物理化学专业术语

1、爆炸界限 explosion limits 霍根-华森图 Hougen-Watson Chart 德拜和法尔肯哈根效应Debye and Falkenhagen effect 德拜休克尔极限公式 Debye-Huckels limiting equation 德拜立方公式 Debye cubic formula 聚沉值 coagulation value 聚沉 coagulation 聚（合）电解质polyelectrolyte 精馏 rectify 键焓bond enthalpy 触变 thixotropy 解离化学吸附 dissociation chemical adsorption 简并

2、度 degeneracy 感胶离子序 lyotropic series 催化剂 catalyst 隔离法the isolation method 隔离系统 isolated system 道尔顿定律 Dalton law 道尔顿分压定律 Dalton partial pressure law超电势 over potential 缔合化学吸附 association chemical adsorption 等温等容位Helmholtz free energy 等温等压位Gibbs free energy 等温方程 equation at constant temperature 等焓线isent

3、halpic line 等焓过程 isenthalpic process 等几率定理 theorem of equal probability 焦耳定律 Joule's law 焦耳-汤姆生效应 Joule-Thomson effect 焦耳-汤姆生实验 Joule-Thomson experiment 焦耳-汤姆生系数 Joule-Thomson coefficient 焦耳Joule 敞开系统 open system 菲克扩散第一定律 Ficks first law of diffusion 粗分散系统 thick disperse system 第三定律熵 third-law e

4、ntropy 第二类永动机 perpetual machine of the second kind 第一类永动机 perpetual machine of the first kind 盖斯定律 Hess law 盖·吕萨克定律 Gay-Lussac law s9 焓 enthalpy 混合熵 entropy of mixing 混合物 mixture 接触角 contact angle 接触电势contact potential 弹式量热计 bomb calorimeter 常见术语基态能级 energy level at ground state 基希霍夫公式 Kirchhof

5、f formula 基元反应elementary reactions 高会溶点 upper consolute point 高分子溶液 macromolecular solution 胶凝作用 demulsification 胶核 colloidal nucleus 胶束micelle胶冻 broth jelly 胶体粒子 colloidal particles 胶体化学 collochemistry uJ胶体分散系统 dispersion system of colloid x'Qw(胶体 colloid ZG%9胶团 micelle vw(7积分溶解热 integration he

6、at of dissolution 0GKNyG盎萨格电导理论Onsagers theory of conductance nY_9=<爱因斯坦斯托克斯方程 Einstein-Stokes equation #IT爱因斯坦光化当量定律 Einsteins law of photochemical equivalence )X*77+浸湿功 immersion wetting work K'(:e浸湿 immersion wetting y5'9>格罗塞斯德雷珀定律 Grotthus-Draoers law &FZ根均方速率 root-mean-square

7、speed 1C#f费米狄拉克统计Fermi-Dirac statistics _Z82绝热量热计adiabatic calorimeter ftLh绝热指数 adiabatic index 2绝热过程 adiabatic process +:D&5绝对熵 absolute entropy u绝对温标absolute temperature scale KMO#绝对反应速率理论 absolute reaction rate theory U<fs结晶热heat of crystallization 结线 tie line gmKm,科尔劳施离子独立运动定律 Kohlrauschs

8、 Law of Independent Migration of Ions 1""_>界面张力 surface tension GG8C界面 interfaces hlD_玻色爱因斯坦统计Bose-Einstein statistics )W玻尔兹曼熵定理 Boltzmann entropy theorem S"Gv玻尔兹曼常数 Boltzmann constant 3"玻尔兹曼分布 Boltzmann distribution OV玻尔兹曼公式 Boltzmann formula l$nP独立子系统 independent particle sy

9、stem LAMd活度 activity 3Tspk活化控制 activation control "Fd活化能activation energy :8,WI活化络合物理论 activated complex theory 3b标准熵 standard entropy *标准摩尔燃烧焓 standard molar combustion enthalpy |3QG标准摩尔熵 standard molar entropy K标准摩尔焓函数 standard molar enthalpy function D标准摩尔吉布斯自由能函数 standard molar Gibbs free e

10、nergy function +F0标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation enthalpy :Qf标准摩尔生成吉布斯函数 standard molar formation Gibbs function G标准摩尔反应熵 standard molar reaction entropy AY标准摩尔反应焓 standard molar reaction enthalpyuK&标准摩尔反应吉布斯函数 standard Gibbs function of molar reaction qg标准氢电极 standard hydrogen electrode 标准态 s

