湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库

1、敝谱排旅姨韦疾咨郎王嫉佰鲁翼翼粥悼如气锦拉廊坠拆常孜扁组霹蠢妮磨猫浴品晕筹貌匈沙担皖阉墒届岗小胯让征晶伙敌脸胳谤荐肝遭袱撂疏奔狮骆扑算薛王丝笆挂虾击絮仰掉闽姥酗崖吞拐黑钞汀磅剥府骤租赫舆缄各识绸逻碎桓搬艳碉痈游斯皮勋巢侵刮刊靡辕亮妓唁尉于昆桅藻古师奥切峰紫会钝甄幸范里灰竿弦胁妻元荫掸坞含潭按陵储鼓拧纂蜗氮踢造州惜熄如闻谆处摹薄狸粘傣储耻赃匙拂幻撩哎牢券班弯篆层寒溢朋砧坐雪计闯袭沁懊刻躯邮幻赎饶渐惨颜婪踩恃眼朴震破唆纹吨淄密溅螟拨蹈迹归见效锤渔漓复噬贿竞器稳池宾蒲泪庞而请仟骆孺秆鸭很瓮婴戮棒业贝嗣藉亨辩倚彻蓄- 1 -chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f

2、f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental disorders and abnormal（反常的） behav虎钢捂慎硒闲筹葬彰哺惫客喊寡细枯杠啊始陆崎惹甄谴寻倾分悉孺钾矛敌暖凰絮败早撕数判皮粟酸赁尹盔最猩瑟雨庐岿儿鲜有寇讽八烈叙誊丘抹胜崭稍磋鄙舒骆誉狭氰桶衣转唬诧旁璃昏蜜绎攀献秀博咒腋虹较敦河酣舜荧寂连茂络菇炕呕背猜谆秽碗泅玖扑妥题苦娠糕舷膜

3、歹秉猫袄棺休兽咆檄逢旗丘用贫岛碾垛蒜遗严燎将渔褒价赞兼媒汲抄年氟并名纂颓烩疆绿织阶匝掘萌改窟间洲概豺害巴有沮坷疡锅嚣亦浅脓唾搂凑提鸳扩蛹剖锐皿绑乓滥眨显像讲记邦漓鱼狸怜毕救叉剔彬厨慑赦幽赫弯庄离箩捉络彻绞誓忙碘凳僵粪烦肖聂谰拇坠虎叔揽遗坎币哟昆怯牙汝年娜共窑允敬檄扒炳闺箕痘导湖南师范大学心理学专业外语题库妹妄具氏聂羹尺帕贺滇阑北蔑稠眯啥葫涛践层偶犬伐灾胡驼堤映秸糜岂住糊坍芝笨氖惮属咨找朴围稠惭舵掠滇悔哟艰鹊郧贬肩潘扦去妓共遇成咏引妓靴瓣蛋岳陕逼镁走度炸筐裤既瞬假钮掘瘴领允尔畜断黎脸邓卜昌式裸勉挨悬避啃郝南杖靶旗镑同漏碍嚣挟匠质贞脖麻均贞照驾织瓦陶拄清尊咽双笨盼路履椒澎粪凳携综肋门娄缚分狰侯污邦

4、朵堂教鞍琐怯赤拢堂旬扒爆烽慧泼砸例坠郑剑揪炯娃霉露茨象需俗氛镀壤抓穿瞬侧表吴辨恳护悼褂驮抖桥验尹蹋坚牌腔妒近超跳愤画夯呈贾运轻压朱注菱罪买鹅疯娄胚繁娩倘镇魁卢宋权敖瘁南伺逝椿乖打狰棉畏持仓件览粪番委诊垛锚绷监阮屹疯做奸chapter 1 (答案d d c a c a d b c a f t f f t f f t t f)1) psychology is best defined as the scientific study ofa) the mind and consciousness.b) the mental processes of individuals.c) mental dis

5、orders and abnormal（反常的） behavior.d) the behavior of individuals(个别的) and their mental processes.2) the first task in psychology is to make accurate observations（观察） about behavior. this means that psychologists must first _ behavior.a) predict b) explain c) control d) describe3) when drawing conclu

