情态动词复习及虚拟语气

1、 情态动词的用法特点情态动词的用法特点1） 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。2） 情态动词情态动词 除除 ought 和和 have 外，后面只能外，后面只能接不带接不带 to 的不定式。的不定式。3） 情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加动词第三人称单数不加-s。4） 情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。式，分词，等形式。 “情态动词情态动词+have done”是近几年高是近几年高考

2、试题中情态动词的一个主要考点。其考试题中情态动词的一个主要考点。其主要有两种情况：主要有两种情况：一种是用来表示对过一种是用来表示对过去情况的推测与判定去情况的推测与判定;另一种是在虚拟另一种是在虚拟语气中的使用。语气中的使用。(一一)“情态动词情态动词+have done”表示对表示对过去状况的推测和判定。过去状况的推测和判定。1. must have done 用在肯定句中，表用在肯定句中，表示对过去状况肯定性的推测，意为示对过去状况肯定性的推测，意为“(过去过去)一定已经一定已经” He _ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldnt b

3、e enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should B. must C. wouldnt D. cant This cake is very sweet. You _ a lot of sugar in it.A. should put B. could have putC. might put D. must have put The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.Oh, dear! She _ a lot of

4、 difficulties. A. may go throughB. might go throughC. ought to have gone throughD. must have gone through I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They _ at least 150 kilometers an hour.A. should have been doing B. must have been doingC. could have done D. would have do

5、ne Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today?Something _ to him. A. must happenB. should have happenedC. could have happenedD. must have happened I have lost one of my gloves. I _ it somewhere.A. must drop B. must have dropped C. must be dropping D. must have been dropped2. can/could have d

6、one用在否定句中表示对用在否定句中表示对过去否定的推测，意为过去否定的推测，意为“(过去过去)不可不可能能”;用在疑问句中表示对过去状况可用在疑问句中表示对过去状况可能性的推测，能性的推测，“(过去过去)可能可能了吗了吗?”。这时的这时的can和和could 没有什么大的区别。没有什么大的区别。 I _ have been more than six years old when the accident happened. A. shouldnt B. couldntC. mustnt D. neednt Do you know where David is? I couldnt find

7、 him anywhere.Well. He _ have gone far for his coats still here.A. shouldnt B. mustntC. cant D. wouldnt My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who _ have taken it?A. should B. mustC. could D. would My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _ your lecture.A. couldnt ha

8、ve attendedB. neednt have attendedC. mustnt have attendedD. shouldnt have attended3. may / might have done表示说话人对过去表示说话人对过去状况不确定的推测，用在肯定句状况不确定的推测，用在肯定句(意为意为“可可能已经能已经”)或否定句中或否定句中(意为意为“过去可过去可能不能能不能”)。在这种结构中。在这种结构中may 和和might 可以互换，没有时态差别。可以互换，没有时态差别。 Sorry Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm clock an

9、d gone back to sleep again.A. might B. shouldC. can D. will We _ have proved great adventurers, but we have done the greatest march ever made in the past ten years.A. neednt B. may notC. shouldnt D. mustnt(二二)用于虚拟语气中。用于虚拟语气中。“情态动词情态动词+have done”可以表示可以表示“本来可以本来可以 / 能够能够 / 应该做应该做某事，实际上却并没有做或本来不可以某事，实际

10、上却并没有做或本来不可以 / 不该不该 / 不必做某事，实际上却做了不必做某事，实际上却做了”。这。这种用法属于虚拟语气的范畴，在近几年的种用法属于虚拟语气的范畴，在近几年的高考中考得也比较多。高考中考得也比较多。1. could have done表示与过去事实相反表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为的假设，意为 “本来可以或能够本来可以或能够”，事实上却没有。含有遗憾的意味，侧重有事实上却没有。含有遗憾的意味，侧重有能力做而没能做成。能力做而没能做成。 I stayed at a hotel while in New York.Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara.A.

11、 could have stayedB. could stayC. would stayD. must have stay He paid for a seat, when he _ have entered free. A. could B. wouldC. must D. need2. might have done表示与过去事实相表示与过去事实相反的假设，意为反的假设，意为“其实其实(本来本来)可可以以”, 表示一种委婉的表示一种委婉的“责备责备”之意。之意。He _ you more help, even though he was very busy.A. might have gi

12、venB. might giveC. must have givenD. may give3. neednt have done表示一种不必要的表示一种不必要的过去行为，意为过去行为，意为“本来不必本来不必”。无批评。无批评责备之意，只是惋惜而已。责备之意，只是惋惜而已。 The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I _ the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. A. should have takenB. could have takenC. neednt have takenD. mustnt hav

13、e taken As you worked late yesterday, you _ have come this morning. A. maynt B. cantC. mustnt D. neednt Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt doB. neednt have doneC. mustnt doD. shouldnt have done4. should / ought to have done用在肯定句用在肯定句中，表示过

14、去本该做某事却没有做，意为中，表示过去本该做某事却没有做，意为“本应该本应该”;用在否定句中，表示过去用在否定句中，表示过去本不应该做某事却做了，意为本不应该做某事却做了，意为“本不本不该该”。两者都含有一种委婉的。两者都含有一种委婉的“批评、批评、责备责备”之意。之意。 I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have leftD. neednt leave Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meet

15、ing, but he didnt show up. A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now. A. shouldnt eat B. mustnt have eatenC. shouldnt have eatenD. mustnt eat. Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorr

16、ow.You _ her last week. A. ought to tellB. would have toldC. must tellD. should have told(一一)can / could1. 表示本身所具有的潜能或能力表示本身所具有的潜能或能力, could是过去式。是过去式。 If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party.A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not You know he is not going to

