时间状语从句(完整版)

1、21时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的五类引导词一引导时间状语从句的从属连词(以下称引导词)很多，为方便记忆，现作以下分类：1. 基本类包括before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, once, as soon as 等。如：Did anyone call when I was out? 我不在家时谁来过电话吗?We have known each other since we were children. 我们从小认识。Youll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。M

2、ake sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡觉前一定要关灯。Dont promise him anything till weve had time to think about it. 在我们有时间考虑之前别答应他什么。2. 名词类即由名词词组充当引导词，包括the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等(均表示“一就”。如I loved you the instant (that) I saw you. 我一见到你就爱上你了。Tell me the moment

3、(that) you get the results. 你一拿到结果就给我打电话。3. 副词类即由副词充当引导词，如 immediately, directly, instantly等。如：I came immediately you called. 你一打电话我就来了。Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke. 我一进门就闻到烟味。4. 短语类主是几个涉及time短语，如every time，each time，(the) next time，any time，the last time，the first time 等。如：Next time

4、you come in, please close the door. 下次你进来，请关门。My roof leaks every time it rains. 每次下雨，我的房顶就漏。He felt nervous each time she spoke to him. 每次她和他讲话，他都感到紧张。The last time we talked he said he needed another two days. 上次我们谈话时他说他还需要两天。5. 句型类包括no soonerthan, hardlywhen 等。如：I had no sooner closed the door th

5、an somebody knocked. 我刚把门关上就有人敲门。Hardly were the words uttered when he began to regret them. 话刚说出口他就开始后悔了。二时态呼应在时间状语从句中，不能用一般将来时、过去将来时态或将来完成时，而要用相应的一般现在时态、一般过去时或现在完成时来代替。如：Ill telephone you as soon as I get there. 我一到达那里就打电话给你。She said she would phone me as soon as she got there. 她说她一到达那里就给我电话。Dont

6、get off the bus until it has stopped. 等车停稳后才下车。I will tell you after they leave. 于他们走后我再告诉你。I waited till/until she was back. 我一直等到她回来Once time is gone, you will never get it back. 时间一旦失去就再也得不到了1. 时态呼应一般来讲，复合句都要遵循主、从句时态呼应规律，状语从句也不例外。即主句用现在时，从句也用现在时；主句用过去时，从句也用过去的某种时态。如：Be careful when you cross the

7、road. 过马路时要小心。You must see the doctor if you are ill. 如果你生病了，你必须去看医生。主句是一般过去时，从句也要用一般过去时。如：When he was seven years old, he could swim. 当他七岁时就会游泳。She turned off the light before she left the office. 她离开办公室前就关了灯。与时间状语从句有关的时态问题关于这个问题有两点值得注意：(1) 当主句为将来时态或具有将来意义时，时间状语从句通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态：Turn of

8、f the lights before you leave. 走前关灯。I will tell him as soon as he arrives. 他一来我就告诉他。(2) 与since 从句搭配的主句的时态通常是现在完成时态：He has lived here since 1999. 自1999年以来，他就一直住在这儿。Where have you been since I last saw you? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】在特定的语言环境中有时也可能用过去完成时或一般现在时：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了

9、。Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西。2. 主从句的位置。大多数情况下，从句可以位于主句之前，也可以位于主句之后。不过从句在前时，主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如：Please tell me when he comes back. = When he comes back, please tell me.三基本类（一）. when, while, as的用法when只能用于一般时态， while可以用于进行时态while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词；表示带

10、有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时，只能用 when；当表示“一边一边”或“随着”时，只能用 as。另外，用于此义的 as 所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词，不能是状态动词。例题：_ John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.A. As B. As soon as C. While D. Till第一次描述： 三者可表示“当时候”，区别如下：(1) 若主句表示的是一个短暂性动作，从句表示的是一个持续性动作，三者都可用：He fell asleep when while, as he was reading. 他看书时睡着了

