外研版初三英语复习讲义一

1、wishes you success! 讲义一动词的时态和语态一、动词的时态在英语中，由于谓语动作发生的时间不同，或表达不同时间存在的状态，谓语动词都要发生相应的变化。这些动词的变化形式就叫做动词的时态。 初中阶段主要学习，掌握以下时态。 1一般现在时的用法 a表示经常发生的动作、行为或存在的状态。 常用的时间状语有：often, usually, always, every day等。 I go to school every day except Sunday. 除了星期日，我每天上学。 我们班上有五十个学生。 b表示主语的身份或特征。 His father is a doctor. 他的

2、父亲是医生。 汤姆个子高。 c表示一种客观事实或普遍真理 The earth is round. 地球是圆的. 太阳比月亮大。 d在条件状态从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。 If you don't go soon, you'll be late. 如果你不快去的话，你就要迟到了。 我将一直等到你回来。 2一般过去时的用法 a表示在过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, just now, upon a time, in 1989, in

3、 the old days, when I was at middle school等。 He left for Beijing yesterday morning. 他昨天上午到北京去了。 你昨天下午四点完成工作了吗？ b表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 I got up very early at that time. 我那时总是起得很早。 玛丽上中学时总是起得很晚，从来都没有足够时间吃早饭。 3一般将来时的用法 a表示将要发生的动作行为或存在的状态。 常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow, next time, next year, in a few days等。 I'

4、ll go and see her next Friday. 我下周五去看她。 他明天上午不到那儿去。 b有时没有时间状语，根据上下文判断其谓语动作是将要发生的。 I don't know who will do it. 我不知道谁将做这件事。 别着急，他会准时在那儿。 注意： 1）表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，除了用上述的一般将来时外，还可以用be going to 来表示。be going to这个结构表示：a即将发生的动作；b主语打算或准备要做的事；c说话人根据已有的迹象判断即将发生的事。be going to 结构中的be随着句子中主语的人称而变化。 例如： We are g

5、oing to learn English. 我们将学习英语。 看这些黑云，我想天要下雨了。 2）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，一般将来时要用一般现在时代替。 例如： He will come to see you when he has time. 他有空时会来看你的。 他们一回来就打电话给你。 4现在进行时的用法 a现在进行时表示说话时谓语的动作正在进行。 Who are you waiting for? 你在等谁？ 他知道我们现在正在帮助他 。 b在现阶段正在进行的动作，但不一定说话时动作正在进行。 The students are working on the farm there

6、days. 这些天学生们正在农场劳动。 c有些动词的进行时态还可用来表示将来时。这类动词有go, come, leave, arrive, move, die等。 He is coming soon. 他不久就要来了。 玛丽今天下午四点到达这里。 5现在完成时的用法 a表示过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态，对现在仍有影响。 She has been ill for three days. 她病了三天了。 他已经走了。 b表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 We've known each other since we were children. 我们从小就认识。 注

7、意： 在用already, always, yet, just, ever, never等副词作状语时，或者由for, since引起的短语作状语或状语从句时，句子的谓语动词常用现在完成时。 区别： 1）have (has) been to 与have (has) gone to have (has) been to +某地，表示到过某地，说明去过某地，说话时已经回来了。 have (has) gone to +某地，说明去某地了，说话时还没有回来。 例如： 他去过北京三次。 他去上海了。 2）have got虽然在形式上是现在完成时，却和have是相同的意思。 例如： Have you go

8、t any book?=Do you have any book? 你有书吗？ 6过去进行时的用法 过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或过去一段时间正在进行的动作。过去进行时常与表示过去的时间状语如：then at that time, once, a moment ago等连用，或者用另一动作表示过去的时间。 例如： 我昨晚七点在家写信。 昨天晚上回家时，他在家看电视。 语态：英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者。 eg. We use a knife for cutting (主动句). A knife is used for cutt