11、tandard state 2m"标准状况 standard condition W标准压力 standard pressure M_iG标准电极电势 standard electrode potential 7IHl<标准电动势 standard electromotive force q标准平衡常数 standard equilibrium constant Ii柯诺瓦洛夫吉布斯定律 Konovalov-Gibbs law |$; 查理定律 Charles law rO挥发度volatility I恒容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant

12、 volume d3>恒容热 heat at constant volume -W)T恒沸混合物 constant boiling mixture DlEh=r恒压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity at constant pressure 1uJX恒压热 heat at constant pressure <Bi恒外压 constant external pressure 1 J|H封闭系统 closed system 7lLG复合反应composite reaction Of7R-饱和蒸气压 saturated vapor pressure _<饱和蒸气 s

13、aturated vapor J;饱和液体 saturated liquids P饱和吸附量 saturated extent of adsorption REe-非基元反应 non-elementary reactions H,e,非依时计量学反应 time independent stoichiometric reactions r非体积功 non-volume work |yr|规定熵 stipulated entropy Anve:表面活性剂surfactants eh;.表面质量作用定律 surface mass action law AA7表面张力 surface tension

14、*6L*u表面吸附量 surface excess MnN表面过程控制 surface process control V=bE表面 surfaces bF<My#表观摩尔质量 apparent molecular weight <,表观活化能apparent activation energy IGBI表观迁移数apparent transference number F范德华常数 van der Waals constant qk)范德华气体 van der Waals gases Jy?t!X范德华方程 van der Waals equation #范德华力 van der

15、 Waals force 2F范特霍夫渗透压公式 vant Hoff equation of osmotic pressure 1范特霍夫规则 vant Hoff rule C>FY范特霍夫方程 vant Hoff equation LuY环境熵变 entropy change in environment t<环境 environment K,FS波义尔温度 Boyle temperature $KN波义尔点 Boyle point /u*8波义尔定律 Boyle law moS)+法拉第常数 faraday constant 'g?法拉第定律 Faradays law

16、AR2泊Poise <<J+沸点升高 elevation of boiling point |piwD沸点 boiling point )R构型熵configurational entropy q定域子系统 localized particle system Er?F"定容摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant volume 0iH0QY定容温度计 Constant voIume thermometer OYR定压摩尔热容 molar heat capacity under constant pressure , 'OBi定

17、压温度计 constant pressure thermometer k孤立系统 isolated system z<Osx固溶胶 solid sol "&9zb固相线 solid phase line ()#固态混合物 solid solution Rk<单链反应 straight chain reactions R单分子层吸附理论 mono molecule layer adsorption H单分子反应 unimolecular reaction _tg7附加压力 excess pressure Yp阿累尼乌斯活化能 Arrhenius activation

18、 energy t(|LLs阿累尼乌斯电离理论Arrhenius ionization theory /dq4阿累尼乌斯方程Arrhenius equation PQ'阿伏加德罗常数 Avogadronumber y阿伏加德罗定律 Avogadro law IdA阿马格定律 Amagat law %沉降电势 sedimentation potential g.沉降平衡 sedimentation equilibrium 1%E沉降 sedimentation -rvK极限摩尔电导率 limiting molar conductivity d+极化作用 polarization #ySz

19、极化曲线 polarization curves V,极化电极电势 polarization potential of electrode dK_1杠杆规则 lever rule 低熔冰盐合晶 cryohydric $/kYn低共熔混合物 eutectic mixture n7.低共熔点 eutectic point ,低会溶点 lower consolute point F7<亨利常数 Henry constant ,亨利定律 Henry law j过程 process mWhV过渡状态理论 transition state theory s'过热液体 overheated l

20、iquid B过饱和蒸气 oversaturated vapor 27过饱和溶液 oversaturated solution Q,*0过冷液体 overcooled liquid W过冷水 super-cooled water +RrS负极 negative pole M负吸附 negative adsorption m安托万常数 Antoine constant R安托万方程 Antoine equation LL2sQ多方过程polytropic process ESA多分子层吸附理论 adsorption theory of multi-molecular layers'吉布斯

21、函数判据 Gibbs function criterion 'e吉布斯函数 Gibbs function *;r/吉布斯杜亥姆方程 Gibbs-Duhem equation #QYYb吉布斯吸附公式Gibbs adsorption formula ?#e(吉布斯自由能 Gibbs free energy vY_吉布斯亥姆霍兹方程 Gibbs-Helmhotz equation Ksi吉氏函数 Gibbs function j6Kd<s动力学控制 kinetics control bi9动力学方程kinetic equations B共轭溶液 conjugate solution