11、。【注】as 用于引出一个持续性动词表示“在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作(action)和发展(development) 意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词(如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, know, have 等)，所以下面一句中的 while 不能换为 as：A：Im going to the post office. 我要去邮局。B：While youre there, can you get me some stamps? 当你在邮局时，能帮我买几张邮票吗?(2) 若主、从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作，且强调主句表示的动作

12、延续到从句所指的整个时间，通常要用 while：Dont talk while youre eating. 吃饭时不要说话。I kept silent while he was writing. 在他写的时候，我默不作声。但是，若主从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意思，通常用 as：She sang as she went along. 她边走边唱。(3) 若从句是一个短暂性动作，主句是一个持续性动作，可用 as / when 但不用 while：It was raining hard when as we arrived. 我们到达时正下着大雨。(4) 若主从句表示的是两个同时

13、(或几乎同时)发生的短暂性动作，用 as / when：I thought of it just when as you opened your mouth. 就在你要说的时候，我也想到了。(5) 若要表示两个正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的“随着”，一般用 as：Things are getting better and better as time goes on. 随着时间的推移，情况越来越好。As it grew darker, it became colder. 天色越晚，天气越冷。(6) 表示“每当的时候”(暗示一种规律性)，一般要用 when：Its cold when it s

14、nows. 下雪时天冷。He smiles when you praise him. 你夸奖他时他总是笑笑。(7) 若主从句所表示的动作不是同时发生，而是有先后顺序时，一般要用 when：I will go home when he comes back. 他回来时，我就回家去。(8) when 可用作并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”；while 也可以用作并列连词，表示“而”、“却”(表示对比)；但 as 则没有类似用法：We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们正要出发，这时天开始下雨了。He likes coffee, while sh

15、e likes tea. 他喜欢咖啡，而她却喜欢茶。(9) as 和 when 后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句，但 while 一般不这样用：As When a boy, he lived in Japan. 他小时候在日本。(10) when 和 while后可接现在分词、介词短语、形容词等构成省略句，但as 一般不这样用：When While reading, he fell asleep. 他看书时睡着了。When While in trouble, ask her for help. 遇到麻烦的时候你就去找她帮忙。第二次描述：as, while ,when 的用法as， while和

16、when均可用作从属连词，引导时间状语从句，作“当时候”解。它们所引导的时间状语从句有时意思一样，这三个词可以互换使用；有时却有差异，则不能互换。 一、 as的意思是“正当时候（just as，at the same moment that）”“随着(while，when)”,它既可表示一个具体的时间点，也可以表示一段时间。as可表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或同时持续，即“点点重合”“线线重合”；又可表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的持续过程中，即“点线重合”，但不能表示两个动作一前一后发生。如果主句和从句的谓语动词都表示持续性的动作，二者均可用进行时，也可以一个用进行时，一个用一般时或者都用一般

17、时。例如： 1. As I got on the bus， he got off. 我上车，他下车。（点点重合） 2. He was writing as I was reading. 我看书时，他在写字。（线线重合） 3. The students were talking as the teacher came in. 老师进来时，学生们正在讲话。（点线重合） 二、while的意思是“在同时（at the same time that )”“在期间(for as long as, during the time that）”。从while的本身词义来看，它只能表示一段时间，不能表示具体的时

18、间点。在时间上可以是“线线重合”或“点线重合”，但不能表示“点点重合”。例如： 1. He was watching TV while she was cooking. 她做饭时，他在看电视。（线线重合） 2. He was waiting for me while I was working. 我工作的时候，他正等着我。（线线重合） 3. He asked me a question while I was speaking. 我在讲话时，他问了我一个问题。（点线重合） 三、 when的意思是“当时候（at the time that）”“无论什么时候（whenever）” “一就（as s

