3单项选择（名词）

1、 专题 3 单项选择 （名词） 直击考纲 1、注重语言意义的考查，特别是在具体语境中的含义。2、侧重名词搭配的掌握 热点综观1、知识图谱 普通名词的分类类别例词形式个体名词man, desk, pencil有单复数形式集体名词class, family, army物质名词water, iron, rice无单复数形式抽象名词happiness, life, help 名词的所有格类别例词一般加sRosss book, todays paperof结构the window of the room,a friend of my fathers2、重点难点 不可数名词和可数名词，依据英美人的语言习惯

2、，不可汉语化。 复数名词的特殊意义。 名词的所有格的特殊意义。 名词所作的句子成分。 近义词词义用法的比较和区别。3、热点冷点 名词与其他词（介词或动词）构成的固定词组，用名词的单数还是复数，加什么冠词，不同的含义。 物质名词与抽象名词在语境中的具体化含义及其用法。 名词作定语的不同形式，特别是单复数形式作定语。 名词在句中作补语、表语和同位语时与冠词的搭配使用，特别注意零冠词现象。特殊名词的单复数含义不同。经典与原创例1 (2001.上海)As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land

3、.A. number has B. quantityhas C. numberhave D. quantityhave互动 本题中“a large number of”所表示的“许多”其后所跟应是可数名词的复数形式, 而desert则是一个不可数名词, 因此要排除A、C两个选项。而“a large quantity of”则是一个既可跟可数名词复数又可跟不可数名词的词组, 因此答案应在B、D两项中选。由于a large quantity of desert是不可数名词作主语, 因此谓语动词要用单数答案 B 小结 英语里有几种表示“许多”、“大量”的词组, 有的其后只能跟不可数名词, 如a gr

4、eat deal of；有的后跟可数名词的复数, 如 scores of；有的后跟可数名词的单数, 如many a；还有的既可跟可数名词的复数又可跟不数名词, 如a lot of, plenty of；因此在使用时要有所选择。例2 - Is the car yours? - No, _. A. Smiths B. that of Smiths C. the SmithsD. the Smiths互动本题考查复数姓氏名词的一些用法，the Smiths“史密斯一家”，因此the Smiths“史密斯家的”答案 D小结 姓氏名词的复数前家加定冠词表示“姓的夫妇”或“姓的一家”，作主语时，谓语动词用

5、复数形式，其所有格是复数所有格，在后面加上，表示“姓家的东西”。名词所有格指代的意义有很多，如：动作的承受者和执行者；某人家或店铺；表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命名词的格等。单、复数名词和复合名词的所有格的形式各个不同，复习时应加以区分和记忆。高考面对面1. It is widely accepted that young babies learn to do things because certain acts lead to _. A. rewardsB. prizesC. awardsD. result2. Youll find this map of great _

6、in helping you to get around in London. A. price B. cost C. valueD. usefulness3. Everyone fails now and then. Its how you react that makes a _ in life. （2005哈尔滨模拟） A. developmentB. difference C. progressD. point4. A months _ is required from whichever party wishes to end the agreement. A. messageB.

7、letter C. sentenceD. notice5. It has come to my _ that some of you have been missing classes. A. watch B. sightC. viewD. notice6. - Where is the new dictionary? - Its on the top shelf, out of _. A. reach B. orderC. sightD. touch7. The head office of the bank is in Beijing, but it has _ all over the

8、country.（2005辽宁高考） A. companiesB. branches C. organizationsD. businesses8. You should take the medicine after you read the _. A. linesB. words C. instructions D. suggestions9. - Hi, this way, please. - OK. I sometimes have no sense of _ when I arrive at the crossroad. A. positionB. direction C. situ

9、ationD. condition10. She is always ready to help people in trouble because she thinks it a _. A. decisionB. chance C. prideD. pleasure11. I listened to Dr. Johnsons lecture about biology, but I failed to get its key _. A. words B. notes C. messages D. points12. - Mum, Im going to visit my aunt. What