9、ing (被动句)。一、构成：be + 过去分词eg. 1)The work is finished by him. 2)Chinese is spoken by people in China.二、被动语态的时态1.一般现在时：am/ is/ are + 过去分词eg. English is spoken by Englishmen.2.一般过去时：was/ were + 过去分词eg. The machines were made in China.3.一般将来时:will/shall/be going to be+过去分词eg. A sports meeting will be held

10、 in our school next week.4.现在完成时：have/ has been + 过去分词eg. The work has been done by them.5.现在进行时：am/ is/ are being + 过去分词。eg. A new school is being built in our village.6.过去进行时：was/ were being + 过去分词eg. My TV set was being mended at that time.综上所述：被动语态的时态只涉及be动词的变化（即：be动词的各种时态）另外注意以下几点：1.含情态动词的被动语态：

11、 can / may / must / should + be + 过去分词eg. He may be sent away from school.2.带动词不定式的被动语态eg. My bike needs to be mended.3.在使用被动语态时，如需要指出动作执行者时，应用“by + 动作的执行者(宾格)”eg. He was called Mike by us4.不及物动词无被动语态（take place/ happen ; last ; rise ; sink ; fall等）eg. The accident was happened two days ago (改错) _5.

12、当宾语补足语是省to不定式时，在改作被动语态之后，应将省去的to还原。eg.The boss made the workers work 12 hours.The workers were made to work 12 hours.6.注意短语动词的完整性（即：主动句的谓语动词若由v + prep / adv构成，变被动语态时，不能将这些介词、副词遗漏。eg. We must take care of the baby.The baby must be taken care of.当堂练习一、写出下列各时态的构成，然后写出各时态所对应的时间状语1、一般现在时：_ _ 时间状语 _2、一般过去

13、时 _ 时间状语_3、一般将来时:_ _时间状语_4、现在进行时_ 时间状语_5、现在完成时_ 时间状语_6、过去进行时_ 时间状语_二、用所给动词的适当形式填空1.Mother _ (watch) TV every evening.2.We_(talk) when the teacher came in.3.He _(go) to Beijing two days ago.4.He _(leave) Chengdu in two days.5.Look! The boy_(play) football on the playground.6.My uncle _(live) here for

14、 ten years.7.Ill go fishing if it _(be) fine tomorrow.8.He said his grandpa _(be) dead for ten years.9.Ill tell you as soon as he _ (come) back.10.The teacher told us the earth _(go) round the sun.11.Look! A woman with two children _ (be) coming towards us.12.Two months _(be) quite a long time.13.He

15、 asked if Tom _(come) in two days14.The Greens _ the Great Wall twice.三、选择填空( ) 1. Dont go and bother him. He _ in the room.       A. writes     B. has written  C. is writing     D. has been writing ( ) 2. She will have a hol

16、iday as soon as she _ the work next week.A. finishes B. doesnt finish C. will finish D. wont finish( )3. Our physics teacher told us that light _ faster than sound.A. travel B. travels C. is travelling D. has travelled( )4. -I dont know if his uncle _ tomorrow. -I think he _ if it doesnt rain.A. wil

17、l come; comes B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. comes; will come( )5. The supermarket is far from Marys house, so she _ only once a week.A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there( )6. Yao Ming is 2.2 _ . A. meters high B. meters tall C. meters tall D. meters heigh

18、t ( )7. -Do you like that coat over there? -Yes, it_ very soft.A. felt B. feels C. is feeling D. is felt( )8. The shop here _ at half past eight in the morning, so you cant go until half past eight.A. opens B. is open C. is opened D. is opening( )9. They _ some books from the library last week.A. le

19、nd B. lends C. buy D. borrowed( )30. -Hi, Carol. How was your trip to Disney world? -Hi, Alice. Oh, we _ a good time there.A. are having B. have had C. had D. have( )11. -Your E-mail address? I _ quite catch it.A. dont B. wont C. cant D. didnt( )12. -I called you just now, but you werent in. -Sorry,