19、oon as ）” “在以后（after）”。它表示的时间概念比较广泛，上述例句中的as或while均可用when代替，因为when不但可以表示具体的时间点，而且也可以表示一段时间。在时间上它既能表示“点点重合”“线线重合”，又能表示“点线重合”。例如： 1.When he came in， she went out.他进来，她出去。（点点重合） 此句中when从句的动作表示的是一个时间点，when可以用as代替，但不能用while代替。 2. When he came back， I was doing some washing. 他回来时，我在洗衣服。（点线重合） 此句中when从句的动作

20、表示的是一个时间点，所以只能用as代替，不能用while代替。 3. When Mary was writing a letter, the children were playing outside. 玛丽写信时，孩子们都在外面玩。（线线重合） 此句中的when从句的动作表示的是一段时间，故可用as 或 while代替习题：1. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away. 2. I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 3. Have a good loo

21、k at that man _ you pass him. 第三次描述when,as,while这三个词都可以引出时间状语从句，它们的差别是：when 从句表示某时刻或一段时间 as 从句表示进展过程，while 只表示一段时间When he left the house, I was sitting in the garden.当他离开家时，我正在院子里坐着。When he arrived home, it was just nine o'clock.当他到家时，正是九点钟。As he grew older, he became more intelligent.随着他年龄

22、的增长，他变得更有才智了。While he was in London,he studied music.当他在伦敦时，他学习音乐。While she was typing the letter,the telephone rang.当她在用打字机打那封信时，电话响了。when意为"在时刻或时期"，它可兼指"时间点"与"时间段"，所引导的从句的动词既可以是终止性动词，也可是持续性动词。如： When I got home, he was having supper.我到家时，他正在吃饭。 When I was young, I lik

23、ed dancing.我年轻时喜欢跳舞。 while只指"时间段"，不指"时间点"，从句的动词只限于持续性动词。如： While I slept, a thief broke in.在我睡觉时,盗贼闯了进来。 辨析 when从句与主句动作先后发生时，不能与while互换。如： When he has finished his work, he takes a short rest.每当他做完工作后，总要稍稍休息一下。(when = after) When I got to the cinema, the film had already begun.当我

24、到电影院时，电影已经开始了。(when=before) when从句动词为终止性动词时，不能由while替换。如： When he came yesterday, we were playing basketball.昨天他来时，我们正在打篮球。 当从句的谓语是表动作的延续性动词时，when, while才有可能互相替代。如： While / When we were still laughing, the teacher came in.正当我们仍在大声嬉笑时，老师进来了。 当从句的谓语动词是终止性动词，而且主句的谓语动词也是终止性动词时,when可和as通用，而且用as比用when在时间上

25、更为紧凑，有"正当这时"的含义。如： He came just as (or when) I reached the door.我刚到门那儿，他就来了。 从句的谓语动词如表示状态时，通常用while。如： We must strike while the iron is hot.我们应该趁热打铁。 while和when都可以用作并列连词。 Mike is tall while his brother is short.迈克的个子很高，然而他弟弟很矮。 Mary was on her way home when two big boys stopped her.玛丽正走在回家

26、的路上，这时两个大个子男孩拦住她。例题：“Im going to the post office.” “_ youre there, can you get me some stamps?”A. As B. While C. Because D. If 第四次描述 ： while与when以及as之间的区别。1. 当从句中的谓语动词是持续性的动作时,我们可以用while, when或as。While / When / As I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in front of the bank. 我顺着马路往前走时,

27、发现银行门前停着一辆警车。2. 当从句中的谓语动词表示瞬间动作时,不可用while。He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door. 他正要走,这时有人敲门。3. 如果谈论两个长动作,最常用的是while。While John was sitting biting his nails, I was working out a plan to get us home. 约翰坐在那里咬指甲时,我想出了一个回家的办法。不过, as是可以用来说明两种正在发展或变化的情况的,这时as引导一个持续性的动作,主句中的动作与之同时