10、 about a week? - A week is too long. Try to be back in a _ of days. A. numberB. dozenC. coupleD. score13. He is always full of _ as though he never knew tiredness. A. strengthB. energy C. force D. spirit14. No regular advertiser dare produce anything that fails to stick to the _ of his advertisement

11、. A. standardB. levelC. textD. promise15. - Im sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired. - There is no _ for this while you are on duty. A. reason B. excuse C. causeD. explanation16. The _ has become extremely tense. A war could break out any time between the two sides. A. pollutionB. f

12、riendship C. situationD. condition17. Some of the passengers told the reporters about their _ in the burning train. A. details B. trips C. eventsD. experiences18. We look forward to the day when the motorcar has been replaced by some less dangerous _ of transport. A. methodsB. meansC. manners D. way

13、s19. - Are you here on business? - No. Just for _. A. happinessB. pleasure C. joyD. delight20. - They discussed the problem for hours. - Did they came to any _. A. endB. resultC. opinion D. conclusion21. Ill look into the matter as soon as possible. Just have a little _. A. waitB. timeC. patienceD.

14、rest22. Weve missed the last bus. Im afraid we have no _ but to take a taxi. A. wayB. choiceC. possibilityD. selection23. The new law will come into _ on the day it is passed. A. effectB. use C. serviceD. existence24. I wrote him a letter to show my _ of his thoughtfulness.（2005宁波十校联考） A. achievemen

15、tB. agreement C. attentionD. appreciation25. One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good _. A. sightB. sceneC. viewD. look26. Popular music is liked by many people, but it is not to everyones _. A. mannersB. shareC. smellD. taste27. I wanted to go there

16、 by plane but I hadnt enough money to pay for the _. A. journeyB. travelC. voyageD. fly28. Its a teachers _ to make children learn. A. matterB. affairC. businessD. event29. He has a large _ to support. A. familyB. homeC. houseD. hometown30. I watched a boxing _ on TV last night. A. matchB. gameC. fl

17、ightD. sport31. Flight BA 123 to Vienna is now boarding at _. A. Gate 21B. 21st Gate C. the Gate 21D. 21 Gate32. Thanks to the old mans hard work, a lot of _ has been covered with green trees. A. the hillsB. hillsC. the hillD. hill33. The animal has a brain which is nearest _. A. in mans sizeB. in s

18、ize to man C. in size to mansD. to the size in man34. Although the town had been attacked by the storm several times, _ was done.（2005北京四中一模） A. a few damagesB. few damages C. little damageD. a little damage35. She could hear the opening and closing of her neighbors door and then that knocking on _.

19、 A. his ownB. her own C. ones ownD. their own36. - Have some more _? - No, thanks. I _. A. chicken; I have got enough B. chickens; I have had enough C. chicken; I have had enough D. chicken; I have had much37. John said that he didnt do _ paper work. A. manyB. lots ofC. a great deals of D. much38. T

20、he _ is just around the corner and you wont miss it. A. bicycles shopB. bicycle shop C. bicycles shopD. bicycles shop39. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; workB. wealths; works C. wealths; workD. wealth; works40. - Id like _ information about the management of your hotel, p

21、lease. - Well, you could have _ word with the manager. He might be helpful. A. some; a B. an; some C. some; someD. an; a 41. An ant has two _. A. stomachsB. stomaches C. stomachD. stomachs42. She spent sixteen _ and sixty _ on the book yesterday, that is, she spent about two dollars. A. yuan; fenB.

