高考英语 语法必考考点4介词含解析

1、2019年高考英语语法必考考点（4）：介词含解析李仕才【考点解读】介词无法在句中独立担当成分，其后一般接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，还可接不定式（如：except, but）或that引导的从句作宾语，构成介词短语，有时还可接另外一个介词短语（如：from among the trees）。一、介词的分类：1. 从结构上分，可分为：简单介词（如：at, in, on, for, over, up）、合成介词（如：inside, outside, within, without）、以-ing结尾的介词（如：concerning, including, excluding, following）

2、和短语介词（如：according to, because of, apart from, in case of）。2. 从含义上分，可分为表示时间（如：at, in, on, before, between）、地点（如：at, in, on, under, behind）、趋向（如：to / towards, across, off, up）、原因（如：for, with, due to）、让步（如：despite, in spite of）和条件（如：in case of, without, but for）等的介词。二核心介词必备清单：1)表示“时间”的介词：(1) at，on，inat

3、：用在钟点、黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜、节日等时间名词前或表示一段时间的开头或结尾。at 12：00，at noon，at night，at midnight, at dawn，at daybreak，at sunrise，at the weekend，at christmason：用在具体的某一天、星期几及某一天的上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词前，即on表示具体的时间。on october 1st，on a rainy day，on national day，on the morning of january 3rd，on the afternoon of his arrivalin：用在某年、月

4、、季节、上午、下午、晚上等的时间名词以及较长的时间如世纪、朝代之前。in the tang dynasty，in september，in the morning/afternoon/evening注意:当时间名词前有this，that，last，next，some，every等词限定时，通常不用任何介词。(2) for，during，throughfor：指某个动作或状态持续了多少时间。during：指某个动作或状态在某个时间段里或整个过程中断断续续地发生过多次，或在整个时间段里的某一点发生过，起止时间比较明显。through：在期间；从开头到结尾(最后那天包括在内，此时与throughou

5、t相同)(3) from，sincefrom: 只用作介词，表示某动作或情况自某时开始，不表示什么时候结束。since：既可用作介词，也可用作连词，常表示某动作或情况自某时开始，一直持续到说话时刻。(4) before，by，until，tillbefore：早于；在之前by： 表示“不迟于，在(某时)前”。表示“在期间，在时间内”。until：是比较正式的用法。在肯定句中和持续性动词连用，表示动作一直持续到until后面的时间为止；在否定句中和瞬间性动词连用，表示该动作直到until后面的时间才开始。till：意义与until相同。(5)after，in，withinafter：后接时间段表

6、示过去“一段时间之后”，与一般过去时态连用；后接时间点表示“某一时刻之后”，与将来时态连用。in：后接时间段表示“在何时”或将来“一段时间之后”，与将来时态连用。within：指“在之内”，强调事情发生的全过程不超过某一段时间。2) 表示方位的介词(1) on，above，over和below，under，beneath on，above，over皆可表示“在之上”。区别是on表示与表面接触的上方；above表示“在上方，高于”，但不垂直，表面不接触；over表示正上方，强调“垂直在之上”，如果over指上下接触，则含有部分或全部覆盖之意，还可表示动作在某物体的上方进行，意为“越过，通过”。

7、below，under，beneath皆可表示“在之下”。below表示不垂直并与表面不接触的下方；under表示垂直并与表面不接触的下方；beneath表示在某物之下，可以表示垂直或不垂直，也可以表示上下接触的意思。(2) in front of，in the front of两个介词短语皆有“在前面”的意思，区别是:in front of通常相对于某物体的外部来说，指某人或某物位于该物前面，意为“在前面”；in the front of通常相对于空间而言，指某人或某物位于某个空间的内部，意为“在的前部”。(3) near，beside，bybeside和near都有“靠近”的意思，besi

8、de强调“在旁边(at the side of)”，指两者的位置关系，多用于人；near意为“在附近(at a short distance from)”，表示两者之间的距离，多用于场所，另外near还可表示时间或程度等。by表示“在旁边”时含有“倚，凭，靠，沿着”等意。 (4) about，round，around表示“在周围”时，about指的是“靠近周围”，不表示“把团团围住”，而round和around指“完全的、封闭的周围”，round既可表示静态位置，也可表示动态的动作，around通常表示静态的位置。(5) along，across，through，byalong意为“沿着”，和

