers that provide specific services for suppliers and customers.third part logistics provides all the logistics services. they act as a

21、bridge or facilitator between the first part( supplier or producer) and the second part( buyer or customer). the primary objectives of third part logistics providers are to lower the total cost of logistics for the supplier and improve the service level to the customer. third part logistics have bee

22、n growing rapidly. cost reduction and demands for batter and cheaper services are the main drives behind the growth. a third part logistics provider will be in a position to consolidate business from several companies and offer frequent pickups and deliveries, whereas inhouse transportation cannot.

23、other reasons are as follows: the company does not specialize in logistics; the company does not have sufficient resources; eager to implement better logistics operation or does not have time to develop the required capabilities inhouse;the company is venturing into a new business with totally diffe

24、rent logistics requirements; merger or acquisition may make outsourcing logistics operations more attractive than to integrate logistics operations.costs for logistics are similar to all other businesses and include fixed cost, variable cost and management cost.transport does not need to change pack

25、ages of goods or stop in any place between the departure point and destination location.transportation creates location value in logistics. transportation is usually the biggest logistic costs for most companies.the primary factor to influence transport cost is distance and competition.there are thr

26、ee kinds of freight in transport: full-car load, less-than-truck load and container. transportation using multiple transportation means is also called combined transport. grouping small shipment into large ones is the primary method to lower cost per unit of weight in transportation.factors influenc

27、ing transportation costs as transportation cost can be significant, the firm must identify and control the factors that affect these costs. in general, factors influencing transportation costs can be grouped into two major categoriesproduct related factors and marketrelated factors. factors to influ

28、ence the cost of transportation can be grouped into the categories: (1) transport distances; (2) transport linkages; (3) transport equipment, and (4) transport time. important marketrelated factors also affect transportation costs. the most significant ones include: (1) competition from different ca

29、rriers; (2) location of markets; (3) government regulation of transportation carriers; (4) freight traffic in a region; (5) seasonality of product movements; and (6) whether the product is being transported domestically or internationally. each of these factors will affect the overall transportation

30、 costs. logistics system includes customer service, packaging, transportation, storage, distribution processing and information control. a standarized logistic system ensures better time management, location choices and distribution capacities.distribution is one of functions in logistics, which del

31、iver goods to customers directly according to the order in the most economic way. distribution includes logistics activities related to the sales and delivery of goods. distribution capacity is value added in the logistic system. distribution center is a large and highly automated multi-store buildi

32、ng destined to receive goods from various suppliers, take orders, fill them in container efficiently, deliver goods to the customer as quickly and satisfyingly as possible.distribution center is a short-term storage center located close to a major market to facilitate the rapid processing of orders

33、and shipment of goods to customers. the national distribution center is linked to the metropolitans outer expressway, providing easy access to and from key ports, roads and other distribution channels for importers. the regional distribution center provides customized solution for supply chain manag

34、ement, warehousing and sea, air freight transport in the international logistics market. the distribution centers focus on maximizing the profit impact of fulfilling customer delivery requirement and distribution processing.storage is a process in which goods are stored, protected and managed. every

35、 manufacturer and wholesaler need inventory.goods that are stored in warehouses for distribution and sales are called inventory. warehouse rental represent a very significant proportion of total warehouse cost. goods handling may account for only 50% of the direct labor cost in warehouse and 70% in

36、distribution center.the size of warehouses are determined by the needs of the customer groups, such as their inventory level planning.cycle stock is the maximum inventory based on the maximum needs. safe stock refers to minimum inventory level given the forecasted market demand. the average time whe

37、n the goods is moved in and out of warehouse is inventory cycle time. inventory control is the method to keep the best inventory level and position with the minimum cost to satisfy the demand. when the inventory is reduced to a specific level, purchase for new parts and material will start. it is ca

38、lled the order point system. zero stock is the best way for inventory control. zero stock is means zero inventory.物流是指物品流动，不包括人的流动。物流中，物品的概念包括有形的货物和无形的服务，如客户服务、货运代理及物流网络设计。物流的三大主要功能 (1)创造时间价值:同种商品因所处时间的不同而有着不同的价值。在商品流转过程中,往往会处于某种停滞的状态,物流的专业术语就称之为储存。储存创造了商品的时间价值。 (2)创造场所价值: 同种商品因所处位置的不同而有着不同的价值。这种因商品

