土木工程毕业设计论文外文翻译中英文对照[1]

1、Concrete structure reinforcement designAbstract：structure in the long-term natural environment and under the use environment's function, its function is weaken inevitably gradually, our structural engineering's duty not just must finish the building earlier period the project work, but must

2、be able the science appraisal structure damage objective law and the degree, and adopts the effective method guarantee structure the security use, that the structure reinforcement will become an important work. What may foresee will be the 21st century, the human building also by the concrete struct

3、ure, the steel structure, the bricking-up structure and so on primarily, the present stage I will think us in the structure reinforcement this aspect research should also take this as the main breakthrough direction. Key word： Concrete structure reinforcement bricking-up structure reinforcement stee

4、l structure reinforcement 1 Concrete structure reinforcement Concrete structure's reinforcement divides into the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, when the design may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method and the

5、 necessary technology. 1.1 the direct reinforcement's general method1）Enlarges the section reinforcement law Adds the concretes cast-in-place level in the reinforced concrete member in bending compression zone, may increase the section effective height, the expansion cross sectional area, thus e

6、nhances the component right section anti-curved, the oblique section anti-cuts ability and the section rigidity, plays the reinforcement reinforcement the role.In the suitable muscle scope, the concretes change curved the component right section supporting capacity increase along with the area of re

7、inforcement and the intensity enhance. In the original component right section ratio of reinforcement not too high situation, increases the main reinforcement area to be possible to propose the plateau component right section anti-curved supporting capacity effectively. Is pulled in the section the

8、area to add the cast-in-place concrete jacket to increase the component section, through new Canada partial and original component joint work, but enhances the component supporting capacity effectively, improvement normal operational performance. Enlarges the section reinforcement law construction c

9、raft simply, compatible, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in Liang, the board, the column, the wall and the general structure concretes reinforcement; But scene construction's wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and a

10、fter reinforcing the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) Replacement concretes reinforcement lawThis law's merit with enlarges the method of sections to be close, and after reinforcing, does not affect building's clearance, but similar existence construction wet operating time long

11、shortcoming; Is suitable somewhat low or has concretes carrier's and so on serious defect Liang, column in the compression zone concretes intensity reinforcement. 3) the caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawOutside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement is wraps in the section or the stee

12、l plate is reinforced component's outside, outside the Baotou Steel Factory reinforces reinforced concrete Liang to use the wet outsourcing law generally, namely uses the epoxy resinification to be in the milk and so on methods with to reinforce the section the construction commission to cake a

13、whole, after the reinforcement component, because is pulled with the compressed steel cross sectional area large scale enhancement, therefore right section supporting capacity and section rigidity large scale enhancement.This law also said that the wet outside Baotou Steel Factory reinforcement law,

14、 the stress is reliable, the construction is simple, the scene work load is small, but is big with the steel quantity, and uses in above not suitably 600C in the non-protection's situation the high temperature place; Is suitable does not allow in the use obviously to increase the original compon

15、ent section size, but requests to sharpen its bearing capacity large scale the concrete structure reinforcement. 4) Sticks the steel reinforcement lawOutside the reinforced concrete member in bending sticks the steel reinforcement is (right section is pulled in the component supporting capacity insu

16、fficient sector area, right section compression zone or oblique section) the superficial glue steel plate, like this may enhance is reinforced component's supporting capacity, and constructs conveniently. This law construction is fast, the scene not wet work or only has the plastering and so on

17、few wet works, to produces is small with the life influence, and after reinforcing, is not remarkable to the original structure outward appearance and the original clearance affects, but the reinforcement effect is decided to a great extent by the gummy craft and the operational level; Is suitable i

18、n the withstanding static function, and is in the normal humidity environment to bend or the tension member reinforcement.5) Glue fibre reinforcement plastic reinforcement lawOutside pastes the textile fiber reinforcement is pastes with the cementing material the fibre reinforcement compound materia

19、ls in is reinforced the component to pull the region, causes it with to reinforce the section joint work, achieves sharpens the component bearing capacity the goal. Besides has glues the steel plate similar merit, but also has anticorrosive muddy, bears moistly, does not increase the self-weight of

20、structure nearly, durably, the maintenance cost low status merit, but needs special fire protection processing, is suitable in each kind of stress nature concrete structure component and the general construction. This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close; Is

21、suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 6) Reeling law This law's good and bad points with enlarge the method of sections to be close