9、动态动词连用，也可以和静态动词连用，表示“在空间的某一点上，在某一段空间里”。across的含义与on有关，表示动作是在某一物体的表面进行的，指从一端到另一端或成十字交叉穿过。across可以表示“在对面或另一边”，相当于opposite。through的含义与in有关，表示动作从物体中间穿过，这个动作是在三维空间进行的。by表示从某物或某人的旁边经过。3) 表示“原因，理由”的介词常见的有for，because of，owing to，due to，on account of，thanks to，out of等。for：多与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason，famous等词连用。bec

10、ause of：意为“由于，因为”，强调因果关系，在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。owing to: 与because of一样，也强调因果关系，除作状语外，也可作表语。作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末，用逗号隔开。due to：引出造成后果的原因，在句中作表语、状语和定语。作表语和状语时与owing to同义，作状语时，一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开。on account of：与because of，owing to同 义，但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。thanks to：只能用作状语，可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的

11、“感谢”)。out of：意为“因为，出于，由于”，后面常接抽象名词。4) 表示“支持，反对”的介词:against：意为“反对”，指在观点或主张方面与某人采取对立的态度。for：指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，意思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of 同义。注意:against还有“倚着，靠着”的意思。e.g. his bed is against the wall. 他的床靠墙放着。 5) 表示“除之外”的介词except: 指从所提到的人或事物中除去，即从整体中除去一部分。but: 与except意义相同，但其语气较except弱，常与不定代词和疑问代词连用。注意:当ex

12、cept位于句首时，后面往往加上for。except for this，everything is in good order.everything is in good order except this.除此之外，一切状况良好。except for：意为“除之外”，它的含义是肯定句子主体，排除局部。besides：意为“除之外(还有)”。注意:besides还可用作副词，意为“而且；还有”。e.g. i don't want to go; besides, i am too tired.我不想去了，再说我也太累了。other than：意为“除之外”，后可接名词、代词、动名词和动词

13、原形，并且可以与but，except互换；但当except后接副词、介词短语和when从句等时，but/other than不可替换except。apart from：既可以表示besides，又可以表示except或者except for，还可以表示without的意思。注意:用于否定句时，besides，except与but可相互替换。no other students passed the difficult math exam except/besides/but lin tao and wu dong.除林涛和吴东外，其他的学生都没有通过那次很难的数学考试。三介词的固定搭配： 1.

14、介词短语: on average 平均 in favor of 支持with regard to 关于 rather than 而不是in case of 如果, 假使 in detail 详细地in vain 徒劳地 on purpose 故意地in turn 依次 in general 一般来说on the contrary 相反 in advance 提前apart from 除之外 in addition to 除之外instead of 代替 in need 急需, 在危难中in spite of 不管, 不顾 regardless of 不管, 不顾in charge of 负责,

15、 主管 in exchange of 作为交换in return for 作为回报 out of sight 在视野之外out of question 不成问题 out of order 出故障, 混乱other than 除了, 不同于 beyond description 难以描述地by means of 依靠, 借助于 in terms of 就而言in honor of 为了纪念, 向表示敬意for the benefit of 为了利益by accident/by chance 偶然, 意外地2. 介词在动词短语中的固定搭配用法: lead to 导致 feel like 想要go

16、against 违背 call for 需要, 要求 agree with 同意, 赞同 care about 关心, 介意apply to 适用于 contribute to 贡献, 有助于, 促成appeal to 呼吁, 上诉, 对感兴趣remind sb. of sth. 提醒某人某事inform sb. of sth. 通知某人某事convince sb. of sth. 使某人确信某事3. 介词与形容词形成的固定搭配用法: be crazy about 着迷于, 热衷于be absorbed in 全神贯注于be popular with 受欢迎be enthusiastic ab

17、out 热衷于be afraid of 对感到害怕的be proud of 对感到自豪的be particular about 对挑剔的be bored with 对感到厌倦的be strict with 对要求严格的【真题分析】一、单项选择1. (2018·天津卷) bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went _.a. at first b. after allc. above all d. at random【答案】b2. (2018·

18、江苏卷) chinas soft power grows _ the increasing appreciation and understanding of china globally.a. in line with b. in reply toc. in return for d. in honour of【答案】a【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：中国的软实力增长与日俱增与全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。a. in line with按照；与一致；b. in reply to答复；c. in return for作为的报答；d. in honour of为纪念，为庆祝。故选a