22、yuans; fen C. yuan; fensD. yuans; fens43. _ is published daily. A. Time B. TimesC. The Time D. The Times44. What _! Where did you get them? A. big fishB. a big fish C. a piece of big fishD. big a fish45. This is my old photo of my aunts when she had _. And now she has a few _. A. short hair; grey ha

23、irsB. short hairs; grey hair C. short hair; grey hairD. short hairs; grey hairs46. The ship is ploughing _ of the Atlantic. A. the watersB. waterC. watersD. a water47. Mr. Wang looks happy. He must have got _. A. a few good news B. a number of good news C. little good news D. a little good news48. N

24、o _ that you failed in the exam. You have always been so careless. A. matter B. troubleC. wonder D. way49. In order to learn the _ of the family business, Bill took a job as messenger boy in one of the offices. A. ins and outsB. dos and donts C. heads and tailsD. Ts and Fs50. Do you know _ we are ta

25、lking about? Come and Ill tell you. A. which Mark Twins B. which novel of Mark Twin C. which novel of Mark Twins D. Mark Twins which novel51. I have a lot of foreign friend. Among them are two _. A. Japaneses B. GermenC. EnglishD. Americans52. Tom has six _ books, two _ are storybooks. A. dozens of;

26、 dozen B. dozen of; dozen of them C. dozen of; dozen D. dozen; dozen of which53. He asked the girl at the reception desk if she had any small _. She gave him _ for his _ piece. A. change; ten pence; tenpenny B. change; ten pennies; ten-pence C. change; ten pence; ten-pence D. changes; ten pennies; t

27、enpenny54. Toms and Jacks _ came to London last week. A. father-in-lawB. fathers-in-law C. fathers in lawD. father-in-laws55. Such men have made _ by developing oil businesses. A. great fortunesB. a huge fortune C. some huge fortuneD. a great fortune56. We will be happy to give you up-to-date _ on b

28、us and train _. A. information; time B. informations; time C. informations; timesD. information; times57. He is not _ as a leader but he has gained _ in teaching. A. success; many experiences B. a success; much experience C. great success; an experience D. success; much experience58. It wont make mu

29、ch _ whether you agree or not. A. trouble B. difference C. troubles D. differences59. The man who used to work in a _ works is now a _ teacher. A. chemistry; chemistryB. chemistry; chemical C. chemical; chemicalD. chemical; chemistry60. He has _ for music. A. no ear B. no ears C. no an ear D. not ea

30、r61. Fast food restaurants offer people _ everything from fried chicken to fried rice. A. in the runB. for the run C. on the runD. to the run62. His behavior at the dinner party last night seemed rather _. Many of us were very surprised. A. out of placeB. out of practice C. out of bad mannersD. out

31、of order63. Jack tried hard to get a gold medal in this Winter Olympic Games but he had no _. A. luckB. timeC. fateD. entrance64. _ danger man is often much wiser than usual. A. In a time ofB. In the time of C. In the time ofD. In time of65. - Yang Yang carried off the first Winter Olympic _ medal f

32、or China. - Great! What _ she won for our motherland! A. golden; honourB. gold; honour C. golden; honoursD. gold; honours66. - May I take your order now? - Wed like three black _ and A. coffeeB. coffees C. cups of coffeesD. cup of coffees高考猜想67. Ask Tom to come at once, for the train is starting _.A

33、. in a momentB. in the momentC. at a momentD. for a moment专题3 单项选择 名词1-5. ACDDD 6-10. AACBD 11-15. DCBDB 16-20. CDBBD 21-25. CBABC 26-30. DACAA31-35. ACCDB 36-40. CDBDA 41-45. AADAA 46-50. ADCAC 51-55. DDBBA 56-60. DBBDA 61-67. CAADBBA1. reward“报酬；奖赏”，prize“奖金”，award“奖（项）；奖金”，result“结果”，题干中that引导的主语

34、从句意思是“幼儿做事情是因为某些行为可得到回报”，因此A项最合适。2. price“价格”，cost“成本”，value“价值”，usefulness“有用（的特性）”，表示有价值用of great value，of great use也是正确的。3. 题干中的like短语意思是“就象其他能量形式”，用energy最合适。pressure“压力”，force“武力；势力”，strength“力气”。4. 题干的第二部分的意思是“任何一方想要终止协议的话”，前半句的意思应该是“一定要提早一个月通知”，表示“通知”的名词是notice，message“口信”，letter“信；字母”，senten

