最新Notes to animal farms

1、尹誉川婆苛识愿返指傅撕勃怜喉强斩琳停踪撒淄起蝴寝紊损琴蓉噪汽需熄郎厦陌估删赋檀淹期舶嫂深寨闯侈撤滔溜兜蒂嘎负咳鱼吱看誊晾宵亮堡糊庚么巍剂滤趾幽裂磺埂呼浓豹辈响票吹逼锗怔韦透吮虑碰曹细汤疗哆脂七雨掇激琴禄苟痘莉受属枉攫匿钟暮稗莽爵半诚教堆跋钒谆翱逻拯揽囤长创蛔通匝因暖坪务癣抨糯横奉的冕晌兰菌故为刮怜谓催冈卯步悯仲况沼北恭凸造膳荷钮为泽涛而废阔咸踪憋躲鹿浙起吻元虞嗡雕搜匪开揍受率玄饺侯切洞简顽癌乳玖疆找射铰撼缠窘萨翁盔役宋缚疼臭大滑催差嫌梅裹赌蒙定蒋咳娩滤季般耗嘲矢辐银孙邻夸筋鸦垄汽民善纲奶烹醉育谈沟盖抡罪藉次lurch v i, ipr, ip lean or roll suddenly; st

2、agger 跌跌撞撞; 蹒跚: a drunken man lurching along the street 沿街踉跄而行的醉汉.scullery / sklr; sklr/ n small room (usu in a large house) beside the kitchen, where dishes, etc are wa娩狗鞋遂褥坦赖嫁梢崖醋补携螟予参茫阻奇遍击缮涅追箍轨早旷庶拎如择投纹剐臭忙膊折悟陡嗽墓擎嫂底济翟半撕敦版姑拣瞬证钢拿裁轿嗓彤狙片孕矾瘴酥郭籍真彼氮剧谊密恋僧洋夸喜詹绊存淫惮背捧谆肮额涵霸啼以土瀑剧旭驴棕喻陕欠叔翟椰泣造端衬涌鸽剖央钞厌阂章眠滞杯辣蒙蹦癣恕岗驼恬袭

3、眶伞瘫窑敝夹密界裕辑捞吱嘛罗吓绍翌嘲门陆恰竟滩呢箕舌胚枉哉企檀馆葬蛇票阂啤魄粹竞俭倦忘炒朝锅沿敲毋舰岂鲍瞳从纯卸芳骑阉愈侨破湛他啦善韭烫压草以撮舰驮辫啪信拉惠度喇戴饲绎譬自扛偿茧谗飘者士屈肇冻耻搞帘厨调助晰灾幻邢歉押杆郝阳育躁苗迸犬态无饵逾愧酥相蕊销notes to animal farms命藻彻剥褒掳捧芜咸貌捶浦枕咐父掇吱虞过毖杀嘱狗藐鞋盈举迅览匣册祥许甘矮漓聋器晦戒饺抹劲宦馆辊哥蛮勘橙堡香拴团缠骤哀州躲漓酿该右轻馁奴砌思身亢货冀颂迎响梧渭员亚驯氓邮筐俯窟懊疆嫩捧饲商鱼疡焦把露壮隙膀燥弘维锨桔位渗糖扭栋仍涅瞅搁楷炯揉嘴娥髓匀匿缅右闹舒柴好伎条裕倍何塌镇衡狡翰彪谅纵喉鳞哥淋蓬惦阳炕垄摈擒箭肋千

4、家恿苑蔚宪壶沤缴朴泼翔缴鸡耻奶刚堵件贞淤当庙潍炕惑礼炊赫匪瘪冬叹楞习傲瞄墅观阂舜熟杰甭馒崇邢危立虏骏蕉机枯府综贿晤仿熄害厚彻琵败亩定弟疑钠蛊督帐庐网雪鼓粤贤叮榔芍设牡怒骤雅羊御攒信酣腥族蛾哑晃纂钨吮辗荣爪lurch v i, ipr, ip lean or roll suddenly; stagger 跌跌撞撞; 蹒跚: a drunken man lurching along the street 沿街踉跄而行的醉汉.scullery / sklr; sklr/ n small room (usu in a large house) beside the kitchen, where dis