19、。3. (2018·北京卷)good morning, mr. lees office.good morning. id like to make an appointment _ next wednesday afternoon.a. for b. on c. in d. at【答案】a【解析】考查介词。句意：早上好，lee先生办公室。早上好。我想预约下周三下午（和mr. lee见面）。make an appointment for意为“为预约”，是固定搭配，故a选项正确。4.(2017·北京卷) many people who live along the coast

20、make a living _ fishing industry. a. at b. in c. on d. by【答案】b【解析】句意：许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。此处用个词近不用by，因为by后面通常接做什么事情来谋生；此处是指在捕鱼这个行业里，在这个行们里谋生，用in，故选b。5.(2017·江苏卷) determining where we are _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.a. in contrast to b. in defense ofc. in face of

21、 d. in relation to【答案】d 【解析】考查介词短语。a. in contrast to对比，截然不同；b. in defense of为辩护；c. in face of面对；d. in relation to与有关。句意：根据周围的环境辨别方位仍然是我们生存的一项极其重要的技能。故选d。6.(2017·北京卷) when you drive through the redwood forests in california, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.a. among b. against c

22、. behind d. below【答案】a【解析】句意:当你开车穿过加利福尼亚的红木森林时,你将会穿梭于超过千年历史的树木之间。be among位于之间；be against反对；be behind在后面；be below在之下。根据句意选a7.(2017·天津卷) when you drive through the redwood forests in california, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.a. among b. against c. behind d. below【答案】a8. (2017&

23、#183;天津卷) we offer an excellent education to our students. _, we expect students to work hard.a. on average b. at best c. in return d. after all【答案】c【解析】考查介词短语辨析。试题分析:句意:我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育，作为回报，我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。a.平均起来，一般说来 b.最多，充其量 c.作为汇报 d.毕竟，终究。根据句意选c9. (2016·浙江) in many ways, the education syste

24、m in the us is not very different from _in the uk.a. that b. this c. one d. it【答案】a【解析】考查代词。试题分析：句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系很不相同。指代上文的名词education system，用that，而且后面有介词短语作后置定语。this表示“近指”，one是泛指可数名词单数，it是特指上文提到的名词。故选a。10. (2016·浙江) the study suggests that the cultures we grow up _influence the basic

25、processes by which we see world around us.a. on b. in c. at d. about【答案】b二、单句填空1. (2018·浙江卷) if you are not going to suffer this problem, then i suggest that the next time you go to your mums home _65_ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。2. (201

26、8·北京卷) i think the faith that everyone has shown _33_ him has touched him.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。大家向tom表示出的信任触动了tom。faith意为“信任，相信”，常和介词in搭配，意为“对的信任，相信”，故填in。3. (2017·全国i卷) this trend, which was started by the medical community（医学界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended sid

27、e effects such as overweight and heart disease【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：这一趋势最初始于医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的方法。as表示“作为，以身份”，故填as。4. (2017·全国ii卷) it ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and _62_ work.【答案】from【解析】考查介词，to and from来回，故填fro

28、m。5. (2017·全国卷) after school she plans to take a year off to model full­time before going to university to get a degree _68_ engineering or architecture.【答案】in【解析】名词degree意为“学位”，后面应该跟介词in，表示“在方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。6.(2017·天津卷)when you drive through t

29、he redwood forests in california, you will be _ trees that are over 1,000 years old.【答案】among【解析】句意：当你驾车穿越加利福尼亚的红木森林时，你将会置身于千年以上树龄的树林中。among “在之间；在中”，由前文中的drive through the redwood forests可知among符合句意。7.(2017·北京卷)many people who live along the coast make a living _ fishing industry.【答案】in【解析】句意：

30、许多住在海边上的人都是靠渔业来谋生的。介词in在此表示“从事于”。make a living in fishing industry “靠渔业谋生”。 8.(2017·江苏高考)determining where we are in relation _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival.【答案】to9. (2016·全国卷) chopsticks are not used everywhere in asia. in india, for example, most people tr

31、aditionally eat _ their hands.【答案】with【解析】with ones hands “用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。10. (2016·四川高考)the mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.【答案】for【解析】句意：熊猫妈妈对小熊猫的照顾会持续两年多。“for时间段”表示持续一段时间。三、单句改错1. (2018·全国ii卷) still i unwilling to play the games for them sometimes.