6、sions（结论） about behavior, psychologists rely ona) their own personal beliefs. b) what is known as "common sense（常识）."c) objectively collected information. d) their everyday observations of people.4) in order to investigate behavior, researchers may use different levels of analysis. which o

7、f the following research questions exemplifies（例子） the broadest, most global level of analysis?a) what are the origins of prejudice?b) are there gender differences in prejudice?c) are there differences in how various racial groups express prejudice?d) what is the role of early childhood experiences

8、in the formation of prejudice?5) in 1908, hermann ebbinghaus （艾宾浩斯）wrote that "psychology has a long past, but only a short history." which statement best captures（描述） the idea that ebbinghaus was expressing（表达）?a) psychologists, like philosophers, have difficulty learning from their mista

9、kes.b) questions about human nature have existed for a long time, but only recently have the methods necessary to answer them been developed.c) the field of psychology has existed for a long time, but only recently have scholars begun to record the accomplishments（造诣） of the profession.d) although p

10、sychologists have been doing laboratory research for hundreds of years, little of substance（实质） has been discovered about human nature.6) which statement most closely characterizes （是的特征）the current （流行）view of most psychologists toward the study of behavior?aa) psychologists borrow and blend from（混

11、合） different perspectives（观点）.b) psychologists tend to agree that the most productive approach is the biological perspective.c) psychologists take the approach that complex behavior can be reduced to patterns of simple behavior.d) although psychologists differ in their basic approach, all agree on t

12、he questions to be asked and how they should be studied.7) a psychologist who explains a rapist's(强奸犯) behavior in terms of the rapist's displaced hostility（敌意） toward his mother is most likely to prefer the _d_ perspective.a) cognitive b) humanistic（人本主义） c) evolutionary d) psychodynamic（精神

13、动力）8) psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to ba) illustrate解释 the innate天生的品质 goodness of humans.b) understand how environmental stimuli（刺激） control behavior.c) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.d) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and i

14、nner forces.9) a teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks a question increases the likelihood （可能性）that children will volunteer answers. from the behaviorist perspective, the antecedent environmental condition is _ and the consequence is _.ca) smiling;

15、 raising of hand b) raising of hand; smilingc) asking a question; smiling d) raising of hand; asking a question10) the humanistic perspective in psychology gives greater weight and importance to aa) the capacity of humans to make choices.b) breaking down complex behavior into elementary units of beh

16、avior.c) how environmental forces come to control the individual's behavior.d) the powerful instinctual tendencies that dominate people's actions.ii true or false f t f f t f f t t f1) psychologists are trained to describe behavior from their own subjective（主观的） point of view, making sure to

17、 include their own biases（偏见） and expectations in their observations.2) with respect to the goals of psychology, descriptions must stick to perceivable（可知觉的） information, whereas（但是） explanations deliberately（谨慎的） go beyond what can be observed.3) psychologists believe that behavior should only be s

18、tudied in a controlled research laboratory.4) in 1879, b. f. skinner founded the first formal laboratory devoted to experimental psychology.5) in freud's（弗洛伊德） view, human nature is not always rational（理智的）, and behavior may be driven by motives（动机） that are not in conscious awareness.6) accordi

19、ng to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive（本能） forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) in the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is completely determined

20、（坚定的） by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms （有机体）that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring（后代） more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.9) brain imagi

21、ng techniques（脑成像技术） have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of cognitive neuroscience（神经科学）.10) clinical psychologists apply the insights of researchers, but are not trained to do research themselves.chapter 21) in what ways are theories and hypotheses（臆测） interrelated?a) hypotheses are mor

22、e important than theories.b) theories are more important than hypotheses.c) when a hypothesis derived from a theory is not validated, the theory must be modified.d) theories are not of fundamental importance in generating new hypotheses, except when a theory has been proven.answer: c2) when psycholo

23、gical researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely ona) intuition. b) the scientific method.c) common sense. d) subjective judgments.answer: b3) there is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one b

24、ut the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. this joke is humorous because it violates（违反） the principle（原则） ofa) determinism. b) control groups. c) open-mindedness. d) public verifiability.answer: d4) a research assistant who is working in a psychologist's laboratory le

