高考非谓语不定式注意事项Word版

1、动词不定式做后置定语需要注意什么需要注意主动表被动的关系：如果主语是不定式的的逻辑主语，也就是动作的发出者时，用主动表被动。eg:I have a lot of things to do. （to do表示动作将要发生）一般情况，要表示未做的事情时，可用不定式作定语。The meeting to be held this afternoon is very important.但是如果主语不是动作的发出者时，还是要用被动。eg. I am going to the supermarket. Do you have something to be bought?因为根据句意，“我打算去超市，你有

2、什么要捎的吗？”因为主语you不是动作buy的发出者，所以用被动to be bought。但多数情况下都用主动表被动1动.词不定式作定语后置表示要做的事（尚未发生），常与名词有动宾关系，不及物动词加介词。 He wants water to drink . 他要水喝。 He is a pleasant fellow to work with . 他是个很好共事的人。She bought a bookshelf to put her books on . 她买了一个书架放书。He has a child to take care of . 他有一个孩子要照管。She can find no on

3、e to make friends with . 她找不到可交朋友的人。He lent me a book to kill time with , 他借给我一本书消磨时间。2.现在分词作定语后置表示名词性质、特征或表示名词所做的动作（多表示进行、主动）。 A 下列名词常常可以接不定式作定语：ability ambition attempt chance courage time decision effort failure moment promise right way wish 例如；His promise to help me excited me . He has fulfilled

4、 his ambition to be a writer .B 由only first last next 以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常常节不定式作定语 He is always the last one to leave the office .l This is the fifth case of anthrax ( 炭疽 ) to occur in New York this year . C 不定式还可以用在下列句子中作定语，相当于一个定语从句，表示即将发生的动作。 Well have more activities like this in the few weeks to

5、come .l ( Well have more activities like this in the few weeks that is coming . )2 / 10l The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance .l ( The conference will take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance . )l D 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点，工具等，不定式要有

6、相应的介词，但不定式修饰的名词是time , place, way ，不定式后面的介词习惯上可以省略。 He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about .Please give me a knife to cut with . He had no money and no place to live ( in ) .E 当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式可以用主动语态，也可以用被动语态，其含义不同。 Have you anything to send ? 你有什么东西要寄吗

7、？ （不定式的执行者是you ） Have you anything to be sent ? 你有什么东西要（我或别人）寄吗？ （不定式的执行者是me 或someone else ）不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系： (1)表示将来的动作， The next train to arrive is from Washington.不定式作定语时，一般可转换为定语从句 to arrive=that will arrive(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词.Would you please give me some paper to write on?(3)与被修

8、饰词之间有动宾关系，同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时，尽管有被动含义，却仍 用主动语态Do you have anything to say on the question?如只有动宾关系，而无逻辑上的主谓关系，则需用被动语态.Have you anything to be taken to your sister?六、作状语 1. 目的状语 To only to (仅仅为了), in order to, so as to, so(such) as to (如此以便) He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 I

9、 come here only to say good-bye to you. 我来仅仅是向你告别。不定式和不定式短语作目的状语，主要用来修饰动词，表示某一动作或状态的目的。为了使目的意义更加清楚或表示强调意义时，还可以在前面加 in order to 或 so as to。例如： I've written it down in order not to forget. He shouted and waved so as to be noticed.在句子中作谓语动词的状语的不定式或不定式短语，表示的是主语的目的，因此，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。比较： To draw maps p

10、roperly, you need a special pen.(正) To draw maps properly, a special pen is needed.(误) 由 in order to 引导的目的状语，既可以置于句尾，也可以置于句首，而由 so as to 引导的目的状语，只能置于句尾，而不能置于句首。比较： They started early in order to get there in time.(正) In order to get there in time, they started early.(正) They started early so as to g

11、et there in time.(正) So as to get there in time, they started early.(误)不定式的复合结构作目的状语 当不定式或不定式短语有自己的执行者时，要用不定式的复合结构(即在不定式或不定式短语之前加 for + 名词或宾格代词)作状语。例如： He opened the door for the children to come in. She fetched several bottles which she placed on the counter for Harry to inspect.目的状语从句与不定式的转换 英语中的目

12、的状语从句，还可以变为不定式或不定式短语作状语，从而使句子在结构上得以简化。可分为两种情况： 1. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语相同时，可以直接简化为不定式或不定式短语作状语。例如： We'll start early in order that/so that we may arrive in time. We'll start early in order to/so as to arrive in time. 2. 当目的状语从句中的主语与主句中的主语不相同时，要用动词不定式的复合结构作状语。例如： I came early in order that you m

13、ight read my report before the meeting. I came early (in order) for you to read my report before the meeting.做目的状语时，你可以在翻译的时候在动词不定式前加三个字“目的是”，其语意是通顺的；做定语是其前是个名词或者代词，因为动词不定式做定语是后置的；例如：James came here to get his basketball back.詹姆斯来这里（目的是）来把他的篮球弄回去。I don't know the James to get his basketball back

14、 here just now.我不认识那个刚才来这里弄他的篮球回去的詹姆斯。2. 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 What have I said to make you angry. He searched the room only to find nothing. 要注意和现在分词作结果状语的区别作结果状语表示意外的结果，前面经常加only例如She ran fast to the bus stop , only to find that the bus had gone away.(没想到)现在分词作结果状语表示自然而然的或意料之中的比如The cup fell fr

15、om the desk , breaking into pieces.(正常的结果)定式作状语 1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。 高考题例 11. To be a great scientist, _ . A. maths is very important B. maths is more important than other subjects C. one must understand maths D. maths is important to be understood. (选c）2. "主

16、语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如： The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。 高考题例 12. Tom kept quiet about the accident _ lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to Key （选b)3. 表原因 I'm glad to see you不定式作原因状语时一般放在句尾。后面常跟形容词或形容词化

17、的过去分词说明产生这种情绪的原因。happy,lucky,fortunate,ashamed,frightened,shocked,sorry,glad,eager,overjoyed,worried等。He was to hear her words.You are foolish to believe him.They laughed to hear the joke.(词句中不定式不是跟在形容词后面，但是动词也是表达情绪的)省to 的动词不定式 1） 情态动词 ( 除ought 外，ought to)： 2） 使役动词 let, have, make： 3） 感官动词 see, watc

18、h, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省略to。 注意：在被动语态中则to 不能省掉。 I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance. The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night. 4） 表示个人意愿或倾向的would rather，had better，might(just) as well：rather than置于句首时。 Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bike. 5） Why / why not： 6） help 可带to，也可不带to, help sb (to) do sth： 7） but和except：but前是动词do时，后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。 8） 由and, or和tha