时态非谓语虚拟语气

1、1. 一般过去时一般将来时现在进行时现在完成时现在完成进行时过去进行时过去完成时过去完成进行时将来进行时将来完成时将来完成进行时一般过去将来时过去将来进行时过去将来完成时过去将来完成进行时1. 动词的时态和语态11 动词的时态和语态一览表时态语态 一般现在时  一般过去时    一般将来时主动被动 doare done didwere done will dowill be done 现在进行时  过去进行时  将来进行时主动被动  are doingare being done were doingwere be

2、ing done will be doing 现在完成时  过去完成时  将来完成时主动 被动 have donehave been done had donehad been done will have donewill have been done 现在完成进行时  主动 被动 have been doing   1.2 动词主要时态的意义及运用1) 现在完成时，过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语：up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten

3、years, by the end of this week, by the year of 1995  汉语提示语：已经，早已，了e.g. We havent met each other since last year.   By the end of this week, well have finished the task.2) 现在完成进行时从过去一直持续到现在，没有间断。汉语提示语：一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.  3) 过去完成时a) said, reported, though

4、t 等引导的间接引语中。e.g. He missed the train. He said he had missed the train. b) hardlywhen, no sooner thane.g. No sooner had he got up than he received the call. c) 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的条件状语从句中e.g. If I had tried harder, I would have won. I wish I had done better in the exam.  历年考题中的动词时态和语态1. Much of th

5、e carbon in the earth _ (come) from things that once lived. 2. In the past two decades, research _ (expand) our knowledge about sleep and dream. 3. Some proverbs _ (be) in the language for 1,000 years, for example, A friend in need is a friend indeed. 4. _ (stand) at the gate was a young man in gree

6、n coat. 5. In 1991, after the Gulf War, Bushs approved rating reached 91 percent, the highest level recorded since polling _ (begin) in the 1930. 6. Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day _ (make) us tolerate crime more than we should. 7. So far, Irving _ (live

7、) in New York City for ten years.   8. The patient _ (send) to another hospital before we got there. 9. The second half of the nineteenth century _ (witness) the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi. 10. All the worries they might have felt for him _ (dri

8、ve) off by the sight of his cheerful face. Key: 1. comes  一般现在时，主语为不可数名词，谓语用单数2. has expanded   现在完成时  3. has been  现在完成时4. Standing  过去进行时的倒装形式5. began  一般过去时6. makes  一般现在时，动名词做主语，谓语用单数7. has been living  现在完成进行时8. had been sent  过去完成时的被动形式9. witne

9、ssed   一般过去时10. were driven   一般过去时的被动2. 非谓语动词2.1 动词主要时态和语态一览表非谓语动词 形式 意义现在分词  一 般 式 Doing 主动, 正在进行被 动 式 being done 被动, 正在进行完成主动式 having done 主动, 已经完成完成被动式 having been done 被动, 已经完成过去分词 Done 被动, 已经完成动词不定式  一 般 式 To do 主动,将要进行被 动 式 To be done 被动, 将要进行完成主动式 To have done 主

10、动, 已经完成进行主动式 To be doing 主动, 正在进行 2.2. 非谓语动词作状语动词不定式：1）目的状语；2）结果状语e.g. I came here to meet you. （目的） He hurried to the rail station only to miss the train. （结果）分词：1) 伴随状语；2）原因状语；3）条件状语 4）让步状语；5）时间状语e.g. Walking along the street, he met his old friend.   （时间） Being very tired, my

11、father didnt go out with us.  （原因） Made by hand, the silk shirt is very expensive.    （原因） Seen from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball.  (条件)2.3 非谓语动词，状语从句和独立结构1) Having done their homework, the children began to play. (分词作状语)2) After having done their ho

12、mework, the children began to play. （连词+分词）3) After they had done their homework, the children began to play. （状语从句）4) With homework done, the children began to play.  （独立结构） 2.4 非谓语动词作定语1) If there is no choice, there is no decision _ (make). (to be made) 2) Do you know the man _ ( stand) in f

13、ront of the house? (standing) 3) The question _ (discuss) at the moment is very important. (being discussed)  4) The bridge _ (build) in the 1950s is still in good condition.  (built) 2.5 动名词和动词不定式 作主语和表语动名词作主语/表语表示一般、抽象的情况；动词不定时作主语表示具体某次的情况。e.g  Rising early is good for health.  