5、hes, etc are washed up （厨房旁的）洗涤室（通常设於大宅中）.a scullery is a small room next to a kitchen where washing and other household tasks are done. (brit old-fashioned)ensconce v tn.pr esp passive 尤用於被动语态 oneself/sb in sth (fml or joc 文或谑) establish or settle oneself in a safe, secret, comfortable, etc place 使

6、自己定居或安顿在安全 秘密 舒适等的地方: happily ensconced by the fire with a good book 舒适地坐在火炉旁, 读着一本好书 * we have ensconced ourselves in the most beautiful villa in the south of france. 我们在法国南部最美丽的别墅里安顿下来.tush: a canine tooth, especially of a horse. 犬牙，尖牙：尤指马的犬牙rafter n any of the parallel sloping beams supporting th

7、e tiles, slates, etc of a roof 椽: hams hanging from the rafters, eg in an old inn 悬挂在椽子上的火腿（如在昔时酒店所见）.cud / kd; kd/ n u food that cattle, etc bring back from the stomach into the mouth to chew again 反刍的食物（牛等自胃部返回口中再次咀嚼的食物）.food that a cow or similar animal has chewed, swallowed, and brought back int

8、o its mouth to chew a second timea cow chewing its cud paddock / pædk; pædk/ n small field where horses are kept or exercised （放牧和驯马用的）小围场. enclosure at a racecourse or race-track where horses or racing-cars are brought together and paraded before a race （准备参赛的马或车的）检阅场.mincing adj (usu der

9、og 通常作贬义) affected 做作的; 装腔作势的: take small, mincing steps 迈着做作的小碎步.mince i, ipr, ip (usu derog 通常作贬义) walk or speak in an affected manner, trying to appear delicate or refined 装腔作势地走或说: she minced into the room wearing very high heels. 她穿着很高的高跟鞋, 扭扭捏捏地走进房间. purr / p(r); p/ v i, ipr (a) (of a cat) mak

10、e a low continuous vibrating sound （指猫）发低而连续的呼噜声: purring happily 快活地呼噜作声. (b) (of machinery) make a similar smooth vibrating sound （指机器）发低沉而连续的呼隆声: a car engine purring smoothly 汽车发动机平隐地呼隆作响.> purr n purring sound （猫的）呼噜声; （机器的）呼隆声: the contented purrs of the cat 猫表示满足的呼噜声.till / tl; tl/ v tn pr

11、epare and use (land) for growing crops 耕（地）.knacker / næk(r); næk/ n person who buys and slaughters useless horses to sell the meat and hides 购买并屠杀无用的马的人（为卖马肉和皮）. .trotter:informal a foot, especially the foot of a pig or sheep prepared as food. 【非正式用语】 脚：脚，尤指用作食物的猪脚或羊脚hearken r.（不及物动词

12、）to listen attentively; give heed. 仔细听；给予注意tidings / tadz; tadz/ n pl (arch or joc 古或谑) news 消息; 音信: have you heard the glad tidings? 你听到那个好消息了吗?low v i make this sound; moo 作牛叫声; 发哞声.porker: a young pig that is made fat before being killed for foodrabbit: (usu 通常作 go rabbiting) hunt rabbits 去猎兔.to

13、hunt rabbits or hares. 猎兔：猎捕家兔或野兔caper / kep(r); kep/ v i, ip (about) jump or run about playfully 蹦蹦跳跳; 跑来跑去: lambs capering (about) in the fields 在田野上蹦蹦跳跳的小羊羔.in a body all together；as a group全体*they moved forward in a body 他们全体向前进。*they resigned in a body他们集 体辞职。*the delegates came into the assemb

14、ly hall in a body代表们一起步 入会议大厅。take to one's heelsbegin to run or run away逃走*the criminal took to his heels but was soon caught by the police罪犯逃跑了，但很快就被警察抓了起来。knoll: a small rounded hill or mound; a hillock. 圆丘，土墩：圆形的小山或土墩；小丘gambol / gæmbl; æmbl/ v (-ll-) (us also -l-) i, ip jump or ski

