大一《希腊罗马神话》期末复习(英文)16页

1、希腊罗马神话复习1 单选（课文）10分2 判断（课文）10分3 表格（默写）20分GreekRomanRole in MythologyAphroditeVenusGoddess of beauty, sexual desire. (RM: goddess of gardens and fields .)ApolloApolloGod of prophecy,medicine and archery(late Greek/RM:god of sun)AresMarsGod of warArtemisDianaGoddess of the hunt(late Greek/RM:goddess o

2、f moon)AsclepiusAesculapiusGod of medicineAthenaMinervaGoddess of arts and crafts and war;helper of heroes(late Greek/Rm: goddess of wisdom)CronusSarturnGod of the sky;ruler of the Titans(RM:goddess of agriculture)DemeterCeresGoddess of grainDionysusBacchusGod of wine and vegetationErosCupidGod of l

3、oveGaeaTellusMother EarthHadesPlutoGod of the underworld; lord of the deadHephaestusVulcanGod of fire; blacksmith of the godsHeraJunoGoddess of marriage and childbirth;protector of married women; queen of the godsHermesMercuryMessengers of the gods; protector of travelers, thieves, and merchantsHest

4、iaVestaGuardian of the homePoseidonNeptuneGod of the sea and earthquakesRheaOpsWife of Cronus/Sarturn; Mother GoddessUranusUranusGod of the sky; father of the TitansZeusJupiterRuler of the gods4 名词解释（课后）20分C11.delphic: It relates to Delphi.It means ambiguous.2.Olypian: It relates to Olympian Gods.It

5、 means that some one is like a god,especially by being calm and not concerned about ordinary things.3.martial: It relates to Mars.It means something connected with war and fighting.4.nemesis: It relates to Nemesis.It means a punishment that is deserved and cannot be avoided.5.titanic:I t relates to

6、Titans.It means something big ,strong and powerful.C21.Junoesque:It relates to Juno.It means someone is elegant and beautiful like Juno.2.Argus-eyed:It relates to Argus.It means someone is watchful and alert.3.satyr/satyriasis:It relates to Satyr.It means someone that has an abnormally intense sexua

7、l desire in men.4.mercurial:It relates to Mercury.It means having feelings that change suddenly and without warning.C41. chaotic:It relates to Chaos.It means messy and disorder.2. Pandoras box:It relates to Pandora. It means the root of troubles.3. Promethean:It relates to Prometheus.It means a pers

8、on who resembles Prometheus.C61.Dionysiac:It relates to Dionysus.It means Sensuality, debauchery, and revelry.C71. Midas/asss ears:It relates to Midas.It means A secret that cannot be hid.It also menas someone is shallow and uninformed.2. Midas/the golden touch:It relates to Midas.It means touching

9、a stone and turning it into gold.3. cut the Gordian knot:It relates to Alexander.It means solving a complex problem with a bold strike.C81. cereal:It relates to Ceres.It means grains.2. aureole:It relates to Aurora.It means a bright circle of light.C91.Charons boat/ferry:It relates to Charon.It mean

10、s some one is going to die.2.cross the Styx:It means some one is going to die.C121. gain/reap/win（ones）laurels: It relates to Daphne. It means gaining ones honors.2. Look to ones laurels:It relates to Daphne.It means to work hard in order not to lose the achievement.3. rest/repose/retire/sit(back)on

11、 ones laurels: It relates to Daphne.It means to satisfy with what you have achieved and stop trying.4. a Noble/poet laureate:It relates to Daphne.It means to be a noble price winner.C131. cupidity: It relates to Cupid.It means a very strong desire for something.2. erotic:It relates to Eros.It means

12、sexual excitement.C141. Aphrodites girdle:It relates to Aphrodite.It means unlimited female sexuality.2. adonis:It relates to Adonis.It means some one is a handsome young man.C161. Narcissism:It relates to Narcissus.It means the habit of always thinking about yourself and admiring yourself.C171. Pyg

13、malion effect:It relates to Pygmalion. It is a phenomenon in which the greater the expectation placed upon people ,the better they perform.C181. atlantean:It relates to Atalanta. It means strong ,powerful and gigantic.2. Mount ones Pegasus: It relates to Pegasus.It means to write a poem.3. a chimera

14、 in ones brain: It relates to Perseus.It means the fantasy in ones mind.C201. the choice of Heracles: It relates to Heracles.It means some one is in a dilemma.2. Cleanse the Augean Stable:It relates to Augeas.It means to remove something totally.3. Herculean effort:It relates to Hercules.It means gr