14、;To rise early tomorrow is difficult for me.  It is difficult for me to rise early tomorrow. My biggest wish is to go abroad.  Seeing is believing.  作宾语接动名词作宾语的动词：admit, acknowledge, avoid, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, forgive, finish, include, involve, min

15、d, put off, postpone, suggest, feel like, look forward to, be used to, be accustomed to, etc.  接动词不定式作宾语的动词：want, tend, intend, pretend, hope, plan, expect, be supposed to, seem, be likely to, used to, be willing to, desire, force, prefer, start, begin       接动名词和动

16、词不定式有不同含义的动词：1) forget, remember, regret2) stop, continue3) need/ want   4) allow doing/ allow sb to do (1) How can I forget meeting you for the first time?      Sorry, I forgot to lock the door.(2) I cant stop laughing.  Can you stop to give me a hand? (3) Th

17、e grass needs cutting. The grass needs to be cut.  (4) We dont allow smoking here. You are not allowed to smoke here.    历年考题中的非谓语动词1. A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys _ (do) is ignored by society as of no value or importance.  2. Anyone _(want) to understand t

18、he industry of the future will have to know about robotics. 3. It is a well-known fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes _ (control) his direction. 4. As research techniques become more advanced, the number of animals _ (use) in experiments may decrease. 5. It seems rea

19、sonable to assume that, other things _ (be) equal, they would prefer single to shared rooms. 6. This poem, if _ (translate) word for word into Chinese, will make no sense. 7. They may have their passports _ (remove), making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible. 8. Her body, with hands and feet

20、_ (bind), was discovered by a traveler early in the morning. 9. I couldnt help but _ (feel) this is a very strange life. 10. Let us consider the earth as a planet _ (revolve) round the sun. Key: 1. doing  动名词做enjoy的宾语  2. wanting 现在分词作定语 3. to control 动词不定式作目的状语 4. used  过去分词作定语 

21、 5. being  现在分词用在独立结构中6. translated 连词加过去分词作状语 7. removed 过去分词作宾补8. bound 过去分词用在独立结构中9. feel  couldnt help but 后接动词原形10. revolving 现在分词作定语 3. 虚拟语气第一大类：非真实条件下的虚拟语气时间 从句 主句与现在事实相反 did/ were should/could/would + do与过去事实相反 had done should/could/would + have done与将来事实相反 were to doshould do shou

22、ld/could/would + doe.g. If I were you, I would be happy to do it.  If we had got the news, we could have prepared earlier.  If the job were to succeed, you should work harder. 第二大类：从句中用过去时或过去完成时的虚拟语气1) would rather + 从句2) wish + 从句3) if only + 从句4) as if/ as though + 从句5) Its time + 从句e.g.

23、 I would rather you didnt tell me the story now.  I would rather you had told me the story yesterday. 第三大类：从句中用should加动词原形的虚拟语气，其中should可省略。1) suggest, propose, advise, move(动议), ask, order, require, request, desire, insist, prefer 等动词后接的宾语从句；2) suggestion, proposal, advice, motion, order, requ

24、irement, request, desire, preference等名词后的同位语从句； 3) important, necessary, essential, imperative, desirable, advisable, preferable 等形容词用在it is that句型中；4) lest, in case, for fear that 等引导的从句中。e.g. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. It is my suggestion that the meeting (should) b

25、e put off.  It is necessary that the meeting (should) be put off.  He came to the office earlier lest he (should) miss the important meeting. 历年考题中的虚拟语气1. If it hadnt been for your help, we _ (be) in real trouble. He would have given you more help, if he _ (not be) so busy. 3. It is h

26、igh time that we _ (take) firm measures to protect our environment. 4. It was imperative that students _ (finish) their papers before July 1st. 5. They demanded that the right to vote _ (give) to every adult person.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I _(receive) $10 more.I would rather he _ ( buy)

27、the house next year.  The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _ (meet) them before. 9. Should she come tomorrow, I _ take her to the museum.   A can    B will   C would    D must10. If we _ everything ready by now, we should