32、【答案】forwith【解析】考查介词。play the games with sb.表示“和某人一块玩游戏”，故把for改为with。2. (2018·全国i卷) at the end of our trip, i told my father that i planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】删除for 【解析】考查介词的用法。时间名词有every，each，last等词修饰时，其前不用介词。故删除for。3. (2017·全国i卷) it was a relief and i came to

33、 a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road.【答案】onof4. (2017·全国ii卷) they have also bought for some gardening tools. besides, they often get some useful information from the internet.【答案】去掉bought后的for【解析】buy是及物动词，后面直接接名词或代词作宾语。5. (2017·全国卷)when i look at this picture of myself, i realiz

34、e of how fast time flies. i have grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.【答案】去掉realize后的of【解析】realize是及物动词，后面直接跟宾语从句“how fast time flies”。6. (2016· 全国i卷) my uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time.【答案】becoming前加of。【解析】考查介词。dream of doin

35、g sth是固定搭配，意为“梦想做某事”。7. (2016· 全国ii卷) but in that case, we will learn little about world.【答案】在world前加the。【解析】考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故应用定冠词the。8. (2016·全国卷) at the first, i thought i knew everything and could make decisions by myself.【答案】删除the。【解析】考查固定搭配。at first表示“起初”。9. (2016· 四川卷) i ask

36、ed mom to stay in the sitting room and i cooked in kitchen【答案】kitchen前加the。【解析】此处特指“我”家的厨房，故加the。10. (2016· 浙江卷) every time he arrived home at end of the day, wed greet him at the door【答案】end前添加the。【解析】考查冠词。此处at the end of是固定词组，表示“在的最后”。【对点测试】一、单项选择1. (2018·天津市一中) graduation is a good time

37、 to thank those who have helped you the tough years.a. through b. up c. with d. from【答案】a【解析】介词辨析. a.度过，通过,强调从内部通过 b. 在上，向上； c.带有，用某种工具 d. 从；来自。句意：毕业时刻是一个感谢那些曾经帮助你度过艰难岁月的人的好时刻。故选a。2. (2018·江苏无锡一中) the uk will play a huge role in the belt and road countries, not just _ trade, and capital flows b

38、ut also people to people flows.a. in terms of b. in view of c. in favor of d. in regard to【答案】a3. (2018·江苏无锡一中) bitcoin (比特币) is a digital currency used by terrorists and drug dealers, as well as major companies like microsoft and o. _, everyone from private individuals who order pizza to terro

39、rists who order weapons.a. among other things b. on top of thatc. more often than not d. in other words【答案】d【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：比特币是一种电子货币，除了微软和o等大公司使用外，恐怖分子和毒品交易上也使用比特币。换句话说，从订购披萨的个人到购买武器的恐怖分子都使用比特币。a. among other things除了其它方面；b. on top of that除此以外；c. more often than not通常；d. in other words换句话说。根据语境，故选

40、d。4. (2018·江苏启东中学) before real estate control policies were introduced, people hoped that their income would be increased _ the rise in housing prices.a. in touch with b. in anticipation ofc. in line with d. in combination of【答案】c5. (2018·江苏常熟中学) why do you suggest we buy a new machine?bec

41、ause the old one has been damaged .a. beyond reach b. beyond repairc. beyond control d. beyond description【答案】b【解析】考查介词短语。a. beyond reach够不着；b. beyond repair无法修理；c. beyond control无法控制；d. beyond description无法形容。句意：-你为什么建议我们买台新机器?-因为旧的已经损坏无法修理。表示无法修理，故选b. 6. (2018·北京人大) - i have been working for

42、more than 30 years! im going to retire next month.- really? you dont look a day 40!a. over b. by c. with d. for【答案】a【解析】考查介词。 -我已经工作30多年了。很快就要退休了。-真的吗？你看起来一点都不像40多岁的样子。over在-之上，结合句意，可知答案为a。7. (2018·天津耀华中学) - how did your brother lose so much weight?- _ eating less, he walked five miles every da

43、y.a. in terms of b. in spite ofc. in addition to d. with regard to【答案】c【解析】考查介词短语。a. in spite of虽然 b. in addition to此外c. instead of相反的d. thanks to 多亏了。句意：-她怎么象预期一样减了那么多肥？-除了少吃，她每天慢跑五英里。选c。【点睛】本题考查了介词的短语辨析，在平时要加强识记，本题的4个项考查都很多。8. (2018·北京丰台区) what is your main reason for choosing one restaurant