39、流转过程中而产生的附加增值称之为物流的场所价值。 (3) 同配送加工价值:有时,物流活动也能创造配送加工价值,这种物流加工主要改变商品的长度、厚度和包装形态。物流中经常提到的“分割成更小的部分”就是配送加工中最为常见的形式。大多数物流加工都能创造商品的附加价值。在完成商业交易之后,物流将以最低成本和最高效益的方式执行将商品从供应商(卖方)流转到顾客(买方)的过程。这就是物流的定义。在物流过程中,既需要诸如物流设施和设备(物流运输工具等)的硬件,也需要对物流实施信息化管理进行物流标准化。此外,政府和物流组织的支持也不可或缺。物流作为新兴的商务领域,经历了从传统物流向现代物流发展的阶段。物流正以高

40、速改变着。其高速增长原因有二: 第一,因自身系统的发展而被迫变革 (1)高速计算机系统和数据交换系统能持续地对用户需求实行流转和操作 (2)通过计算机和数据加工能实现更加灵活的精确的物流计划和管理 (3)柔性计算机设施有助于问题的解决和提高决策的精确度 (4)对整体成本衡量和财务管理的清醒认识 第二,来自范围经济变革的压力。 (1)为了谋求更大竞争力,对于不同规模市场的处理需要有灵活性 (2)市场规格和零售增长的大幅度提升 (3) 产品的生产周期缩短。物流系统就要更高效、更快、更灵活 (4) 从规模生产转向柔性生产系统(fms) 。这些系统能使企业从一种产品的生产迅速转向另一种产品的生产 (5

41、)竞争的压力导致企业更加努力地提高客户服务水平。 信息技术在现代物流中尤其重要。条形码、销售时点系统、电子数据传输系统、全球卫星定位系统的使用,极大地提高了物流活动的效率和精确程度。而互联网更加有助于物流管理的市场开发、运营和管理。21世纪是信息时代，而电子商务将成为这个时代中商务活动发展趋势。我国作为一个电子商务刚刚起步的发展中国家，电子商务具有广阔的发展空间和巨大的市场潜力，电子商务下的物流配送既有利于减少生产企业库存，加速资金周转，提高物流效率，降低物流成本，又刺激了社会需求，有利于整个社会的宏观调控，促进市场经济的健康运行及电子商务向纵深发展。但是在高速发展的同时也存在一些问题，包括网

42、络技术、网上支付、政策法规、物流配送等，而物流是其中直接制约我国电子商务发展的“瓶颈”问题。在物流信息系统，电子数据交换起着至关重要的作用。信息革命来源于个人计算机的普及，及其后的光纤网络，因特网和万维网的爆炸性发展。互联网有助于物流业的市场发展，业务规划和管理决策。电子商务（ec）是一种工具，用于使卖方和买方在无纸化环境下通过互联网络形成交易。电子数据交换（edi）是指商业文件的计算机到计算机信息交流的标准格式。edi广泛应用于商业领域，具有法律效力。物流信息系统可以由三个部分组成：终端输入，cpu管理的数据，光纤管理的输出。虚拟物流基于物流网络，但比物流运作更计算机化、系统化。虚拟仓储不是真正的物流网络，而是基于仓库管理的信息网络。内联网是指一个组织的内部网络，利用类似互联网的技术，旨在促进公司内部相关信息的共享。b2c是指互联网电子商务，为企业和它的最终客户之间的直接沟通和商业关系而设计。随着网络及电子技术的不断发展，物流配送日益成为电子商务发展的瓶颈，物流配送在b2c电子商务中的有着重要作用， b2c现有的三种物流配送模式，即自建物流配送体系，第三方物流模式和中国邮政服务模式，三种模式各有利弊，在销售量既定的情况下，物流配送的规模越大成本则相对越低。而外包的需求则催生第