28、进行。As we talked on, he got more and more excited. 我们继续往下谈的时候,他越来越兴奋。4. 如果表示两个短动作或事件同时发生,最常用的是as或just as,也可用when。Just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound. 当他抓住球的时候,有一种撕裂的声音。I thought of it just when you opened your mouth. 就在你要说话的时候,我也想到了。as引导时间状语从句的谓语特点as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，该从句的谓语通常是

29、那些表示动作意义的动词，而不能是be(是、在), have(有)，like(喜欢)，belong(属于)等表示状态或静态意义的动词。我打算去邮局。当你在邮局的时候，请帮我买几张邮票好吗?误：Im going to the post office.As you are there, can you get me some stamps?正：Im going to the post office.While you are there, can you get me some stamps?正因为 as 引导时间状语从句表示“当的时候”“在期间”时，从句的谓语不能是表示状态或静态意义的动词，所以当

30、下面第一句变为第二句这样的状语从句时，不能再用 as，而应用 when：As a student he had known great poverty.When he was a student he had known great poverty. 他当学生时，经历过很贫困的生活。但是，当 as 引导原因状语从句时，其谓语动词可以是状态或静态动词。如：As there was very little support, the strike was not successful. 由于支持的很少，罢工未获成功。As I was anxious to please him, I bought h

31、im a nice present. 因为我急于讨好他，我给他买了一件精美礼品。As there isnt anything more to do, I may as well go home early 既然这里没有别的事要做，我还不如早点回家。while的用法可从下述几点理解与运用。一、while意为“当时候”,指一段时间,不能用来表示一个时间点。While the discussion was still going on, George came in. 当讨论还在进行时,乔治走了进来。二、while意为“而;然而”,表示转折。There're plenty of rain i

32、n the southeast, while there's little in the northeast. 东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。三、while意为“虽然;尽管”,表示让步。While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings. 尽管我承认他的优点,但我还是能看到他的缺点。四、while意为“只要”,表示条件。We can surely overcome these difficulties while we are closely united. 只要我们紧密地团结一致,一定能克服这些困难。五、while

33、从句中的省略。当while从句中的主语与主句的主语一致,且含有be的某种形式时,从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。While listening to the radio, she fell asleep. 她在听收音机时睡着了。While in London, he studied music and painting. 在伦敦时,他学习音乐和绘画。六、while可用作名词,意为“一会儿;一段时间”。作名词用时,主要用于短语中: after a while “过了一会儿”; all the while “一直,始终”; a short / little while ago “刚才”; once

34、 in a while “偶尔,间或”; wait / rest(for) a while “等 / 休息一会儿”。I haven't seen her for a long while.我好久没有看见她了。Where have you been all this while?这一阵子你到哪去了?He usually goes to work by bike, but once in a while he goes by bus.他通常骑自行车上班,但偶尔也乘公共汽车。I looked everywhere for the letter, but it was in my pocket

35、 all the while. 我到处找那封信,却不知它一直在我口袋里。when 和while的用法区别when是at or during the time that, 既指时间点，也可指一段时间； while是during the time that，只指一段时间，因此when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是终止性动词，也可以是延续性动词，而while从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。 when 说明从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生；while 则强调主句的动作在从句动作的发生的过程中或主从句两个动作同时发生。 由when引导的时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句应用一般过去时

36、；如果从句和主句的动作同时发生，两句都用过去进行时的时候，多用while引导，如： a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 当此句改变主从句的位置时，则为：While we were talking, the teacher came in. b. They were singing while we were dancing. when和while 还可作并列连词。when表示“在那时”；while表示“而，却”，表对照关系。如： a. The children were running to move the bag of rice wh

37、en they heard the sound of a motor bike. 孩子们正要跑过去搬开那袋米，这时他们听到了摩托车的声音。 b. He is strong while his brother is weak. 他长得很结实，而他弟弟却很瘦弱。when只能用于一般时态， while可以用于进行时态when 在绝大多数情况下，所引导的从句中，应该使用非延续性动词（也叫 瞬间动词）例如：I'll call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话 I was about to go out when the telephone rang.我刚要出门，