22、su1k共沸温度 azeotropic temperature *O>光谱熵 spectrum entropy 4光敏反应 photosensitized reactions $aq#?光反应 photoreaction HK#光化学第二定律 the second law of actinochemistry aCVu>u光化学第一定律 the first law of actinochemistry pG价数规则 rule of valence '产率 yield IL亥姆霍兹函数判据 Helmholtz function criterion >亥姆霍兹函数 Hel

23、mholtz function v/(6h亥姆霍兹自由能 Helmholtz free energy .=a亥氏函数 Helmholtz function E*FV节流膨胀系数 coefficient of throttling expansion -DX节流膨胀 throttling expansion H?节流过程 throttling process Hv4艾林方程 Erying equation lA8UJ电解池 electrolytic cell <P电量计 coulometer #电渗析 electrodialysis 5电渗 electroosmosis JW电流效率cur

24、rent efficiency BL6h电泳 electrophoresis VyIla电极种类 type of electrodes Z电极电势 electrode potential sxdn电极反应 reactions on the electrode oM.L8S电迁移率 electromobility EPODU电迁移 electro migration oh电池常数 cell constant y电池电动势 electromotive force of cells RV*;电池反应 cell reaction T电导率 conductivity 9C9L 电导 conductanc

25、e hQKG电动势的温度系数 temperature coefficient of electromotive force OF&H=q电动电势 zeta potential +电功electric work SdZh电化学极化 electrochemical polarization U电化学 electrochemistry a甘汞电极 calomel electrode u?zK弗罗因德利希吸附经验式 Freundlich empirical formula of adsorption 4z布朗运动 brownian movement q对称数 symmetry number $

26、R(对应状态原理 principle of corresponding state L+对行反应reversible reactions 5$BW*S对比摩尔体积 reduced mole volume ,$W!对比温度 reduced temperature A对比体积 reduced volume QOV对比压力 reduced pressure 卡诺循环 Carnot cycle QC卡诺定理 Carnot theorem 9cQ>6半衰期half time period hSj#半电池half cell 0q3功函work content S>JYK功 work .A!N计

27、量系数 stoichiometric coefficient R ;u计量式 stoichiometric equation比浓粘度 reduced viscosity 比表面吉布斯函数 specific surface Gibbs function 比表面功 specific surface work 开尔文公式 Kelvin formula 反渗透 reverse osmosis 反应速率常数 constant of reaction rate 反应速率rate of reaction 反应热heat of reaction 反应进度 extent of reaction 反应级数 rea

28、ction orders 反应分子数 molecularity反电动势back E.M.F. 化学热力学chemical thermodynamics 化学亲合势 chemical affinity 化学势判据 chemical potential criterion 化学势 chemical potential 化学吸附 chemisorptions 化学动力学chemical kinetics 化学反应进度 extent of chemical reaction 化学反应计量系数 stoichiometric coefficient of chemical reaction C化学反应计量

29、式 stoichiometric equation of chemical reaction Gl3 $分解电压 decomposition voltage y(-分散相 dispersion phase qq分散系统 disperse system &<分配定律 distribution law 1d:*分体积定律 partial volume law 4v;|n|分体积 partial volume aIOoi分压定律 partial pressure law b分压 partial pressure 852?t分布数 distribution numbers RH&

30、_分布 distribution J0分子蒸馏molecular distillation Mnm;分子间力 intermolecular force wpG3w分子反应力学 mechanics of molecular reactions m71:不可逆相变化 irreversible phase changeVeye不可逆过程热力学thermodynamics of irreversible processes lMXK不可逆过程 irreversible process 'iu广度性质 extensive property 9'=D+广延量 extensive quant

31、ity +t?c广延性质 extensive property v;l%几率因子 steric factor fw_?二级相变second order phase change ,(二级反应second order reaction +/丁达尔效应 Dyndall effect Tsn;电势 zeta potential 5?d!EpVT性质 pVT property 4cHLB法hydrophile-lipophile balance method 9b=DLVO理论 DLVO theory 3qe'XBET公式BET formula ,h可能的电解质potential electr

32、olyte D可逆电池 reversible cell 5+?可逆过程 reversible process hFA_Zh可逆过程方程 reversible process equation wIC?可逆体积功 reversible volume work |h 6n可逆相变 reversible phase change 克拉佩龙方程 Clapeyron equation 克劳修斯不等式 Clausius inequality w42克劳修斯克拉佩龙方程 Clausius-Clapeyron equation vfDiy控制步骤 control step 3库仑计 coulometer -4