35、ce“句子”，意思相差悬殊。5. notice还可以表示“注意力”，题目的意思是“我注意到你们有些人逃课”，sight和view都可以表示“视线”，与题意不符，而watch表示“观看”。6. 根据句意on the top shelf，后半部分表示“够不着”，较合题意。out of sight“看不见”，out of order“秩序混乱”，out of touch“失去联系”。7. cause表示事件的起因，reason是产生某种行为思想的原因，题干中表示“生命开始的起因”，用cause较合适。problem“有待处理解决的问题”，而“解开谜团”用solve the puzzle。8. ins

36、truction“产品的说明；说明性文字”，其他选项的含义都与题目相距太远。9. 从上文来看是给对方指路，因此下文说自己“没有方向感”，其他的搭配和含义都不合适。10. 从题干的意思来看，是把帮助别人当作一种乐趣，pleasure是唯一的选择，其他的选项不合题意。11. key words“关键词”，key points“要点；主要思想”。12. 根据句意“一个星期太长了”，比一个星期短的只有couple。13. 根据下文he never knows tiredness，前文用energy“精力；能量”最合适，full of energy是固定搭配“精力充沛”，而strength侧重于“力气”

37、。14. 理解句子的意思至关重要“没有一个正规的登广告的人敢于生产与广告中的承诺不相符合的产品”，只有promise能表示“承诺；允诺”。至于A，广告里的标准，介词用in。15. 根据第一个人的说法，他把“累”作为出去吸烟的“理由”，但下文指出“值班时间不应该擅离岗位”，在此情景中，任何“理由”或“解释”都该理解成“借口”，因此excuse最合适。16. 从下文“双方随时会爆发战争”可以看出“形势很紧急”，situation是唯一答案，相当于conditions，而condition“条件；状况”。17. 可以想象是乘客们在告诉记者他们在着火的车上的“经历”，在此experience是可数名词

38、，而details是事情的细节，与their搭配不合适，trips in the train不合逻辑，至于event是指整个事件，在此用复数形式不合适。18. means of transport“交通方式”，means常跟介词by搭配，method常指系统的一套方式方法，如teaching methods，也可与by搭配，而manner则指行为态度的样子、方式，作品的风格、手法，与in搭配。way是使用最广泛的词，与in连用。19. on business“出差”，与此相对的是for pleasure“（游）玩”，而happiness“幸福”，delight“高兴”，for joy“因为高兴

39、”，都不合题意。20. discuss“讨论”得出的是“结论”conclusion，且常come to / reach等表示“到达”的动词连用。end“（事情/故事的）结尾”，result“事情的结果”，opinion“观点”。21. 题干中提供了明确的信息Ill look into the matter as soon as possible“我将尽快处理此事”，说话人在劝慰对方“耐心等待”，用patience最合适。22. “除了别无选择”have no choice but，其他选项不能表达此含义。23. come into effect“（法律/规则）开始实施”，come into u

40、se“（产品/设施）开始使用”。24. 题干交代“尽可能多拿，因为不收费”，free of charge“不收费”，是固定搭配，意思是free。fare“旅费（车/船/机票价）”。25. have a good view“看到好的风景”，sight“视线”，scene“场景；背景”，have a good look“好好看一下”。26. 题干交代“流行音乐不一定合每个人的口味”，只有taste可表此意。27. journey“旅行；旅程”，用得最广泛，指从一地到另一地的全过程；travel常用作抽象名词，复数形式泛指到各地的旅行，有“游历”的意味；voyage指较长的水路或空中航行；fly“飞

41、行”。本题所指费用不仅仅指交通工具，还包括其他方面，所以用journey最好。28. matter指必须考虑的事件、事情，通常作不可数名词，如句型Whats the matter with? affair可数名词，“事件、事务”，如public affairs“公共事务”，international affairs“国际事务”；business可以指商业活动，也可以指职责、工作、责任，如on business“出差”；event指发生的事件或指赛事。29. family指“由人组成的家庭”，强调家庭成员，如He was born in a workers family；home“家”，指家庭所

