第一单元知识点

1、一语法：1.一般过去时:1.过去时基本用法：（1）一般过去时表示在过去某个时间发生的动作或者存在的状态。即描述已经发生过了的事情。I was at home last night.（2）表示在过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was young, I often went to the park.二.标志词： (1)yesterday开头或结尾的词语(the day before yesterday, yesterday evening)(2)last +时间（week， month， year）(3)段时间+ago(three days ago)(4)in +过去时间词（in

2、 1990） (5)其余的This morning, when I was five years old等三句型：1be动词的一般过去时（1）肯定句：主语+ was/were+其他（名词/形容词/副词/代词/数词或介词短语）Eg. He was ill yesterday.(2)否定句：主语+wasnt/werent+其他 Eg. He werent at home yesterday.(3)一般疑问句：Was/were+主语+其他肯定回答：Yes, 主语+was/were.否定回答：No,主语+wasnt/werent.Eg. -Were you late this morning? -Ye

3、s, I was. No, I wasnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+其他Eg. Where were you born？2情态动词一般过去时（1） 肯定句：主语+情态动词过去式could+动词原形。Eg. He could speak a little English last year.（2） 否定句：主语+could not+动词原形Eg. He couldnt play basketball when he was young.(3)一般疑问句：Could+主语+动词原形。Eg. Could you wrote a conversation three ye

4、ars ago? Yes, I could No, I could not.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+ could+主语+动词原形Eg. what could you do when you were a small boy?3.行为动词的一般过去时(1)肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他Eg. They had a good time yesterday.(2)否定句：主语+did not(didnt)+动词原形+其他Eg. They didnt watch TV last night.(3)一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他Eg. -Did you go to the park l

5、ast Sunday? -Yes, I did. No, I didnt.(4)特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他Eg. When did you finish your homework?四动词过去式变化1)规则动词的过去式（直去双该）1.直接在词尾加-ed. 如：wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：s

6、topstopped, triptripped4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried2)不规则动词过去式be was/were havehad swimswam buyboughtleaveleft spendspent comecame meetmettaketook dodid readread writewrotegetgot sendsent gowent seesaw2.感叹句:1. 定义：表示说话人的喜怒哀乐等情绪，带有明显的感情色彩，句末常用感叹号

7、“!”,读降调。2. 感叹句常用what和how来引导。What用来修饰名词，how用来修饰形容词或者副词。1） what 引导的感叹句：（1） What+a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！Eg. What an interesting book it is!(2)what+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语！Eg. What beautiful cities they are!(3)What +形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！Eg. What bad weather it is!(4)What +a/an+名词！Eg. What a pity12） how引导的感叹句：（1） how

8、+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！Eg. How fast he runs! How beautiful she is!(2)how +主语+谓语！Eg. How time flies！ How I miss you!3. 口语中，what或者how引导的感叹句可以省略主语和谓语：Eg. How interesting! What a kind girl!4. 其他形式的感叹句：（1） 陈述句，疑问句表达强烈感情时，也是一种感叹句。Eg. They are so hard-working! 他们真勤劳！ Are you kidding me? 你在和我开玩笑吧？(2)句首有感叹词的句子，也是感叹句。

9、Eg. Ah, thats what I need! 这就是我想要的！（3）感叹句或者短语：Eg. Wow! 哇！ For shame! 真惭愧！3.名词所有格:1. 定义：名词所有格由名词词尾加s构成，表示所属关系。2. 名词所有格的变化规则：（1） 一般情况下，在单数名词词尾加s。Eg. Mikes pen the boys mother(2)以s结尾的单数名词在词尾加s。 Eg. My bosss hat（3）以s结尾的复数名词加。Eg. The teachers books(4)不以s结尾的复数名词加s。Eg. Childrens Day(5)表示两个或者两个以上共同所有时，把s加在最

10、后的名词上，后接单数名词。 Eg. Lucy and Lilys friend(6)表示两者或者两者以上各自拥有时，每个名词都要用所有格形式，后接名词复数。 Eg. Toms and Jacks rooms4.形容词变副词 :（1）一把情况下直接加“ly”. quick _quickly careful _carefully(2)以辅音字母加y结尾的先将y变i，再加ly. happy_happily(3)少数以e结尾的形容词，去e加y或者ly. true_truly 大多数以辅音字母加e结尾的，直接加ly. polite_politely(4)以le结尾的，去e加y. simple_simpl