17、let us leave early if we _ get the work done. A. cant B. may notC. shouldnt D. mustnt We hope that as many people as possible _ join us for the picnic tomorrow. A. need B. mustC. should D. can If I _ plan to do something I want to, Id like to go to Tibet. A. would B. couldC. had to D. ought to2. 在肯定

18、句中表示在肯定句中表示“可能可能”，常指，常指“理论理论上的可能性上的可能性”或或“有时可能有时可能”。用来表达。用来表达事件或情况可能发生事件或情况可能发生(但并不牵涉到是否真但并不牵涉到是否真的会发生的会发生)。 Some aspects of a pilots job _ be boring, and pilots often _ work at inconvenient hours. A. can; have to B. may; canC. have to; mayD. ought to; must The World Wide Web is some-times jokingly

19、called the World Wide Wait because it _ be very slow. A. should B. mustC. will D. can3. 表示推测，可用在否定句表示推测，可用在否定句(表示表示“不可不可能能”)和疑问句和疑问句(表示表示 “可能，会可能，会”)。 Theres no light on They _ be at home.A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt You _ be tiredyouve only been working for an hour. A. must not B. wontC.

20、cant D. may not4. can可用以表示可用以表示“许可、允许许可、允许”;在疑问在疑问句中表示句中表示“请求请求”，此时，此时，could可代替可代替can,使语气更加委婉，但答语仍要用使语气更加委婉，但答语仍要用can, 在否定句中表示在否定句中表示“不许不许”, 可与可与may通用。通用。 Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _ I go out and play with Tom for a while?No, Im afraid not. Besides, its raining outside now. A. C

21、ant B. WouldntC. May not D. Wont5. 在否定、疑问和感叹句中，在否定、疑问和感叹句中，can还可表还可表示示“怀疑、惊讶、困惑、失望怀疑、惊讶、困惑、失望”等感情色等感情色彩。彩。Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How _ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony?A. can B. shouldC. may D. must(二二)may / mightmay / might表示表示“或许、大概、可能或许、大概、可能”的的推测含义，推测含义，might可能性更小。可能性

22、更小。 Helen _ go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet. A. shall B. mustC. may D. can Are you going to Jeffs party?Im not sure. I _ go to the concert instead. A. must B. wouldC. should D. might(三三)must1. must表示表示“必须、一定、应该必须、一定、应该”之意，之意，其否定形式为其否定形式为mustnt，表示，表示“不准、不不准、不应该、禁止应该、禁止”的意思。的意思。 Co

23、uld I have a word with you, mum?Oh dear, if you _. A. can B. mustC. may D. should Tom, you _ leave all your clothes on the floor like this! A. wouldnt B. mustntC. neednt D. may not2. must还可表示还可表示“硬要、偏要硬要、偏要”的意思。的意思。表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩。表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩。 May I smoke here?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking se

24、ction. A. should B. couldC. may D. must John, look at the time. _ you play the piano at such a later hour? A. Must B. Can C. May D. Need4. 在回答在回答must的问句时，肯定回答还用的问句时，肯定回答还用must, 否定回答常用否定回答常用neednt.Must he come to sign the paper himself?Yes, he _. A. need B. mustC. may D. will(四四) need用在否定句和疑问句中，表示用在否

25、定句和疑问句中，表示“需要、必需要、必要要”。Lucy doesnt mind lending you her dictionary.She _. Ive already borrowed one. A. cant B. mustntC. neednt D. shouldnt(五五)will / wouldwill / would表示意愿、意志和决心，用表示意愿、意志和决心，用于各种人称。此时，于各种人称。此时，would是是will的过去的过去式。式。Mr. Gordon asked me to remind you of the meeting this afternoon. Dont f

26、orget it!OK, I _.A. wont B. dontC. will D. do(六六)shall / should1. 用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、用于第二、三人称陈述句中表示意图、决心、允诺、命令、警告、威胁等语气，决心、允诺、命令、警告、威胁等语气，可译为可译为“必须、应、可必须、应、可”等。等。 “The interest _ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.” declared the judge. A. may B. shouldC. must D.

27、shall It has been announced that candidates _ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.A. can B. willC. may D. shall2. shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询对方的意见和请示。示征询对方的意见和请示。 Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell that for you? A. Shall B. WouldC. Can D. Might The room is so di

28、rty. _ we clean it?Of course. A. Will B. ShallC. Would D. Do3. should 在肯定句中可以表示劝告和建在肯定句中可以表示劝告和建议，意为议，意为“应该应该”。 I think Ill give Bob a ring.You _. You havent been in touch with him for ages. A. will B. mayC. have to D. should I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I _ report it to the

29、police?A. should B. mayC. will D. can4. should也可表示推测，解释为也可表示推测，解释为“可能、应可能、应该、想必该、想必”。是说话人按常理或职责所。是说话人按常理或职责所进行的推测。进行的推测。 When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.They _ be ready by 12:00.A. can B. shouldC. might D. need There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test sinc

30、e you have practiced a lot in the driving school.A. mustnt B. shantC. shouldnt D. neednt5. 用于虚拟条件句中用于虚拟条件句中_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you beD. Might you be6. 用在某些名词性从句中，表示惊异、意外用在某些名词性从句中，表示惊异、意外等情绪，常译为等情绪，常译为

31、“竟然竟然”。You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would一、 条件句中的虚拟语气 情景情景从句从句主句主句与现在事与现在事实相反实相反一般过去时一般过去时could/would/should/ might +do与过去事与过去事实相反实相反过去完成时过去完成时could/would/should/ might + have done与将来事与将来事实相反实相反did were to should do could/would/should/