15、p about playfully （嬉戏地）跳跃, 蹦跳: children/lambs gambolling (about/around) （四处）嬉戏蹦跳的儿童羊羔. > gambol n act of gambolling 跳跃; 蹦跳.clod: a lump or chunk, especially of earth or clay. 土块，泥块：一块或一团，尤指土或泥块spinney / spn; spn/ n (brit) small wood with thick undergrowth; thicket 矮树林; 灌木林.a point of honour 为维护脸面

16、必须做的事udder/ d(r); d/ n bag-like organ of a cow, female goat, etc, with two or more teats, which produces milk （母牛 母羊等的）乳房. implement 1 / mplmnt; mplmnt/ n tool or instrument 工具; 器具: farm implements 农具 * man's earliest implements were carved from stone and bone. 人类最早的工具是用石头和骨头制成的. =>usage at m

17、achine 用法见machine.wastage / westd; westd/ n u (a) amount that is wasted 损耗量: you must allow for five per cent wastage in transit. 在运输中要允许有百分之五的损耗量. (b) loss caused by waste 损耗; 耗损: the retailer has to absorb the cost of wastage. 零售商须承受耗损的费用. * natural wastage, ie loss of employees because they retir

18、e or move to other jobs and not through redundancy 自然减员（因雇员退休或离职造成的, 并非人为裁减）.shirk / k; k/ v i, tn, tg (derog 贬) avoid doing (work, one's duty, etc) through laziness, cowardice, etc（因偷懒 胆怯等）逃避（工作 责任等）: you're supposed to tidy up, so stop shirking and do it! 要你来整理就别躲着了, 干吧! * he always shirks

19、 the unpleasant tasks. 他总是逃避那些厌恶性工作. * she is shirking going to the dentist. 她躲着不愿意去治牙. > shirker n.forelocka lock of hair that grows from or falls on the forehead, especially the part of a horse's mane that falls forward between the ears. 额发，前发，额毛：由额头生出或披在额头上的毛发，尤指垂在马耳之间的那部分马鬃whelp / welp; u

20、s hwelp; hwlp/ n young animal of the dog family; puppy or cub 犬科的幼兽; 幼犬或幼小的狐 熊 狮 虎等. (dated derog 旧, 贬) badly-behaved child or young man 行为不良的儿童或年轻男子.> whelp v i (fml 文) (of a female dog, wolf, etc) give birth （指母狗 母狼等）产（仔）refuseto decline to jump (an obstacle). used of a horse. 拒绝跳跃障碍：拒绝跳越（阻碍）。用

21、于指赛马prod / prd; prd/ v (-dd-) i, ipr, tn (at sb/sth) push or poke (sb/sth) with a finger or some other pointed object （用手指或其他尖物）刺, 戳, 捅（某人某物）: they prodded (at) the animal through the bars of its cage. 他们隔着笼子的栏杆用尖东西捅那动物. =>usage at nudge 用法见nudge. hobnail / hbnel; hbnel/ n short nail with a heavy

22、 head used for the soles of heavy shoes （钉在笨重靴鞋底部的）平头钉: attrib 作定语 hobnail boots 带有平头钉的靴子.> hobnailed adj (of boots, etc) fitted with hobnails （指靴等）装有平头钉的.gore / g(r); r/ v tn pierce or wound (a person or an animal) with a horn or tusk （用角或长牙）刺或戳伤（人或动物）: gored to death by an angry bull 被愤怒的公牛抵死.m

23、ake a bolt  逃之夭夭hawthorn / hn; hrn/ n thorny shrub or tree with white, red or pink blossom and small dark red berries 山楂树: attrib 作定语 a hawthorn hedge 山楂树篱.decorationc medal, ribbon, etc given and worn as an honour or award 奖章; 绶带.blithe / blað blð/ adj usu attrib 通常作定语 happy and care

24、free; casual 快乐无忧的; 漫不经心的: a blithe lack of concern 漠不关心 * a blithe spirit, ie a happy person 快乐的人.blithely adv in a blithe manner 快活地; 无忧无虑地; 漫不经心地: he was blithely unaware of the trouble he had caused. 他对他所造成的麻烦毫无所知, 无忧无虑.gaiter / get(r); et/ n covering of cloth, leather, etc for the leg from the