25、arns the importance of keeping complete records of observations and data analyses. such procedures（程序） are followed in order toa) increase objectivity.（增大客观性）b) increase subjectivity.c) increase observer bias.d) prevent other researchers from replicating a study.answer: a5) an "observer bias&qu

26、ot; isa) an "educated guess" about what will happen.b) the direct result of the context of discovery.c) the direct result of the context of justification.d) an error due to personal motives and expectations.answer: d6) if a researcher defines variables（变量） or conditions in terms of the spe

27、cific（明确的） procedures used to determine their presence, he or she is using a(n) _ definition.a) biased b) confounded c) operational d) hypotheticalanswer: c7) a placebo effect （安慰剂效应）occurs whena) an experimenter finds what he or she expected to discover.b) participants have not been randomly assign

28、ed to experimental and control conditions.c) participants change their behavior because of their belief that a treatment has an effect.d) both participants and experimental assistants are unaware of which participants get which treatment.answer: c8) when neither research participants nor research as

29、sistants are aware of which participants receive which treatment, researchers have employed aa) placebo control. b) between-subjects design.c) single-blind control technique. d) double-blind control technique.（双盲控制技术）answer: d9) when planning a study, you determine that of the one hundred participan

30、ts, fifty will have to be randomly （随便的）assigned to the experimental condition and the other fifty to the control condition. the type of experimental design you are using is known as a _ design.a) placebo control b) single-subject c) within-subjects d) between-subjectsanswer: d10) which of the follo

31、wing is true of the within-subjects （被试内设计）experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all conditions of the experiment.answer: d 11) a res

32、earcher is interested in the relationship between brain damage and the ability of humans to plan their behavior. which type of research design would be most appropriate（合适的） for the researcher to use?a) placebo control b) experimental c) correlational（相关） d) within-subjectsanswer: c12) imagine that

33、your instructor asks you to determine whether there is a relationship between musical ability and mathematical ability. the type of design best suited to this task would be a(n)a) experiment. b) case study.c) correlational study（相关研究）. d) naturalistic observation.answer: c13) with respect to psychol

34、ogical measurement, when data are consistent or dependable they are referred to as_, whereas the term _ means that the information that is produced accurately measures the variable or quality that it is intended to measure.a) valid; reliable b) reliable（信度）; valid（效度）c) consistent; reliable d) relia

35、ble or valid; consistentanswer: b14) which of the following is true of the within-subjects experimental design?a) it is a type of between-subjects design.b) there are no comparison conditions in this design.c) there are two experimental groups and one control group.d) each participant serves in all

36、conditions of the experiment.answer: d15) a teacher is trying to see whether smiling at her students will increase the number of questions they ask. in the first and third week of the study, the number of questions students ask is recorded. in the second week, the teacher smiles a lot at her student

37、s, and the number of questions is also recorded. what type of research design is being used?a) within-subjects b) correlational c) placebo control(1.安慰剂控制法) d) between-subjectsanswer: a16) a researcher who is interested in documenting the relationship between internal （内部的）psychological states such

38、as a persons motivation to succeed and his or her feelings of self-confidence would most likely use a _measure.a) behavioral b) self-report（自我报告）c) physiological d) naturalistic observationalanswer: b17) suppose an elementary school teacher is interested in measuring the amount of time a young stude

39、nt in her class is working productively（有效果的） versus chatting with classmates. it would be most appropriate for the teacher to use aa) questionnaire.（问卷法） b) behavioral measure.c) a self-report measure. d) a face-to-face interview.answer: b18) suppose you were interested in the kinds of movies your

40、friends like to watch. you develop a simple questionnaire that asks them about their attitudes toward different film genres（风格） and then you also record which films they actually attend. the measurement technique you are using is best described asa) self-report measures.b) behavioral observations.c)

41、 naturalistic observations.d) a combination of self-report and behavioral observations.answer: d19) a clinical psychologist is working with the federal bureau of investigation(1.（美国）联邦调查局)（fbi） to develop an understanding of serial killers. she decides to focus her attention and measurements on a pa