11、y口诀：一般直接加，元e去e加，辅y改i加，le结尾e改i.注：并非所有以ly结尾的词都是副词。Lovely, friendly等是形容词。5.动名词做主语 : （1）动名词(短语)做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。Eg. Taking notes is also very important.（2） 两个或者两个以上并列的动名词（短语）做主语，谓语动词用复数形式。Eg. Watching TV and listening to songs are great ways to learn English.6.倒装句:(1)定义：将正常的陈述句语序加以变化，主要强调被提前的部分。（2）分类：1）全部倒

12、装：主语是名词时，全部倒装。 There/Here +谓语/连系动词+主语。 Eg. Here comes the bus. There goes the bell.2)部分倒装：主语是代词时，部分倒装。 There/Here+主语+谓语/连系动词。 Eg. Here it is.7.形容词修饰不定代词，放在这些词的后面。Eg. I have something interesting to tell you. Did you receive anything special on your birthday?8.if 引导的条件状语从句(1)可以表示将来“可能”发生的情况， 即主语所表示的动

13、作的发生有赖于条件从句所表示的动作的发生。 一般情况下，主语用一般将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时。Eg. If it is ready, hell bring it tomorrow. Well take him to the zoo if he comes.(2)在口语中，一般将来时的主语也可以用含情态动词can, may, must的句子或者祈使句代替，而if引导的条件状语从句仍用一般现在时。Eg. If you drive too fast, you may have an accident.二句型：1.how 开头的句型（1）how many +可数名词复数 意为“多少” 用于对可数

14、名词的数量提问 eg. How many books do you have?（2）how much+不可数名词 意为“多少” 用于对不可数名词的数量提问 eg. How much water do you have? （3） how much 意为“多少钱” 用于询问物品的价钱 eg. How much is the coat?(4)How often 意为“多久” 用于询问频率eg. How often do you visit your grandparents?(5)How far 意为“多远”用于对距离提问eg.How far is it from Beijing to Shangh

15、ai ?2.There be句型（1）表示“某时/某处有某人/某物”。（2）there be 句型中，Be是谓语动词，其后的名词是主语，两者必须保持数的一致。Eg. There is a book on the desk.(3)there be句型采取就近原则。Eg. There is a book and two pens on the desk.3.as连词， 意为“当.的时候； 随着”，引导时间状语从句。 Eg. He kept reading a newspaper as we got ready. As he looked, a man came near.4.Thats why +

16、从句 意为“这就是 的原因”，why之后的句子用陈述句语序。Eg. Thats why I was late.5. would like(1)would like=want 意为“想，想要” 比want更加委婉（2）would like无人称和数的变化，一般疑问句将would提到句首（3）would like sth. 意为“想要某物” Would like to do sth. 意为“想要某事” Would like sb. to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”(4)would like构成的一般疑问句，表示“一些”和“某物”时，使用some和something, 而不用any 和a

17、nything.Would you like some bread for supper?(5)回答would you like.? 如果would like后接名词或者代词时，一般用yes, please或者No, thanks。 如果would like后接动词不定式，yes, Id love to. 或者Id love to, but.-would you like some coffee?-Yes, please/No, thanks.-would you like to join us?-yes, Id love to ,but I must do my homework.三.词语辨

18、析：1.also, too, either, as well的区别（1） also比较正式，多用于书面语，常用于肯定句中。位于be动词，助动词，情态动词之后， 实义动词之前。Eg. He is also a student.他也是一名学生。 He also wants to go.他也想去。（2） too多用于口语中，常用于肯定句或者一般疑问句。位置通常位于句末，前有逗号隔开。Eg. He is a boy, too. 他也是一个男孩。Me, too.意为“我也是” 前面所述的肯定情况同样适用于自己。Eg. -I walk to school every day. -Me too.(3)eit