28、be having a terrible time tomorrow. A hadnt got  B didnt get C wouldnt have got D wouldnt get Key: 1. would have been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句2. had not been 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句3. took  It is high time +过去式的虚拟形式4. should finish/finish  It was imperative that+动词原形的虚拟形式5. be given  demand所接宾语从句

29、用动词原形的虚拟形式6. should have received 与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的主句，表示“本应该收到”而实际上没有。7. bought would rather后接宾语从句，从句用过去式表示虚拟语气。8. had met  as if 所引导的从句用过去完成式表示虚拟语气。9. C 与将来事实相反的虚拟语气的主句。10. A 从句与现在事实相反，但本身已经是现在完成时（从by now可以看出），所以变为过去完成时。 结束语：掌握语法题的要诀在于1）牢记上述表格；2）分清楚题目属于哪种具体情况；3）熟练套用正确形式；4）最后再检查一下是否应作必要的改动：如是否被动，三人

30、称动词后加s，动词的不规则变化等。在理解上述表格的适用条件后，再通过大量作题来巩固，及时纠正出现的错误，我们一定能攻克语法难题，在语法部分得到一个理想的分数！_., .leave me _worrying_ (worry) Leave the book _damaged_ (damage) Enable me to solve the problem . Enable the problem to be solved I would rather not go with you. I would rather I didnt go with you. Its time it _was done

31、_ (do) immediately. Its time to do it immediately.  He acted as if the book had been written (write) by him. Command, demand The order which/that is given by my boss is hard to carry out.  The order that the task should be finished (finish) today is hard to carry out. 1. Studies have

32、shown _ teenagers often suffer from depression. A. that    B. which  C. in which       D. in that2. _ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park, why dont you take a bus to town? A. In spite of    B. Rather than C. In place o

33、f    D. other thanHe hasnt  read one book _other than_ novels.  He has read no book other than novels. 3. In his composition there were no other errors _ a few misspelled words. A. except   B. besides  C. than  D. beside4. In deciding _ a course of action

34、, the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.A. how to pursue  B. whether to pursueC. how pursuing   D. whether pursuing 5. The kids are _ be hungry when they get homethey always are.A. obliged to  B. bound to  C. desired to   D. motivated to6

35、. It is said the conference is _ (hold) in this hall next month. Is to be held7. Little did they realize that they had made_ (make) an important discovery in science. 8. A life lived (live) without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed. 9. They proposed that the chance (that is availa

36、ble to them) be explained_ (explain) in detail. 10. (They are afraid that) everything well  prepared (prepare), they may still lose the game. 11.  While compelled (compel) to make the decision in a hurry, he made the right choice. 12.  He is said/known/reported to have made (make) a l

37、ot of money before he was thirty years old. He is said to take the job next week. He is said to have taken the job last week. I find him to have made a lot of moneyHe is found to have madeHe said he had made 13.  He would like to buy a used_ (use) car instead of a new one. 14.  Having been

38、 deprived of all his money, he had to find a job to support himself. 15.  How can you explain the phenomenon that occurs  (occur) again and again in our daily life?   从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1. - Oh, dear. I forgot the air tickets.- You _ something.A. have left B. are always

39、 leavingC. are leaving D. always left2. - I _ so busily recently that I _ no time to help you with your math.- Thats OK. I can manage it by myself. A. have been working; haveB. have worked; hadC. am working; will haveD. had been working; had had3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you _ to

40、 me.A. are writing B. will writeC. has written D. write4. He _ at the meeting, but his heart attack prevented him.A. will speak B. is going to speakC. had to speak D. was going to speak5. - I beg your pardon, but I didnt quite catch you. - Oh, I _ myself.A. am talking to B. talked aboutC. have talke

41、d to D. was talking to6. I _ ping-pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the New Year. A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play7. I first met Tom 10 years ago. He _ in a radio factory at that time.A. had worked B. has workedC. was working D. has been working8. - What _ when I phone

42、d you?- I _ my work, and I wanted to go out.A. have you done; finishedB. were you doing; have finishedC. did you do; had just finishedD. were you doing; had just finished9. - Have you finished the report?- No. I _ it all this week.A. will do B. had doneC. have done D. have been doing10. I can guess