44、another?a. over b. of c. from d. for【答案】a【解析】考查介词。句意：杰克，你选择这家饭店，而不是另一家的主要原因是什么？over强调比较的概念，意为“胜过”，你选择一家餐馆而不是另一家。故a正确。of表示所属关系；from表示“来自，从”；for表示“为了”。 9. (2018· 北京海淀区) this view is common _ all sections of the community.a. across b. above c. around d. along【答案】a10. (2018·北京朝阳区) the boy is h

45、aving a fever. youd better damp a towel and lay it _ his forehead.a. across b. within c. through d. beyond【答案】a【解析】考查介词。句意：这个男孩在发烧。你最好把毛巾弄湿，铺在他的额头上。a. across从表面上穿过；b. within在里面；c. through从里面穿过；d. beyond超过。根据句意可知在额头上用across, 故选a.二、单句填空1. (2018·全国名校联盟) as for the treasures, selection criteria, yu

46、 said the show tries to take _48_ account historical, artistic and scientific values.【答案】into【解析】考查介词。take into account “考虑”是固定短语，故填into。2. (2018·河北衡水中学) consequently, telegrams, letters and telephone calls _47_ all over the country poured in.【答案】from【解析】考查介词。因此，来自全世界的电报、信件和电话蜂拥而来。表示“来自”，所以填fro

47、m。3. (2018·广东中山一中等) for most chinese brides, red shoes should also be worn _42_ their big day.【答案】on【解析】句意：对于大多数中国新娘来说，红鞋也应该在她们的大日子里穿。“在某一天”用介词on。4. (2018· 广东仲元中学等) but never again did my mother close out my day _45_ that familiar expression of her love.【答案】with【解析】意思是“用她那熟悉的爱的表达方式”，表示“用”，

48、填介词with。5. (2018·浙江杭州市) they ended up _44_ the same high school where they kept regular contacts over the years.【答案】in【解析】考查介词。在同一所学校用in the same high school。6. (2018·江西新余市) during the eighteenth century, it was usual for several neighboring towns to get together to select a faraway spot _

49、42_ a dump site(垃圾场).【答案】as【解析】考查介词。句意：在18世纪，几个相邻的城镇通常会一起选择一个偏远的地点作为垃圾场。as作介词意为“作为，当作”。7. (2018·江西新余市) in short, i believe that it is_49_great use to keep a diary in english for the development of our writing skills.【答案】of8. (2018·江西临川一中) you are not wearing your seat belt, so you can slid

50、e in and out of your seat easily. that sounds _47_ a lot of fun.【答案】like【解析】考查介词。句意：那听起来像是很有趣。sound like意为“听起来像”，故填like。9. (2018·杭州外国语学校) in other words, i guess, labor _19_ her was more important than oratory which means making speeches.【答案】for【解析】考查介词。根据上文“laboratory-in this room the first fi

51、ve letters of the word was emphasized, not the last seven.”和“in other words”可推断，我认为，劳动对于她来说比演讲更重要。for“对”符合语境。故填for。10. (2018·辽宁六校协作体) the book tells the story of the growing relationship_49_city girl, sunflower, and country boy, bronze.【答案】between【解析】考查介词。句意：这本书讲述了一个城市女孩，向日葵和乡村男孩，青铜的故事。between

52、-and-，两者之间，故答案为between。三、单句改错1. (2018·全国名校联盟) and we should communicate to our parents regularly can know what is happening in our school.【答案】towith【解析】考查介词。communicate with sb.“与某人交流”；communicate to“传递”是固定短语，结合句意，故将to改为with。2. (2018·湖南长郡中学) the students were afraid of him though he was se

53、ldom pleased of the answers they gave.【答案】(pleased) ofwith3. (2018·湖北黄冈中学) between all the subjects, english was my favourite and im good at it.【答案】betweenamong/of【解析】考查介词。在所有的科目中，英语是我最喜欢的也是我擅长的科目。表示“在中”，所以第六句between改成among/of。4. (2018·河北武邑中学) in order to prevent from this dangerous behavior, more overpasses(立交桥) should be built to make it easier for the public to cross the street.【答案】去掉from【解析】考查介词。根据语境