20、 I _ the reading-room.A. was in B. have gone to C. studied D. had been in( )13. It _ that they had no chance at the moment.A. seemed B. was seemed C. seem D. is seemed( )14. The children planted more trees and flowers after they _ Greener China.A. joined B. took part in C. became D. were( )15. Look

21、at the clouds in the sky. There _ this afternoon.A. will be many rains B. is going to rain C. will rain D. is going to be a heavy rain( )16. There _ a good new TV play last night.A. has B. will have C. was D. is going to be( )17. -What is your sister doing now? -She is packing. She _ to Hong Kong ne

22、xt week.A. fly B. flew C. was flying D. is flying( )18. -Excuse me. What did you say you would like to do, Miss White? -I said Id better go back to the office. I _ someone this afternoon.A. would meet B. met C. am going to meet D. was meeting( )19. Do you know if _ back next week? If he _back, pleas

23、e let me know.A. he comes; will come B. will he come; comesC. he will come; comes D. will he come; will come( )20. -Have you seen John? -Yes. He _ the information about animals on the Internet in the computer room.A. look for B. is looking for C. looks for D. looked for课后练习：一单项选择 ( )1. He said that

24、he _ with Mr. Black at that time.A. talkedB. was talkingC. is talkingD. would talk( )2. We _ English in this school since we came here.A. have studiedB. studiedC. had studiedD. were studying( )3. She _ at home until her mother came back.A. has stayedB. stayedC. had stayedD. will stay( )4. There will

25、 be an interesting movie _ two days.A. forB. inC. afterD. since( )5. She _ there until I came back.A. didnt leaveB. has stayedC. leftD. was staying( )6. It has been raining _ two hours ago.A. untilB. forC. sinceD. by( )7. His father _ since he was two years old.A. has diedB. diedC. has deathD. has b

26、een dead( )8. The meeting _ for ten minutes when I got there yesterday.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. had been on( )9. He had collected over 500 stamps _ he was twelve years old.A. sinceB. forC. untilD. by the time( )10. I was doing my homework _ she rang me up last night.A. whenB. whileC.

27、 sinceD. before( )11. “Where is John?” “He _ the library.”A. has been toB. has gone toC. has been inD. has been at( )12. How long _ you _ the computer?A. have; boughtB. did; buyC. have ; hadD. will; buy( )13. She _ Shanghai for two days.A. leftB. has leftC. will leaveD. has been away from( )14. He d

28、idnt tell me anything about it _ he left.A. sinceB. untilC. by the timeD. while( )15. She _ China since she was five years old.A. has come toB. has arrived atC. has arrived inD. has been in( )16. I had finished my homework _ I watched TV last night.A. beforeB. afterC. whenD. until( )17. Miss White h

29、as been _ the music club for 4 years.A. joiningB. joinC. joinedD. in( )18. What do you think he will _ ten years?A. be forB. be atC. be toD. be in( )19. There _ two football games in our school next week.A. is going to beB. will haveC. will beD. is going to have( )20. They _ a birthday party next Fr

30、iday afternoon.A. is going to beB. will beC. will haveD. is going to have二、任务型阅读（每小题2分，共20分）(A)Here is some information about some of the wonders of the world. I am sure you will be interested in them. The Pyramids of Egypt There are about eighty pyramids known today. The most well-known was for Pha

31、raoh(法老) Khufu. It is known as the “Great Pyramid”. Its also the largest one. Workers used about 2.3 million blocks of stone to build it. 用了20年的时间才建成(A).The Hanging Gardens of BabylonThe garden sat on a hill. It was a large and wonderful structure(建筑物). Many parts of the garden were high up on large columns(支柱). There were many big and green trees with lovely flowers. Although there are many different ideas about the garden, we are not sure whether this wonder ever existed(存在)! The Lighthouse(灯塔) of Alexa