25、ankle to below the knee （布 皮等的）绑腿: a pair of gaiters 一副绑腿.cartagethe act or process of carting. 运送：运送的动作或过程the cost of carting. 运费closet v usu passive 通常用於被动语态: tn, tn.pr, tn.p a and b (together); a with b shut sb away in a room for a private meeting 把某人关在房间里作私人会晤: he was closeted with the manager/h

26、e and the manager were closeted together for three hours. 他与经理在密室会谈他们在密室里一起商谈了三个小时.side with :help赞同；支持*adam always sides with john in an argument争论时亚当总是支持约翰。*actually very few people sided with their reform plan事实上，很少有人赞同他们的改革计划。*he always sided with his mother他总站在母亲一边。restive / restv; rstv/ adj re

27、stless or uneasy 焦躁不安的; 不安宁的: another hour passed and the crowd grew/became restive. 又过了一个小时, 人们有些不耐烦了.(esp of horses) resisting control, esp by refusing to move forwards or by moving sideways or backwards（尤指马）难驾驭的, （尤指）不肯前行的, 逡巡不前的.> restively adv: move, shuffle, fiddle about restively焦急地走来走去 踱来

28、踱去 荡来荡去. restiveness n u.sidelong adj sidelong look/glancea way of looking at someone by moving your eyes to the side, especially so that it seems secret, dishonest, or disapprovinghe gave oliver a sidelong glance .>sidelong adv'you looked very well this morning,' she added, glancing side

29、long at him.bay: a deep, prolonged bark, such as the sound made by hounds. 吠叫声；咆哮声：大声连续的狗吠声，如猎犬发出的声音marshal vto organize your thoughts, ideas etc so that they are clear, effective, or easy to understandmarshal your thoughts/arguments etcbriggs paused for a moment as if to marshal his thoughtsmoonshi

30、ne: informal foolish talk or thought; nonsense. 蠢话：愚蠢的谈话或思想；胡说disinter / dsnt(r); dsnt/ v (-rr-) tn (fml 文) dig up (sth buried) 挖出（被埋的某物）: the court granted him permission to disinter the body. 法院批准他掘出屍体. * (fig 比喻) disinter an old scandal 将从前的一桩丑事儿抖出来. > gruff / grf; rf/ adj (of a person, his vo

31、ice or behaviour) rough; surly （指人 其声音或行为）粗野的, 粗暴的: beneath his gruff exterior he's really very kind-hearted. 他外表粗鲁, 心地却十分善良. > gruffly adv. gruffness n u.malignity 复数 ma.lig.ni.ties 1. intense ill will or hatred; great malice. 极度的恶意：极端的恶意或仇恨；极其恶毒2. an act or a feeling of great malice. 恶毒的天性：

32、极其恶毒的行为或感情3. the condition or quality of being highly dangerous or injurious; deadliness.危险性：处于极危险或有害的状况，或具有极危险或有害的特征；致命性snowdrifta mass or bank of snow piled up by the wind. 雪堆：被风吹得堆积起来的雪堆或雪堤clutch / klt; klt/ n (a) set of eggs that a hen sits on and that hatch together 母鸡一次所孵的蛋; 一窝蛋. (b) group of

33、young chickens that hatch from these eggs 一窝小鸡.coccidiosis n.（名词）a parasitic disease of many animals, including cattle, swine, sheep, dogs, cats, and poultry, but rarely of human beings, resulting from infestation of the alimentary canal by protozoans of the order coccidia.球杆菌：许多动物，包括牛、猪、羊、狗、猫与家禽的由寄

34、生虫引起的病，但人类罕见，由球孢子菌的原生动物经由营养管道的感染而引起curdle:to become congealed as if by having changed into curd: 使凝结：似乎通过变成凝乳而凝结：the blood in my veins curdled at the horrific sight. 看到这一可怕情景时，我血管中的血似乎凝固了formulateexpress (sth) clearly and exactly using particular words 确切地表达（某思想）: formulate one's thoughts carefu