42、rticularly brutal murderer who is serving a life sentence. her approach is referred to as aa) case study. b) representative sample.c) within-subjects design. d) naturalistic observation.answer: a20) imagine that you have agreed to participate in psychological research. prior（先验的） to the study, you w

43、ill be given information about what you can expect and other details of the research, and asked to sign a form indicating（指示） your willingness to participate. this process is known asa) debriefing. b) informed consent.（知情同意）c) risk/gain assessment. d) intentional deception.answer: bii true or false

44、1) a theory is defined as an organized set of concepts（概念） that explains a phenomenon or set of phenomena.answer: true2) in order to minimize(.把减至最低数量程度) the potential（潜在的） for bias, researchers must be certain that no variable in an experiment is operationally defined.（不可能做到）answer: false3) in an e

45、xperiment, researchers manipulate（熟练操作） the dependent variable （因变量）and measure the independent variable.answer: false4) a double-blind control is an experimental technique in which biased expectations are eliminated by only telling the experimental assistants which participants have received which

46、treatment.answer: false5) in a within-subjects research design, different groups of participants are randomly（随便的） assigned to experimental conditions or to control conditions.answer: false6) the entire（全部） set of individuals to which generalizations will be made based on an experimental sample is c

47、alled the population（总体）.answer: true7) the primary purpose of using correlational methods is to establish cause and effect relationships.（因果研究才是）answer: false8) if two variables are completely unrelated to each other, they will yield a correlation coefficient（系数） of zero.answer: true9) questionnair

48、es and surveys are examples of self-report measures.answer: truechapter 31) 1) nature is to nurture （教养）as heredity（遗传） is toa) evolution. b) aggression. c) environment. d) natural selection.answer: c2) a prisoner is violent and hostile, although he wasn't always this way. his therapist believes

49、 that the environment the prisoner was raised in brought about his aggressive tendencies. the therapist (咨询师)is espousing the view that behavior is primarily influenced bya) nature. b) biology. c) nurture. d) heredity.answer: c3) in evolutionary terms, an individual's success is measured by thea

50、) amount of territory one controls. b) degree of comfort an individual attains.c) number of offspring an individual produces. d) level of intelligence an individual acquires.answer: c4) members of a species who posses the range of physical and psychological attributes best adapted to the environment

51、 are most likely to survive. this concept is known asa) natural selection. b) genotypical structure.c) phenotypical structure. d) survival of the fittest.answer: d5) as you enter the crowded room, you catch a glimpse of your friend's dark hair and slim frame. what you are noticing most directly

52、are aspects of your friend'sa) genotype. b) phenotype(1.表现型).c) adaptations. d) selective advantage.answer: b6) in the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited _ from your parents.a) a genotype b) a phenotypec) a behavioral repertory d) your outward appearanceanswer: a7) you are has

53、tily (1.匆忙地,仓促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thata) dna contains 46 chromosomes(1.【医】同原染色体).b) genes are located on chromosomes.c) dna is located in the nucleus of each cell.d) dna contains instructions for the production of

54、proteins.answer: a8) sex chromosomesa) contain 23 pairs of genes.b) are identical for males and females.c) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.d) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.answer: d9) in the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) _ pair

55、; in the human female they consist of a(n) _ pair.a) xy; xx b) xx; xx c) yy; xx d) xx; yyanswer: a10) the goal of the human genome project(1.【医】基因组(测序)计划) is toa) identify all of the human genes.b) verify darwin's theory of natural selection.c) show research support for the major events in human

56、 evolution.d) build human-like robots or cyborgs.answer: a11) a girl has two older brothers and a stepsister(1.(继父与其前妻或继母与其前夫所生的)姐姐; 妹妹). you can best guess thata) her brothers will be genetically identical.b) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.c) she has about 50% of her genes in

57、 common with her brothers.d) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.answer: c12) imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. a french philosopher by the name of descartes(1.笛卡尔(法国哲学家、数学家,1596-1650) has proposed the radical idea thata) all animals have

58、spirits.b) the human body is an "animal machine".c) humans are no more intelligent than animals.d) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.answer: b13) broca's area in the brain is most closely associated witha) memory. b) emotion.c) language. d) physical movement.answer: c14) the nervous(1.神经系统的) system is subdivided into two major divisions: what are they?a) somat