38、电话铃就响了。但是，when 却可以 be 连用。例如：I lived in this village when I was a boy. 当我还是个孩子的时候我住在这个村庄里。 When I was young, I was sick all the time. 在我小时候我总是生病while 当.的时候 While he was eating, I asked him to lend me $2. 当他正在吃饭时,我请他借给我二美元。While I read, she sang. 我看书时，她在唱歌。while 的这种用法一般都和延续性动词连用while 可以表示“对比”这样用有的语法书认

39、为是 并列连词 Some people like coffee, while others like tea. 有些人喜欢咖啡, 而有些人喜欢茶。as和just as的区别是：as有多种词性，just as只有一种词性，就是副词。但是意思上是很接近的。as 当.之时 ，一边.一边.He dropped the glass as he stood up. 他站起来时，把杯子摔了。She sang As she worked. 她一边工作一边唱歌。just as 正像，就像，就.的样子例如：It is just as you said. Leave exerything just as you f

40、ind it.一般来说 as 后面即可以跟延续性动词，也可以跟非延续性动词。1）as,when引导短暂性动作的动词。Justas/Justwhen/When I stopped mycar, a man came up to me.2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前，只能用when引导这个从句，不可用as或while。When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when或while。As the day went on, the weather got worse.u

41、ntil /和till既可用作介词也可用作连词，引导状语。通常有以下几种用法： 一、 用于肯定句作“直到为止”解时，主句的动词一般是延续到until / till所表示的时间为止。例如： 1. He waits until / till the children are asleep. 他等着直到孩子们睡熟。 2. I shall stay here until / till twelve o'clock. 我将留在这里一直到十二点钟。 二、 用于否定句作“在以前”、“直到才”解时，主句的动词一般是非延续性的，它所表示的动作直到until / till 所表示的时间才发生。例如： 1.

42、 He didn't come until / till late in the morning. 他直到早上很迟才来。 2. He didn't arrive until / till the game had begun. 直到比赛开始他才到。 注意：主句为一般将来时，until / till引导的从句用一般现在时代替将来时。例如： He couldn't ride until / till he was fifteen years old. 他直到十五岁才会骑自行车。 三、 用于“not.until.”的句式可以转换成when 或after引导的时间状语从句，但主

43、句必须要用肯定形式。例如： 1. They didn't get off until the train came to a complete stop.=They got off after the train came to a complete stop. 火车停了他们才下车。 2. The student won't come into the classroom until the teachers finish their work.=The students will come into the classroom when the teachers finish

44、 their work. 当老师们完成工作时，学生们将走进教室。 四、 用于延续性动词的肯定或否定句中，但含义不同。例如： 1. The meeting continued until / till 7:00. 会议一直开到七点。 2. We didn't have the meeting until /till 7:00. 直到七点我们才结束会议。 五、 用于“It is / was not until.that”或含有“not.until.”的强调结构中，其中的until不能改为till。不可替换。例如： 1. It was not until the film had begun

45、 that he arrived. 直到电影开始他才到。 2. It is not until 8:00 that we begin our class every day. 我们每天八点开始上课。 六、 Not until放在句首时，句子要倒装，其中的until不能改为till 。例如： 1. Not until the last moment did he change his mind. 直到最后一刻他才改变主意。 2. Not until midnight did it stop raining. 直到午夜雨才停。 七、 句首通常只用until,不用till。例如： 1. Until

46、then, I knew nothing at all about it. 在那之前，我对此事一无所知。 2. Until you told me I had no idea of it. 在你告诉我之前，我对此一无所知。 八、 某些固定词组或谚语中通常只用till。例如： 1. from morning till night 从早到晚。 2. up till now直到现在英美国家的英语语法教师是这样来描述这两个字的分别的： “Till” is used to mean the time up to a particular instance and the action can