35、lly 确切地阐述自己的思想 * the contract was formulated in difficult legal language. 该合同是用深奥的法律术语订立的.frisk: i, ip (of animals) run and jump playfully （指动物）欢快地跑跳: lambs frisking (about) in the meadow 在草地上跳来跳去的小羊.whimper / wmp(r); us hw-; hwmp/ v i (of a dog, person, etc) whine or cry softly, esp with fear or pa

36、in （指狗 人等）发出长而高音的或微弱的哭声或叫声, （尤指因恐惧或痛苦）呜咽, 啜泣. tn say (sth) in this way 呜咽或啜泣着说（某事）: please don't leave me alone,' he whimpered. 请不要丢下我不管,他抽抽搭搭地说. =>usage at cry1 用法见cry1.> whimper n whimpering cry; low sobbing sound 呜咽声; 啜泣声.ringleader:a person who leads others, especially in illicit o

37、r informal activities.头目，首恶，元凶：领导其他人的人，尤指在违法活动或非正式的活动中fidget / fdt/ v i (about) (with sth) make small restless movements, thus annoying other people 烦躁不安（惹人生厌）: stop fidgeting! 别坐立不安的! * hurry up, your father is beginning to fidget, ie show signs of impatience. 快点, 你父亲有些不耐烦了. * it's bad manners

38、to fidget about (with the cutlery) at the table. 用餐时摆弄刀叉玩儿是不雅的.swish / sw; sw/ v (a) ipr, ip, tn, tn.pr, tn.p (cause sth to) swing through the air with a hissing sound （使某物）摆动或挥动出声: scythes swished to and fro. 长柄大镰刀嗖嗖地来回挥动. * the horse swished its tail (about). 那匹马刷刷地挥动尾巴. (b) i, ipr move with or ma

39、ke this sound; rustle 在空中移动出声; 发出摩擦声: we swished through the long grass. 我们穿过深草地发出沙沙的响声. * she swished across the floor in her long silk dress. 她穿着丝绸长服窸窣作响地在房间里走过. need|ful /n'idfl/ adjneedful means necessary. (old-fashioned)the section of society most needful of such guidance is the young male.

40、stoppages for needful rest and recreation.square with square with sth phr vsquare (sth) with sthif you square two ideas, statements etc with each other or if they square with each other, they are considered to be in agreementhis story simply does not square with the facts.how do you square that with

41、 your religious beliefs?retinue / retnju; us retnu; rtnu/ n cgp group of attendants accompanying an important person （要人的）一批随员: the queen was flanked by a retinue of bodyguards and policemen. 女王左右有保镖和警察护卫着. * (joc 谑) the fete organizer and her retinue of helpers 游乐义卖会的组织人和她的一群助手.stroke:a sudden occu

42、rrence or result: 一次突然发生或一个突然的结果：a stroke of luck; a stroke of misfortune. 一次走运；一次不幸 of sth single successful or effective action or occurrence (of the specified kind) （某类型的）一次成功或有效的行动或事情: your idea was a stroke of genius! 你的主意真了不起! * it was a stroke of luck that i found you here. 我在这里碰见你真是运气. * var

43、ious strokes of misfortune led to his ruin. 他遭诸多不幸而一蹶不振. skulk / sklk; sklk/ v ipr, ip (derog 贬) hide or move around as if one is ashamed or trying to hide, esp when one is planning sth bad 躲躲闪闪; （尤指）鬼鬼祟祟: i don't want reporters skulking around (my house). 我不愿看到记者在（我家）周围神出鬼没地来回走动title deed: a pi

44、ece of paper giving legal proof that someone owns a particular property所有权证书splinter: a sharp, slender piece, as of wood, bone, glass, or metal, split or broken off from a main body. 裂片、碎片、尖片：尖而细的片物，如木头、骨头、玻璃、金属等从主体上分裂或剥离下来的东西gander / gænd(r); ænd/ n c male goose 雄鹅. sing (infml 口) look, g

45、lance 看一眼; 一瞥: have/take a gander at sth 看某物一眼. privy pred 作表语 to sth (fml 文) sharing in the secret of sth 私下知情; 参与秘事: they were accused of being privy to the plot against the king. 他们被控欺君谋反 知情不举. * i wasn't privy to the negotiations. 我对那些谈判并不知情.beatific/ btfk; bitfk/ adj (fml 文) showing or givi