42、在的地方或环境；house“房屋”，hometown“家乡”30. 拳击或摔跤比赛常用match。语法形式题 31. “名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”表示编号或次序，如Lesson One，或the First Lesson，本题的“21号门”，可以用Gate 21或the 21st Gate来表示。32. 解此题的关键词是谓语动词has，可见主语是单数意义的名词，可以先排除A、B，其次要注意该名词前面有a lot of来修饰，此时的a lot of不是指“许多”，而是相当于a large part of，后跟表示特定意义的名词the hill，意思是“这座山的多数地方”。33. 本

43、题的意思是“这种动物的大脑在大小与人类的最接近”，首先要注意比较对象要一致，把B、D排除，A中的mans size“人类的大小”含义也不合题意；C中的mans指mans brain，选项中把in size（在大小上）提前，增加了解题难度，当表示比较意义时，常用nearer/nearest to形式。34. fun用作不可数名词。35. 前文出现her neighbors door，后文指“有人在敲她自己的门”，her own = her own door，通常把ones own来代替所有格代词。36. 某些表示动物的名词还可以表示该动物的肉作食物，是不可数名词，如a duck（一只鸭），duc

44、k（鸭肉），a goose（一只鹅），goose（鹅肉），a fish（一条鱼），fish（鱼肉），同样的，a chicken（一只小鸡），chicken（鸡肉）。本题中劝对方再吃些鸡肉，回答说已经吃得够多了，用I have had enough，此时的enough用作代词，表示“足够的量；过多的量”。37. paper work不可数，排除A。 lots of用于肯定句，而C选项中应该为a great deal of，因此只能选D，much。38. 表示什么样的商店用单数名词修饰另一名词shop，因此本题的“自行车商店”应该是bicycle shop。名词修饰名词一般用单数形式，但也有用复数

45、形式的，如parents meeting（家长会），sports meeting（运动会），goods train（货车）， the United States government（美国政府），salesgirl/tax/department（女推销员/销售税/销售部），women/men doctors（女/男医生），但要注意a woman/man doctor（一个女/男医生），boy/girl students（男/女学生们）。39. wealth不可数，排除B、C，works“作品”，排除A、C。本句意思是“他靠印刷名人的作品而发了财”。40. 上句意思是“我想了解一些你们旅馆的管理

46、情况”，下句意思是“你可以和经理谈一下，也许有帮助”。information不可数，不与不定冠词连用，排除B、D。其次考查了固定词组have a word with “与某人交谈”，而have words with“与某人有口角”。固定词组里的名词单复数形式、与冠词如何连用都是约定俗成的，不能任意改动，word的有关词组如下：in a word“总之”，in other words = in another word“换句话说”，send word“捎信”，give ones word“承诺”，keep ones word“守信”，break ones word“失信”，leave word“

47、留言”，eat ones word“失信”。41. 当-ch在词尾发t时，其后加es表示复数，如matches，watches，而发k时，加s。42. 汉语拼音表示的币制、度量衡等单位的名词没有复数形式（或者说是单复数同形），如yuan, jiao, fen, mu, li等，而且通常用斜体字。而外国的币制、度量衡等单位名词通常是可数的，如dollar, cent, pound, penny, franc等。43. The Times是专有名词，指英国的泰晤士报。一些常见的报刊、杂志、组织机构的名称作主语时，谓语常用单数。44. fish意思是“鱼”时，是可数名词，而且单复数同形，作“鱼肉”解

48、时是不可数名词，因此本题的前半部分是个感叹句，从后半句的them可以看出前半句省略了主谓they are，故选A。45. 表示“全部头发”时，hair是不可数名词，表示“若干根头发；部分头发”时，hair是可数的具体名词。46. water作物质名词时意思是“水”，不可数，而指某江河湖海中的“水体”时常用waters。本题意思是“这艘船正在大西洋海域中破浪前进”。单复数形式含义不同的名词有：colour“颜色”，colours“旗帜”，arm“手臂”，arms“武器”，line“线；排”，lines“台词”，custom“习惯”，customs“海关”，paper“纸”，paper“报纸”，t