19、her用于否定句，位于句末。在肯定句变否定句时，其中的also, too, as well都要变成either。Eg. He doesnt want to go either. 他也不想去。 Me either. 意为“我也不” 前面所述的否定情况也适用于自己。Eg. -I didnt go to the zoo yesterday. -Me either.（4）as well是副词短语， 多用于口语中，位于句末。Eg. He can swim as well. 他也能游泳。2.between 和among区别。（1）between 一般指两者之间。 between.and.意为“在.和.之间

20、” Eg. I often sit between Tom and Lucy. (2)among 一般指三者或者三者以上的人或者事物。Eg. She is the most beautiful girl among them.3. 以-ing和-ed 结尾的形容词区别。（1） 以-ing结尾的形容词通常用来修饰物，意为“令人.的”，常作定语。用来说明事物的性质，特征。若用来表示人，则说明人具有此种性质或者特征。Eg. The story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The man is very interesting. 这个人很有趣。（2）以-ed结尾的形容词通

21、常用来修饰人， 意为“.的”，常作表语。只能修饰人，不能修饰事物，即使它们连接的词是事物，那么也指与该事物相关的人。Eg. I am bored with his story.(3)常见的形容词。以-ed结尾的形容词以-ing结尾的形容词interesting 有趣的，有吸引力的interested 感兴趣的boring令人讨厌的，无聊的bored感到厌烦的surprising令人好奇的surprised 感到好奇的moving令人感动的moved感动的tiring令人厌烦的tired感到厌烦的exciting令人激动的excited感到激动的(4)典型例句：were excited abou

22、t the exciting news.我们对这条激动人心的消息感到激动。4. quite 与very区别（1） quite副词，意为“相当”，可修饰形容词，副词或者动词。修饰形容词时，置于a/an之前。 quite+ a(an)+形容词+名词Eg. Its quite a cold day.修饰动词放在动词之前。 Eg. He quite likes running. （2） very副词，意为“很，非常”，可修饰形容词，副词，不可以直接修饰动词。置于a/an之后。 a+ very+形容词+名词Eg. A very nice boy.very 与much 和在一起修饰动词，放在句末。Eg.

23、He likes running very much.5.think of/ think about/think over区别（1）think about 考虑，想 think about =think of +名词/代词/动名词Eg. We are think about/of flying to Beijing.(2)think of 想，想起，认为 think of +名词/代词/动名词Eg. What do you think of the movie?(3)think over 仔细考虑，认真考虑 think over+名词/代词 接代词将代词放中间。 Eg. Let me thin

24、k it over.6.another 与more区别（1）another与more均可以表示“又”，“再”之意。（2）another作此义时，有两种用法：a. another+可数名词单数 another appleb. another+基数词+名词复数 =基数词+more+复数名词Eg. May I have another two/two more bananas?(3)more做此意时，既可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。more放在表示数量的词语之后.Eg. Would you like some more tea?7.win 和beat区别（1）win（vt.） 意为“获得，赢

25、得” 宾语一般为比赛，奖品或者战斗等名词。 （vi.）意为“获胜” Eg. We must win today.(2)beat 意为“打败，战胜”，宾语一般为参加比赛的人或者团体。Eg. Tom beat Bill and won the first prize.8on, in, at表示时间用法(1)on用在星期几或具体的日期前 on Wednesday/ on July 8th(2)in用在年，月，世纪，四季或者泛指某一天的上午，下午，晚上。 In2014 in May in spring in the afternoon(3)at多用于具体的钟点前 at seven oclock9Tur

26、n on 与open区别（1）turn on 意为“打开”，多指打开电器（电视，电脑或者收音机）的开关，接通电源。 反义词为turn off,意为“关上，关掉”。Eg. Turn on the TV please.(2)open 意为“打开”，多指打开门，窗之类的。Eg. Open the window.10.show和programme的区别：（1）show表示已经运作，付诸行动的活动，特别是表演，演示。Eg. Talk show game show(2)programme表示存在于纸面上的活动，比较抽象的活动概念。Eg. Nature programme sports programmme

27、四单词讲解：1.by 用法(1)意为“靠.的方式”，后面常接动词ing，表示通过某种方式获得某种结果。Eg. I learning English by joining an English language club.(2)by+v.ing 常用来回答How do you.? 或者How can I .?之类的问句。Eg. -How do you usually learn Chinese? -I learn Chinese by reading aloud.2.favourite 用法：(1)adj. 意为“特别喜爱的”，放在名词前作定语。 Mo Yan is my favourite w