47、continue even after that. “Until” is used to mean the time up to a particular instance and the speaker has in mind that the action after this time does not almost happen. 翻译：Till是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而在那个时刻之后，该事情或状况仍将持续。 Until是指直到某一特定事件发生的时候，而讲话的人在自己心里认为，在那个时刻之后，该事情或该状况将中止（不怎么可能持续）。Till 和Un

48、till 的用法区别在很多情况下，这两个词是这可以互换使用的，也就是说，这两个词的意思非常相近。一般而言，till 用于肯定句，untill 用于否定句。但是，这两个词在意义上也是有细微差别的。对till/until从句的理解1. 主句为肯定式，主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词，且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止，可译作“（直）到”。如：He waited until/till I returned. 他一直等到我回来。2. 主句为否定式（包括含 no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句

49、），若主句谓语动词是非持续性动词，则该动词所表示的动作在 until / till 从句表示的时间开始发生。一般先译从句“直到”，后译主句，not 译成“才”，即“直到才”。如：His mother didnt leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着了，他母亲才离开。Nobody can leave until/till the meeting is over. 直到散会才能离开。3. 主句为否定式，若主句谓语动词是持续性动词，则须根据上下文去理解until/till从句的含义，一般译为“直到才”或“没有到”。如：He didnt wait until/ti

50、ll I returned. 他没有等到我回来。She didnt sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡着。,until直到时候; notuntil直到才You are to stay here until / till your mother comes back.The meeting was put off until ten oclock.Not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV did we know much about global warning.= We did not know m

51、uch about global warning until we watched the Earth Day program.= It was not until we watched the Earth Day program on TV that we knew much about global warming.Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.not .until 引导时间状语从句，从句不能用将来时，主句是一般将来时，从句

52、用现在时。Don't get off the bus until it stops.(主句是祈使句从句用现在时）He didn't go to bed until his mother came back.（主句是过去时，从句时态一致）He won't call you until he finishes his work.(主句用一般将来时，从句用现在时对before从句的理解before的本意为“在之前”，根据具体语境还可理解为“还没来得及/还没有就，趁着还没就，不知不觉就，才”等。如：I had not sat long before he came back.

53、我没坐多久他就回来了。He almost knocked me down before he saw me. 他几乎把我撞倒才看到我。Before I could get in a word, he measured me. 我还来得及插话，他就给我量好了尺寸。Ill water the flowers before it gets dark. 我要趁着天还没黑把花浇好水。Be a pupil before you become a teacher. 先做学生，后做先生。Time passed quickly and three months went by before she knew i

54、t. 时间过得飞快，她不知不觉就在那里度过了三个月。I will die before I will betray my country. 我宁可死也不会背叛我的国家。after表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后，主句和从句的时间关系正好与before相反。如：It will be four days before they come back.他们要过四天才能回来。My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到达之前去加拿大了。After you think it over, please let me

55、know what is your decision.你仔细考虑过之后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。before 与untill的区别It is not A .before B在B之前A是完成不了的 It is not A untill B 直到B， A 才完成 一个是到了B没完成一个是到了B完成了Notuntil句型尽管在某些情况下可与before互换使用，但在强调句中一般仍用until; 1). It was not until he told me that I knew it.

56、直到他告诉我我才知道这件事。 2）.It was not until he finished his homework that he went home.直到完成作业他才回家。.而且与UNTIL主句的动词一定不是短暂性的动词,是可以有延续性的动词,比如come,go,open等是不会和UNTIL用在一起的.It is three years since I joined the Party. 我入党有三年了。It is three years since he lived here. 他不住这里有三年了。It will be years before we meet again. 要过几年之后我们才能重相聚。It was not long before he came back. 没过多久他就回来了。It was evening before they got here. 他们到达这里之前就已天夜了。It was five oclock when he got home. 他回到家时已是五点了。(比较强调结构：It was at five oclock that he got home. )since的用法1) since +过去一个