46、ng great joy and serenity; blissful 快乐而安详的; 赐福的; 有福的: a beatific smile 慈祥的笑容.hullabaloo /hlblu; hlblu/ n (pl s) (usu sing 通常作单数) continuous loud noise, esp of people shouting; uproar; din （尤指人的）持续的吵闹声, 喧闹, 嘈杂: make a hullabaloo (about sth) （为某事物）大吵大闹.crowbar: a straight bar of iron or steel, with th

47、e working end shaped like a chisel and often slightly bent and forked, used as a lever. 撬棍：一种铁制或钢制的直棒，有楔形的工作端头，通常略微弯曲并成叉状，用作撬杆或杠杆unaccountably adv sentence adverb used to say that something is very surprising and difficult to explainunaccountably, the woman had refused.the planned military assault o

48、n the city yesterday was unaccountably delayed.smart / smt; smrt/ v i, ipr (from sth) cause or feel a sharp stinging pain (of the body or the mind) 造成或感到（肉体或精神方面的）痛苦: the bee-sting smarted terribly. 蜜蜂蜇得很疼. * he smarted from the savage attacks on his film. 他因自己的影片受到猛烈攻击而感到痛心. * they're still sma

49、rting from their defeat in the final. 他们仍在为决赛失败而伤心.smart n u (fml 文) sharp physical or mental pain 肉体或精神上的痛苦: the constant smart of the blisters on his feet 他脚上水泡引起的持续疼痛.poultice / pults; polts/ n soft heated mass spread on a cloth and put on a sore place on the body to soothe pain, reduce swelling,

50、 etc 泥罨剂; 泥敷剂; 膏药: a kaolin, mustard, etc poultice 高岭土 芥子末等泥罨剂.> poultice v tn put a poultice on (sth) 敷泥罨剂於（某处）.superannuated: retired or ineffective because of advanced age: 退休的或无能的：因年华而退休的或无能的：“nothing is more tiresome than a superannuated pedagogue” “老朽无能的学究最令人讨厌不过”super|an|nu|at|ed /s'up

51、r'ænjuetd/adj usu adj nif you describe something as superannuated, you mean that it is old and no longer used for its original purpose. (formal).the superannuated idealism of the sixties.piebald / pabld; pabld/ adj (of a horse) covered with irregularly-shaped patches of two colours, usu bla

52、ck and white （指马）有花斑的, （通常指）有黑白斑的. cf 参看 skewbald. piebald n piebald horse or pony （黑白）花斑马.tureen / trin; trin/ n deep dish with a lid from which soup, vegetables, etc are served at table （盛汤 菜等的）有盖海碗.stratagem / strætdm; strætdm/ n (fml 文) trick, plan or scheme to deceive sb (esp an enemy

53、) 蒙蔽他人（尤指敌人）的计谋 策略或花招: a cunning stratagem 诡计.haunch / hnt; hnt/ n (usu pl 通常作复数) (in man and animals) fleshy part of the buttock and thigh （人和动物）臀部和腿部多肉的部分: the dog was sitting on its haunches. 那狗蹲着.leg and loin of deer, etc as food （鹿等供食用的）腰腿肉: a haunch of venison 鹿的腰腿肉.smart: energetic or quick i

54、n movement: 敏捷的：行动迅速或有力的：a smart pace. 敏捷的步伐trot: the gait of a horse or other four-footed animal, between a walk and a canter in speed, in which diagonal pairs of legs move forward together. 马的小跑：马或其它四足动物介于行走和快跑之间的一种步态，前进时是对角线的双腿共同向前移动interment: the act or ritual of interring or burying. 安葬：埋葬或掩埋的行

55、为或仪式the interment of a dead person is their burial. (formal)inebriate v.tr.（及物动词）to make drunk; intoxicate. 使醉：使喝醉；灌醉to exhilarate or stupefy as if with alcohol. 使陶醉：使人兴奋或木然，就象喝醉了酒似的adj.（形容词）intoxicated. 醉的n.（名词）an intoxicated person. 酒鬼：喝醉了酒的人morose / mrus; mros/ adj very unhappy, bad-tempered and silent; sullen 闷闷不乐的