15、eat effort.C211. sow dragons teeth: It means to provoke war by spreading dispute;or cultivate warriors or monster.2. a Cadmean/Pyrrhic victory:It relates to Cadmus.It means a victory that comes at a great cost.C221. sphinx riddle:It relates to Sphinx.It means a puzzle which is very difficult to solv

16、e.C241. the apple of discord: It means the root of the trouble and any subject of possible of contention or disagreement.2. Achillesheel:It relates to Achilles.It means a weak point in something that is otherwise perfect.3. hector: It relates to Hector.It means to intimidate or dominate

17、60;in a blustering way.4. Achilles and Patroclus:It relates to Achilles and Patroclus.It means male friendship, a heroic friendship.5. Fight like a Trojan:It means to fight with great determination.6. Sulky like Achilles in his tent: It relates to Achilles.It means sulky.7. a Trojan h

18、orse:It means the hidden danger.8. Myrmidon: It means a faithful follower who carries out orders without question.9. Helen of Trojan:It relates to Helen.It means the root of war; a beauty who ruins her country;a terrible disaster brought by somebody or something you like best.10. Greek gift:It means

19、 a gift with evil purpose of the enemy; a gift to murder.5 简答题 20分C11. What did the ancient Greeks know about their world?The Greeks believed the earth to be flat and circular,their own country occupying the middle of it,the central point being either Mount Olympus,The earth is divided into two equa

20、l parts by the Sea.Around the earth flowed the River Ocean.2. To which place were mortals favored by the gods taken when they died?The Aethiopians.3. How did Zeus divide the rule of the world with his brother?Zeuss portion was the heavens,Poseidons the ocean and Hadess the realms of the dead.4. How

21、was Venus married off to Vulcan?Jupiter gave her to Vulcan, in gratitude for the service he had rendered in forging thunderbolts.5. How did the Fates mete out human destiny?The three goddesses were assigned distinct task:Clotho spun the “thread” of human fate,Lachesis dispensed it and Atropos cut it

22、.C21. What was Zeus usual way of hiding his scandals?He raised a cloud to hide some of his doings that would not bear the light and He turned the girl into an animal.2. How did the musical instrument “panpipe” come into being?Pan fell in love with A nymph called Syrinx,who was a faithful worshipper

23、of Artemis.He chased her to the bank of river .With the water nymphs help,Syrinx was turned into reeds.Pan was so sad and he made an instrument with the reeds,which called Syrinx.And that is the panpipe.3. How can you account for Zeuss promiscuity?The promiscuity of Zeus serves more than entertainin

24、g purposes.It is out of political purpose.Men have a powerful ability to reproduce in order to reproduce more offspring, . For most of the people in the world flows his blood, is one of the methods can have more faithful follows.And the number of the faithful follows decide whether his regime is fir

25、m.C41. What was the direct cause of Prometheus obtaining fire for man?When Epimetheus created man ,he had nothing left for him.2. What attitude toward women is shown through the story of Pandora?The story shows the ancient Greeks thought women were inferior and affiliated to men,and they were the ro

26、ot evil and trouble.3. Which age of man applies to our own age?Please elaborate.I think we are in the Iron Age.People work day and night and mans character is more complex,though mixed with kindness, but more evil.Human wants to rule everything.People no longer trust each other.Married people do not

27、 love each other.Vows are regarded as dust.Kindness and justice are no longer seen as the norm of conduct, but merely violence.4. How is the first woman often described as a “lovely evil”?How does she compare with Eve in the Book of Genesis?Pandora is described as a “lovely evil” because she was the

28、 most beautiful and sweetest woman,but she opened box and made many evil things free.Both Pandora and Eve are beauties.They are also described as the root of troubles to take the blame for the male society.But they were created out of different purpose.Pandora was created as the cost of Prometheus s

29、tealing the fire for man.She symbolizes a great temptation and human misery.Eve is inferior and affiliated to the man and just like a slave and she was created to help man.5. Why did Zeus try to withhold fire from human beings?nBecause fire is a symbol for technology and civilization. A basic&#

30、160;distinction in myth between raw & cooked and wild & civilized. As a revenge for Prometheus' earlier theft of the finest sacrificial portions. By withholding fire,&#

31、160;Zeus makes the division of the sacrifice impracticable. The humiliation of Zeus prompted him to take the extreme measure of withholding fire from mankind, without which

32、60;man would soon be little more than animals. C61. What led to Bacchus wanderings?Bacchus invented how to plant grapes and brew wine. He was wandering around and spread this kind&