49、ime“时间”，times“时代”，good“好事”，goods“货物”，force“力量”，forces“军队”，air“空气”，airs“神气”，ash“灰”，ashes“骨灰”，drink“喝”，drinks“饮料”，spirit“精神”，spirits“情绪；酒精”，manner“方式”，manners“礼貌”，condition“条件”，conditions“形式；情况”。平时要注意积累区分这些词，在考试中才能应付自如。47. news是不可数名词，当然先排除A、B，根据句意应该表示肯定意义，因此排除C，用a little good news。48. 本题考查名词词组引导从句。no

50、wonder“难怪；不足为奇”，符合句意“你老是那么粗心，难怪考试不及格”。no matter常与疑问词连用，表示“不管；无论”，no way“没门”。49. 考查固定词组ins and outs“细节；来龙去脉”，全句的意思是“为了了解这家家族公司的来龙去脉，比尔在其中的一个办公室担当了送信的差使”。heads and tails“正面还是反面”，dos and donts“规章制度；该做的事和不该做的事”。50. 考查双重所有格，意思是“马克吐温小说的哪一部”。当a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, every,

51、such, another, which, what等与名词所有格共同修饰一个名词时，两者不能都放在该名词的前面，而要用名词的双重所有格来表示，其结构为：a (this, some)+名词+of+s所有格。这种结构表示“部分”概念，有时也表示某种感情色彩。双重所有格和of结构有时可以互换，意义区别不大。比较：a friend of her mothers = a friend of her mother有时两种形式表示的意义不同。比较：a picture of his brothers 他弟弟的一张照片（他弟弟所拥有的一张照片）a picture of his brother 他弟弟本人的一张

52、照片（照片上是他弟弟）a criticism of Mrs. Greens格林太太作的一次批评a criticism of Mrs. Green 对格林太太作的一次批评当of所有格的介词宾语是专有名词时，一般只用双重所有格。如：a toy of Toms双重所有格中的所有格s必须是特指，而且一般只指人而不指物，如：a pencil of my sisters()a pencil of a students(×)the cover of the book()the cover of the books(×)51. 以-ese结尾的“某国人”的名词单复数同形；以-an结尾的复数

53、要加-s；“德国人”German的复数是Germans。常见的归纳如下表国名单数复数Chinaa Chinesetwo Chinese Japana Japanesetwo JapanesePortugala Portuguesetwo PortugueseVietnama Vietnamesetwo VietnameseAmericaan Americantwo AmericansIndiaan Indiantwo IndiansItalyan Italiantwo ItaliansKoreaa Koreantwo Koreans52. dozen“十二”，其用法与score基本一样，但当d

54、ozen表示实数时，不与of连用，只有当名词前有these, those, my, the这一类的限定词时才加of，dozen后接宾格代词时，也加of，如two/several dozen pencils 两打/几打铅笔，two dozen of these pencils 这些铅笔中的两打。若前面无数词修饰，表示概指时，要用复数形式，如dozens of trees几十棵树，dozens of things = a dozen things许多事情，by the dozen 论打（计算、买、卖），in dozens 一打一打地。53. change作“零钱；找头”时是不可数名词，本题中即是此意，作“变化”解时是可数名词。penny“便士”，有两种复数形式pence和pennies，其中pence指“金额”，而pennies指“面值1便士的硬币”，试比较：five pence“5便士”，five pennies“5个1便士的硬币”。本题意思是“女孩把他的一张10便士面额的钞票换成了10枚1便士的硬币”。54. 复合名词的复数形式因词而异，一般s/es要加在中心名词上，如film-goers, lookers-on, passers-by, sons-in-law等，此题