33、K,扩散控制 diffusion controlled l_拉普拉斯方程 Laplaces equation 6ow'I拉乌尔定律 Raoult law ,?兰格缪尔欣谢尔伍德机理 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism 0"f)兰格缪尔吸附等温式 Langmuir adsorption isotherm formula *a)8'雷利公式 Rayleigh equation )冷冻系数coefficient of refrigeration qH冷却曲线 cooling curve 离解热heat of dissociation fL|M=i离

34、解压力dissociation pressure gkK*离域子系统 non-localized particle systems S离子的标准摩尔生成焓 standard molar formation of ion 6离子的电迁移率 mobility of ions I|*离子的迁移数 transport number of ions '离子独立运动定律 law of the independent migration of ions il离子氛 ionic atmosphere -9l%ui离子强度 ionic strength |QC理想混合物 perfect mixture

35、SOQ9)理想气体 ideal gas zn2理想气体的绝热指数 adiabatic index of ideal gases X理想气体的微观模型 micro-model of ideal gas 1t(T理想气体反应的等温方程 isothermal equation of ideal gaseous reactions Lx=wx理想气体绝热可逆过程方程 adiabatic reversible process equation of ideal gase_理想气体状态方程 state equation of ideal gas u理想稀溶液 ideal dilute solution 1

36、K理想液态混合物 perfect liquid mixture <Ng粒子 particles /2y#0粒子的配分函数 partition function of particles z连串反应consecutive reactions T.(B%链的传递物 chain carrier ?E链反应 chain reactions 4量热熵 calorimetric entropy xX量子统计quantum statistics q0N量子效率 quantum yield %临界参数 critical parameter 1R9t%n临界常数 critical constant a)h

37、Z0临界点 critical point v/it 临界胶束浓度critical micelle concentration 85z+N临界摩尔体积 critical molar volume x临界温度 critical temperature %临界压力 critical pressure +gG4C临界状态 critical state kh零级反应zero order reaction zlD,x5流动电势 streaming potential cvrJ流动功 flow work 7J)笼罩效应 cage effect #Q路易斯兰德尔逸度规则 Lewis-Randall rule

38、of fugacity ?6"S露点 dew point / %S露点线 dew point line gJ$麦克斯韦关系式 Maxwell relations 1e,kU)麦克斯韦速率分布 Maxwell distribution of speeds Ln;ht麦克斯韦能量分布 MaxwelIdistribution of energy -u/>$毛细管凝结 condensation in capillary E)vBu毛细现象 capillary phenomena j米凯利斯常数 Michaelis constant PY摩尔电导率 molar conductivity

39、_865摩尔反应焓 molar reaction enthalpy /摩尔混合熵 mole entropy of mixing &摩尔气体常数 molar gas constant #F6j摩尔热容 molar heat capacity 6O#P摩尔溶解焓 mole dissolution enthalpy w摩尔稀释焓 mole dilution enthalpy *&6$d内扩散控制 internal diffusions control 34,iV内能 internal energy MA7RVn内压力 internal pressure ?:q能级 energy le

40、vels ,+jm能级分布 energy level distribution , Fo4能量均分原理 principle of the equipartition of energy Wnc能斯特方程 Nernst equation oRsQK能斯特热定理 Nernst heat theorem N*;凝固点 freezing point Wph#,凝固点降低 lowering of freezing point p&I8>凝固点曲线 freezing point curve ?ZE凝胶 gelatin k凝聚态 condensed state$ :Q>k凝聚相 cond

41、ensed phase 浓差超电势 concentration over-potential "7&S浓差极化 concentration polarization %0浓差电池 concentration cells _sfL帕斯卡pascal PT泡点 bubble point iEDw泡点线 bubble point line n9 配分函数 partition function ICi配分函数的析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a p6"rroduct of the separ

42、ate partition functions for each kind of state |1;D碰撞截面 collision cross section W4vFV碰撞数 the number of collisions F|W.r偏摩尔量 partial mole quantities n平衡常数（理想气体反应） equilibrium constants for reactions of ideal gases 3gz平动配分函数 partition function of translation x_&2:平衡分布 equilibrium distribution yL:.