33、#160;of knowledge to bring people the joy of drinking.C71. How did Midas acquire the power of turning everything to gold?Because Midas rescued Bacchuss teacher, Slilenus, and treated him hospitably, entertaining

34、0;him for ten days and nights with an unceasing round of jollity. In return, Bacchus gave him thepower of turning everything to gold.C81. What made Hades fall in love with Proserpine?As 

35、;signs of womanly beauty began to shine along side her childlike innocence, the adolescent goddess Persephone unwittingly attracted the attention of the Greek god Hades. 2. Wh

36、y was Venus displeased with Athena,Diana,and Proserpine?Because she thought all of them looked down upon the power of her and her son.3. What prevented Proserpines freedom from the Underworld?Three pomegranate.4. From what aspects can the Demeter myth be interpreted?Change of seasonsC91. Where are t

37、he different ghosts conveyed in the underworld?The evil ghosts will be sent to Tartarus.The virtuous ghosts will be sent to Elysium.2. Describe the difference between Elysium and Tartarus and the situation of their respective inhabitants?Elysium ,ruled over by Cronus, lies near Hades dominions.It s

38、a happy land of perpetual day,without cold or snow,where games,music,and revels never cease,and where the inhabitants may elect to be reborn on earth whenever they please.In Greek mythology ,Tartarus is a deep chasm surrounded by three heavy curtain and three bronze doors.In Roman mythology,it is a

39、vast river of lava.It is a painful place in where the Furies live.Inhabitants in it suffer a lot.C111. How were Atalanta and her husband changed into lions?They forgot to pay due honor to Venus and the goddess was provoked at thei

40、r ingratitude.She caused them to give offence to Cybele.Cybele took from them their human form and turned them into animals of characters resembling their own.C121. what was the ca

41、use of Apollos love for Daphne?Cupids golden arrow struck Apollos heart.2. What did Peneus mean by “ Your face will forbid it”?He meant Daphnes wish would not come true because of her beautiful face.C131. What did the oracle of Apollo say about Psyches future husband?He said her future husband await

42、ed he on the top of the mountain and he was a monster whom neither gods nor men could resist.2. What tempted Psyche to open the box she was bringing back to Venus?A longing desire to put the beauty on her cheeks to become more beautiful.3. What is the significance of the union of Cupid and Psyche?Lo

43、ve itself is really a happy and painful pursuit of the process,and the process of love must be ups and downs.C141. Why did Venus advise Adonis against attacking wild animals?Because the wild animals were dangerous and she didnt want to lose her beloved Adonis.2. What did Venus do to commemorate her

44、ill-fated lover?She changed his blood into short-loved flowers and its blossom open when the wind blows.C151. What aspect does this story show about love?The miserable and beautiful aspect of love.C161. What incurred Junos an

45、ger towards Echos?Her talk that contrived to detain Juno till Zeus and the nymphs made their escape.2. What was Junos punishment for her?No power to speak first.C181. What was the cause of Perseuss adventures?P

46、olydectes wanted an easy access to Danae and got rid of Perseus.So he sent Perseus to kill Medusa.2. How was Medusa killed?Perseus borrowed the shield from Minerva and winged shoes from Hermes,approached Medusa while she slept. He was guided by her image reflection in the bright shield and cut off h

47、er head.C191. How did the Argonauts pass through the Clashing Rocks?They went along the passage found by the dove they sent out and passed the Clashing Rocks safely.2. What made Medea kill her own children?The fury with jealousy and the thought to punish Jason further.C201. How did Heracles demonstr

48、ate his prowess in his infancy?He strangled two snakes which Zeus jealous wife Hera had sent to attack him.2. What incident motivated the Labors of Heracles?He was told by the Delphic Oracle to serve Eurystheus for 12 years and win immortality by performing the labors the king imposed upon him.3. Wh

49、at does the last labor of Heracles symbolize?C211. What was the cause of Cadmus adventures?Because his sister was carried away by Zeus,and his father commanded him to go in search of his sister.C221. How did he

50、 kill his own s father?In order to avoid killing his father and married his mother of, he escaped from the Collins, on the way, he killed his father by accident.2. What do you

51、 know about the Sphinx riddle?Sphinx riddle is often used to describe the problems which are complex, mysterious and hard to understand. C241. Who presented the apple of discord and for what purpose?Eris was angry because she had been left out of the feast. She threw among the guest the apple of discord inscribed “for the fairest” to make an issue between Hera, Athena and Aphrodite.2. Why was Paris as a baby left in the wilderness to die?Because when her mother H