22、; Is suitable reinforcement which is insufficient in the concrete structure component oblique section supporting capacity, or must exert the crosswise binding force to the compressional member the situation. 7) Fang bolt anchor law This law is suitable in the concretes intensity rank is the C20C60 c

23、oncretes load-bearing member transformation, the reinforcement; It is not suitable for already the above structure which and the light quality structure makes decent seriously. 1.2 The indirect reinforcement's general method1) Pre-stressed reinforcement law(1)Thepre-stressed horizontal tension b

24、ar reinforces concretes member in bending,because the pre-stressed and increases the exterior load the combined action, in the tension bar has the axial tension, this strength eccentric transmits on the component through the pole end anchor (, when tension bar and Liang board bottom surface close fi

25、tting, tension bar can look for tune together with component, this fashion has partial pressures to transmit directly for component bottom surface), has the eccentric compression function in the component, this function has overcome the bending moment which outside the part the load produces, reduce

26、d outside the load effect, thus sharpened component's anti-curved ability. At the same time, because the tension bar passes to component's pressure function, the component crack development can alleviate, the control, the oblique section anti-to cut the supporting capacity also along with it

27、 enhancement. As a result of the horizontal lifting stem's function, the original component's section stress characteristic by received bends turned the eccentric compression, therefore, after the reinforcement, component's supporting capacity was mainly decided in bends under the condit

28、ion the original component's supporting capacity 。(2) After the reinforced concrete component uses under the pre-stressed to support the type tension bar reinforcement decides, forms one by to reinforce the component and under supports the compound ultra statically determinate structure system w

29、hich the type tension bar is composed, under the outside load and the pre-stressed combined action, in the tension bar has the axial force and through (next supports and pole end anchor spot) with component's combining site transmits for is reinforced the component, has counter-balanced outside

30、the part the load, changed the original component section endogenic force characteristic, thus sharpened component's bearing capacity. This law can reduce is reinforced component's stress level, not only causes the reinforcement effect to be good, moreover can also the great scope enhance th

31、e structure overall supporting capacity, but after reinforcing, has certain influence to the original structure outward appearance; Is suitable as well as is under the high stress, the high strained condition concretes component's reinforcement in the great span or the heavy structure reinforcem

32、ent, but in the non-protection's situation, cannot use in the temperature above 600C in the environment, is also not suitable uses in the concrete shrinkage continuous variation big structure. 2)Increases the supporting reinforcement lawThe addition pivot reinforcement law is through the reduced

33、 member in bending effective span, achieves the reduced function, in is reinforced on the component to carry the effect, raises the structure load bearing level the goal. This law simple reliable, but easy to harm building's original condition and the use function, possibly and reduces uses the

34、space; Is suitable in the concrete term permission concrete structure reinforcement. 1.3Has generally with the concrete structure reinforcement transformation necessary use's technology 1) The request trades the technology It is the joist (either truss) opens the column (or wall), the joist term

35、inal and the joist trades technologies and so on column to call generally; Belongs to one kind of comprehensive technology, by the related structure reinforcement, the superstructure goes against rises with to reposition as well as abandons technologies and so on component demolition to be composed;

36、 Is suitable in had building's reinforcement transformation; Compares with the traditional practices, has the construction time to be short, the expense low, affects and so on merits slightly to the life and the production, but is high to the specification, must complete by the skilled worker, c

37、an ensure the security. 2）Plants the muscle technology It is one item is simple and direct to the concrete structure, the effective connection and the anchor technology; May implant the ordinary steel bar, may also implant the bolt type anchor muscle; Has widely applied in had building's reinfor

38、cement improvement project, for example: In the construction leaks buries the steel bar or the steel bar deviation designs the position the recovery, the component increases the section reinforcement to make up the muscle, the superstructure expands cross, goes against rises to Liang, column's l

39、engthening by joining, the house superimposed layer terminal and the high-rise construction addition shearing force wall plants the muscle and so on. 3）Crack patching technology According to the concretes crack's cause, the character and the size, use seal differently protect the method to carry

40、 on patching, one kind of skill which causes the structure because to crack reduces the use function which and the durability can restore; Is suitable in had in the building each kind of crack processing, but to the stress crack, besides patching, still should use the corresponding reinforcement mea

41、sure. The internal patching law is with the forcing pump the cementing material pressure concretes crack, renders the young or up and coming generation to sew up the function, and makes the original structure through its cementation to restore the integrity, this method is suitable for the crack ope