28、riter.(2)n. 意为“特别喜欢的人或者事物”。This song is my favourite.(3)它没有比较级和最高级3.score用法：（1）vi. 意为“得分”。(scored) Tony scored again in the second half.(2)n. 意为“得分，比分，分数”。（scores）The final score is 5:3.4.name用法：（1）n.意为“名字” My name is Tom.(2)vt.意为“命名，给.取名”（named） named=called They named their son John.5. die用法：（1）di

29、e （vi.） 意为“死，死亡” （died）Her husband died last month.(2)dead (adj.) 意为“死的，去世的”。Her mother has been dead for ten years.(3)death (n.)意为“死，死亡”。His death mad us very sad.6. interested用法：be interested in（doing）sth.=be interested to do sth.意为“对某事某物感兴趣，想要去做某事”。My father is very interested in history.Are you

30、interested to go to the cinema tonight?7. interview用法：(1)n.意为“采访，访谈，面试”。 an interview for a job 对某一工作的面试/面谈My brother has an interview for the managers job.(2)v. 意为“面试，采访”。We interview eight people for the job.8. experience用法：（1）n.（可数名词） 意为“实践，经历”。I had a strange experience several days ago.(不可数名词)

31、意为“经验”。She had much experience in teaching English.(2)vt.意为“经历，体验”。My hometown experienced great changes in the last twenty years.9.fit用法：（1）adj. 意为“健壮的，健康的”。 fit=healthyHe runs three miles every morning. Thats way hes so fit.(2)V. 意为“适合，符合，使适应”。This dress doesnt fit me.10.agree用法：（1）vi 意为“同意，赞同”。We

32、 agreed to leave at once.(2)agree with sb. 同意某人的观点。 agree to sth. 赞成计划，建议等 agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree on/upon sth. 在某方面意见一致11.pass用法：（1）vt. 意为“传递” pass sb. Sth.=pass sth. To sb.传递给某人某物Please pass the pen to me=Please pass me the pen.(2)表示“经过，通过”。He passed me and then turned back.12.call用法：(1)n. (可

33、数名词) 意为“（裁判员的）判决”。 Its sad to think of the call.(2)n.意为“电话” Please give me a call this afternoon.(3)v意为“打电话” Ill call again later.(4)v. 意为“命名，把.叫做” They call the baby Mark. plain用法：（1）vi. 意为“抱怨，埋怨”。（2）常用短语：complain about/of sth. 意为“抱怨某事” complain to sb. about/of sth. 意为“向某人抱怨某事”We have nothing to co

34、mplain about/of.Im going to complain to the manager about this.14.break用法：（1）vt. (broke) 意为“弄破，弄碎”。He broke the window yesterday. 意为“中断，暂停”。 Lets break for lunch.(2)n. 意为“间歇，休息”。We have a break at ten oclock.15.enjoy用法：（1）意为“喜欢，享受”（2）enjoy+名词/代词 表示“喜欢/享受.”We all enjoy the life in the country.(3)enjo

35、y doing sth. 表示“喜欢做某事”I enjoy working with you very much.(4)enjoy oneself 表示“过得愉快” enjoy oneself=have a good timeDid you enjoy yourself at the party?16.help用法：(1)help sb. do sth.=help sb. with sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”He often helps me to study English=He often helps me with my English.(2)help oneself to sth

36、. 意为“随便吃些.”Help yourself to some fish, children.(3)cant help doing.禁不住做. She cant help laughing.17.explain 用法：（1）vt.意为“解释，说明”。（2）explain+从句He explained why he didnt come yesterday.(3)explain+疑问词+动词不定式Can you explain to us how to use the car?(4)explain sth. To sb. 意为“向某人解释某事”The teacher explained the problem to the students.18.continue用法：（1）vi 意为“持续，继续”The snow continued for two days.(2)vt. 意为“使继续，使连续” continue +to do/v,ingThey continued to have a party. Mike continued reading the book.(3)continue with sth. 意为“使某物继续存在或者继续发生”You can continue