43、you were in a hurry. You _ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. woreC. were wearing D. are wearing11. - We _ that you would fix the TV set this week.- Im sorry. I _ to fix it this week, but Ive been too busy.A. had expected; had intendedB. are expecting; had intendedC. expect; intendD. expected; i

44、ntend12. - Why? Tom, your shirt is so dirty!- Mum, I _ my storeroom downstairs.A. cleaned B. have cleanedC. was cleaning D. have been cleaning13. They wont buy new clothes because they _ money to buy a new house.A. save B. are savingC. have saved D. were saving14. The traffic in our city is already

45、good and it _ even better.A. gets B. got C. has got D. is getting15. - I will come to attend your lecture at 10:00 tomorrow.- Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I _ my guests in my office.A. is being met B. will meetC. will be meeting D. will have met16. - Alice came back home the day

46、before yesterday.- Really? Where _?A. has she been B. had she beenC. has she gone D. had she gone17. I know Mr. Brown; we _ to each other at an international conference.A. are introduced B. are been introducedC. were introduced D. had been introduced18. - Where do you think _ he _ the computer?- Sor

47、ry. I have no idea.A. has; bought B. 不填; boughtC. did; buy D. 不填; buys19. Dont bother to look for my dictionary - it _ some day.A. turns up B. has turned upC. will turn up D. is going to turn up20. - What do you think of this kind of TV set, which _ in Shanghai?- Well, I dont care about such things.

48、A. was made B. is madeC. has been made D. had been made21. - Did he notice you enter the room?- I dont think so. He _ to the radio with his eyes shut.A. listened B. was listeningC. has listened D. had listened22. The plane _ at 7:00 pm, so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.A. has lef

49、t B. would leaveC. will have left D. leaves23. The train _ at the present speed until it reaches the foot of the mountain at about nine oclock tonight.A. went B. is going C. goes D. will be going24. I used to drink a lot of tea but these days I _ coffee.A. prefer B. preferredC. had preferred D. am p

50、referring25. The vegetables didnt taste very good. They _ too long.A. had been cooked B. were cookedC. have cooked D. cooked26. - Remember the first time we met, Jim?- Of course I do. You _ in the library.A. were reading B. had readC. have read D. read27. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _

51、 the cloth _ well.A. have told; washesB. have been told; washesC. was told; washedD. have been told; is washed28. - Is Tom still smoking?- No. By next Saturday he _ for a whole month without smoking a single cigarette.A. will be B. will have goneC. will have been D. has been going29. - _ Betty this

52、morning?- Not yet, but she is sure to be here before noon.A. Have you seen B. Will you seeC. Do you see D. Did you see?30. Jim talked for about half an hour yesterday. Never _ him talk so much.A. I heard B. did I hearC. I had heard D. had I heard31. - Look at the black clouds. It _ soon.- Sure. If o

53、nly we _ out.A. is raining; didnt comeB. is to rain; wont startC. will rain; havent startedD. is going to rain; hadnt come32. He _ articles for our wall-newspaper these three years, and he _ about forty articles.A. has been writing; has writtenB. has been writing; wroteC. is writing; has been writin

54、gD. has written; has written33. She _ to the office than she got down to writing the report.A. has no sooner got B. had hardly gotC. no sooner got D. had no sooner got34. When he was alive, the old scientist used to say that knowledge _ from practice and he gained his experience by doing a lot of pr

55、actical work.A. was coming B. had comeC. comes D. would come35. - Dont forget to bring my new books tomorrow afternoon.- No, I _.A. dont B. do C. wont D. will36. I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A. finished what I was doingB. finished what I didC. would finish what I was doingD. finish

56、what I did37. You wont know whether the coat fits you until you _ it on.A. will try B. have triedC. tried D. are trying38. My dictionary _. I have looked for it everywhere but still _it.A. has lost; dont findB. is missing; dont findC. has lost; havent foundD. is missing; havent found39. _ it with me and Ill see what I can do.A. When left B. LeavingC. If you leave D. Leave40. - How are you planning to travel to Shanghai?- I _ yet, but I _ taking a train.A. didnt decide; am