42、ning is big, and durable and so on is influential to the structure integrity and the security, or has request and so on waterproof anti-seepage crack patching. 4）Carbonized concretes repair technology It is refers to through restores the concretes the alkalinity (inactivation) or increases its imped

43、ance to enable the steel bar corrosion which the carbonization creates to obtain the containment technology.5）Concretes surface treatment technology It is refers to uses cleaning up concretes surface stains, the oil mark, the residual as well as the other attachment and so on chemistry method, mecha

44、nical method, sand blasting method, vacuum cleaning method, injection method skill. 6）Coagulation mantle of soil seal technologyIt is refers to uses flexible methods and so on aquaseal backfill, polymer grouting, paint film to carry on the waterproofing to the concretes, moisture-proof and against c

45、rack processing technology. Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 7）Other technologies Like the structure, the component shift the technology, the adjustment structure base frequency technology and so on. 2 Bricking-up s

46、tructure Bricking-up structure reinforcement method: The bricking-up structure's reinforcement divides into when the direct reinforcement and reinforces two kinds indirectly, the design, may act according to the actual condition and the operation requirements choice being suitable method. 2.1 su

47、itable for the bricking-up structure direct reinforcement method1) outside reinforced concrete superimposed layer reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit is the construction craft simple, compatible, after the bricking-up reinforcement, the

48、supporting capacity has enhances greatly, and has the mature design and the construction experience; Is suitable in the column, the belt wall wall reinforcement; Its shortcoming is the scene construction wet operating time is long, to produces has certain influence with the life, and after reinforci

49、ng the building clearance has certain reduction. 2) outside reinforced concrete mortar superimposed layer reinforcement law This law belongs to the compound section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit and outside the reinforced concrete the superimposed layer reinforcement law is close, but enh

50、ances the supporting capacity to be inferior to the former; Is suitable in the bricking-up wall reinforcement, sometimes also uses in outside the reinforced concrete when the superimposed layer reinforcement belt engaged column wall the both sides put on the wall stirrup the seal.3) the addition hol

51、ds the engaged column reinforcement law This law belongs enlarges the section reinforcement method one kind. Its merit the superimposed layer reinforcement law is also close with the reinforced concrete outside, but the supporting capacity enhances limitedly, and difficult to satisfy the earthquake

52、resistance request, generally only in peneseismic country application. 2.2 suitable for the bricking-up structure indirect reinforcement method 1）non-caking outsourcing section reinforcement lawThis law belongs to the traditional reinforcement method, its merit is the construction is simple, the sce

53、ne work load and the wet work are few, the stress is more reliable; Is suitable in does not allow to increase the original component section size, actually requests to enhance the section supporting capacity large scale the bricking-up column's reinforcement; Its shortcoming is high for the rein

54、forcement expense, and must use the similar steel structure the protective measure. 2) pre-stressed stay rod reinforcement law This law can the great scope sharpen the bricking-up column's bearing capacity, and the reinforcement effect is reliable; Is suitable processes the high stress, the high

55、 strained condition bricking-up structure reinforcement in the reinforcement; Its shortcoming cannot use in the temperature in the 600C above environment. 2.3 bricking-up structure constructivity reinforcement and patching1) addition grid reinforcement When the grid establishment does not meet the p

56、resent design code requirement, either the vertical cross wall interface point nips rubs has the obvious flaw, when either the house integrity is bad, should additionally build the grid to carry on the reinforcement 2)additionally builds the Liang pad reinforcement When under the summer beam the bri

57、ck setting the wall presents by under the partial squash or the summer beam the partial vertical split, should additionally build Liang the pad to carry on the reinforcement. 3)the bricking-up opens partially builds When house partial breakage but after investigating thoroughly its breakage reason w

58、hen not yet affects load-bearing and the security, may burst the wall partial demolition, and according to enhances the mortar strength first-level to fill in with the full sized brick builds. 4)bricking-up crack patching Before carrying on crack patching, should act according to bricking-up compone

59、nt's stressful condition and crack factors and so on characteristic, determined that creates the bricking-up crack the reason, with the aim of carrying on crack patching target-oriented or using the corresponding reinforcement measure. 3 steel structures Steel structure reinforcement method: The steel structure reinforcement's main method includes: Reduces the load, the change structure computation graph, to enlarge the original structural unit section and the joint strength, the impediment fracture growth and so