43、平衡态 equilibrium state Zdy平衡态近似法 equilibrium state approximation C平衡状态图 equilibrium state diagram :s平均活度 mean activity a平均活度系统 mean activity coefficient 5+?平均摩尔热容 mean molar heat capacity Q"/;c平均质量摩尔浓度 mean mass molarity R98Vs平均自由程mean free path 3!#平行反应parallel reactions >24G"破乳 demulsif

44、ication ZCo,T铺展 spreading /普遍化范德华方程 universal van der Waals equation g其它功 the other work #MWq6气化热heat of vaporization U气溶胶 aerosol q5气体常数 gas constant 气体分子运动论 kinetic theory of gases $H 气体分子运动论的基本方程 foundamental equation of kinetic theory of gases O气溶胶 aerosol ,cyVr气相线 vapor line E-Ko迁移数 transport n

45、umber 2Q潜热latent heat Fq=强度量 intensive quantity &"强度性质 intensive property 0:q亲液溶胶 hydrophilic sol v X氢电极 hydrogen electrodes dZT>I区域熔化zone melting T*sNC&热 heat Toz0i热爆炸 heat explosion T热泵 heat pump l'E-C热功当量mechanical equivalent of heat u!x|t热函heat content |热化学thermochemistry C:e

46、l热化学方程thermochemical equation |Km热机 heat engine x<.4热机效率 efficiency of heat engine 9<热力学 thermodynamics yaEq热力学第二定律 the second law of thermodynamics 3&<t热力学第三定律 the third law of thermodynamics Hc7/z热力学第一定律 the first law of thermodynamics 70Y1.热力学基本方程 fundamental equation of thermodynami

47、cs 热力学几率 thermodynamic probability :rd! ,热力学能 thermodynamic energy &zh热力学特性函数characteristic thermodynamic function |:q!热力学温标thermodynamic scale of temperature =+OK.D热力学温度thermodynamic temperature EYz.-热熵thermal entropy iE热效应heat effect Tfs熔点曲线 melting point curve Dm$L熔化热heat of fusion Zkw溶胶 coll

48、oidal sol <溶解焓 dissolution enthalpy $4$(溶液 solution X溶胀 swelling +IXA乳化剂 emulsifier P1sv"乳状液 emulsion *润湿 wetting &Z润湿角 wetting angle x萨克尔泰特洛德方程 Sackur-Tetrode equation .4%jO三相点 triple point DcSb三相平衡线 triple-phase line Fb/,熵 entropy VI-cv熵判据 entropy criterion S_6"熵增原理 principle of e

49、ntropy increase Q/#渗透压 osmotic pressure /-+$渗析法 dialytic process uD<I4生成反应 formation reaction ,fx升华热heat of sublimation m$0T实际气体 real gas L舒尔采哈迪规则 Schulze-Hardy rule yckK松驰力relaxation force !T4#G松驰时间time of relaxation ?/:B速度常数reaction rate constant M$速率方程rate equations B;速率控制步骤rate determining st

50、ep 4M塔费尔公式 Tafel equation E#态态反应 state-state reactions xFEpS唐南平衡 Donnan equilibrium fpxRZ淌度 mobility uJP特鲁顿规则 Trouton rule -dKH特性粘度 intrinsic viscosity lr体积功 volume work 5TIK9u统计权重 statistical weight e;R统计热力学 statistic thermodynamicsrG'3统计熵 statistic entropy x/Yx途径 path B'h途径函数 path function

51、 09-I外扩散控制 external diffusion control Fy-完美晶体 perfect crystalline q%3q6U完全气体 perfect gas O/微观状态 microstate -微态 microstate km韦斯顿标准电池 Weston standard battery Ne+q维恩效应Wien effect 1维里方程 virial equation GM#维里系数 virial coefficient >%4L稳流过程 steady flow process E-?eM稳态近似法 stationary state approximation &

52、#39;无热溶液athermal solution A无限稀溶液 solutions in the limit of extreme dilution E物理化学 Physical Chemistry E物理吸附 physisorptions cS5:hF吸附 adsorption 9Hlx吸附等量线 adsorption isostere P_*吸附等温线 adsorption isotherm =Eh吸附等压线 adsorption isobar Gdy吸附剂 adsorbent XH$F<吸附量 extent of adsorption !>吸附热 heat of adsor

53、ption 8;吸附质 adsorbate IxZ'析出电势 evolution or deposition potential woMK析因子性质 property that partition function to be expressed as a product of G=?PU稀溶液的依数性 colligative properties of dilute solutions sJ稀释焓 dilution enthalpy 1zt系统 system 5Oz系统点 system point Fvx#系统的环境 environment of system *61"&a

54、mp;!相 phase b>相变 phase change +b相变焓 enthalpy of phase change %相变化 phase change 2相变热 heat of phase change ?l相点 phase point apQ)相对挥发度relative volatility _相对粘度 relative viscosity xvmF相律 phase rule oC7?A相平衡热容heat capacity in phase equilibrium .T相图 phase diagram C<相倚子系统 system of dependent particles )Q悬浮液 suspension cYimX循环过程 cyclic process g(压力商 pressure quotient x;&En压缩