The social and cultural factors in translation practice

1、毕 业 论 文 空行 the social and cultural factors in translation practice翻译实践的社会和文化因素本科生毕业论文评阅书the social and cultural factors in translation practice翻译实践的社会和文化因素学生姓名学 号所在院系专 业程树环200910624715继续教育学院英语导师姓名指导教师意见评语：成绩：导师签字： 日期： 年 月 日 17翻译实践的社会和文化因素abstract:abstract: language is an important part of culture, i

2、t is culture of a kind of expression form, is also a kind ofsocial and cultural phenomenon. language is like a mirror reflecting an overall culture of the nations, and as a window on theculture of all the elements, and the culture and language is the basis of survival, is the language of the new sup

3、ersedes the old. the source of life.based on the language connotation of the complex, in english-chinese translation practice, will not only focus on the language conversion, but through languagethe surface words, understand its meaning and deep cultural connotation. the translator has to further st

4、udy the translation of content related to the originallanguage and the target language culture characteristics and differences, using various translation skills translation method, both keeping the exotic, andfor readers who accept the most natural and the closest to the original meaning of the text

5、keywords: key words: english translation; cultural differences; influencing factors; method research关键词：关键词: 英语翻译;文化差异;影响因素;方法探索 outline: the social and cultural factors in translation practice空行1. one, english and chinese cultural differences2.different cultural background2.1第二部分二级标题(1) 2.1.1associ

6、ation of different2.2第二部分二级标题(2)2.2.1第二部分二级标题（2）的三级标题（1）2.2.23.the manifestation of politeness in practical lifethe social and cultural factors in translation practice以下正文中的层级标题要和提纲中的层级标题完全一致。但次级标题不需缩进。 1. english and chinese cultural differences language as a part of culture, is the culture of a ki

7、nd of form of expression, but also a kind of social cultural phenomenon. language is a mirror to reflect all of the nation's culture, like a window prompts the culture of all internalcapacitance, and culture is the basis for the survival of language, is the language of the new supersedes the old

8、. the source of life. from the linguistic anglepoint of view, language is a reflection of culture, and culture is to master a direct and effective tool2.the different cultural background2.1 第二部分二级标题(1) the translation is difficult, the difficulty in two kinds of different understanding and translati

9、on. there are some things in a kind of cultural system was not madeand metaphor, and in another culture system is actually very difficult to understand; the same word or phrase in different countries authorchanges are often different in meaning. translation is not only focus on the language conversi

10、on, but the surface through the language, understand itsmeaning and deep cultural connotation. therefore, the translator must further study the translation of content related to the source language and the target languagethe cultural traits and cultural differences, use various kinds of translation

11、methods, translation is keeping the exotic, and as the reader's acceptancethe most natural and most close to the original translation.one, english and chinese cultural differenceslanguage as a part of culture, is the culture of a kind of form of expression, but also a kind of social cultural phe

12、nomenon. language is a mirror to reflect all of the nation's culture, like a window prompts the culture of all internalcapacitance, and culture is the basis for the survival of language, is the language of the new supersedes the old. the source of life. from the linguistic anglepoint of view, la

13、nguage is a reflection of culture, and culture is to master a direct and effective tool.each nation has its own culture, this culture is in the specific natural environment, historical conditions, geographical locationand the social reality forms, thus has the particularity. to master a language wil

14、l be familiar with the culture behind it.special, have insight into this and other nationalities cultural differences.( a ) the different cultural backgroundchina since ancient times with agriculture, agricultural population is numerous, so many idioms are derived from the farmer's proverb.for e

15、xample:withered wood or cold ashes dead trees and cold ashes as thin be lean an a rake on bombmusic cast pearls bef ore swine a rolling stone gathers "a rolling stone gathers no moss no mass publicpeople collecting firewood high flame many hands make light work britain is an island country, bri

16、tish people like navigation, because ofof this, a large part of idioms derived from the nautical career.for example:good wind fast hoist your sail when the wind to is fai still r still waters run deepwaters run deep calm sea, every man is a pilot in a calm sea, every man is apilot small leak will si

17、nk a great ship a small leak will sink a great ship ( two) custom ofthe samechinese and british people say : "i used to love you." " i love you with my heart."there is a little bit english chinese mainland people introduce to foreigners, his lover with the word "love",

18、foreignpeople listened very surprised, because the love in english lover or his mistress, and "love" in chinesewhen the english" hu * * and" or" wif e".chinese regard owl as not auspicious symbol, but in english, say," as wise as an owl",the owl as the symbol

19、of wisdom.chinese" dragon " as the lucky ones, have unbelievable great power, thus becoming the worldthe symbol of the emperor, or even regard it as a bright future," wangzichenglong". but the british have " dragon"as the jet fireworks murderous monster.( three) the dif

20、ferent associationlanguage is the vehicle of thought, and thought is the objective reflection. humans have many different experience of life, a total ofwith experience, so different cultures have many coincidence office ( cultural overlaps ). for example: in english and chinese two languageswords, w

21、ith snow white with gold yellow metaphor, analogy, cunning as a fox, with flexible monkey metaphor, but due to the guestexternal condition restrict, different people use different metaphors to express the same idea.for example:" kill two birds with one stone," chinese english" one sto

22、ne two birds". chinese with" no tiger in the mountain, monkeydominate the king ", with" in the land of. the blind, the one eyed man is king."" strong as an ox.", english" as st rong as a horse" chinese one.mouth to drink, often say" like a fish"

23、, and" drink like a say f ish"( four) social ritual differenceamericans in greeting, often said:" hello"," hi", while the chinese often say when they meet:" you do not eat?" asked the chinese like:" whereare you going where have you been?" some engli

24、sh speaking people listened very unhappy, saying:" it is none of your ( business!"do you mind? )foreigners usually say farewell: good - bye . bye - bye or see you later or a smileaccompanied by a farewell gesture can, while the chinese often say " walking, walking"," go, go&

25、quot; or" please stay"." thank you" in chinese, is used very widely, but english is not completely equivalent.( five) culture on the blank ( cultural blanks ) and cultural conf ( in the sense of conflictlicts )the so-called cultural gaps, which some claim or action is a country a

26、ll, no other countries. for example: chinasome of the comments, no foreign: sing a red-faced, stuff, bootlick, left, superhuman powers, cast pearls before swine, classget the axe, kong fuzi moved - net is the book; in english also has a number of unique view, for example: askeletonin the cupboard, a

27、 green eye, as poor as church mouse, take frenchleave, a black sheep, a white lie, a f rog inthe throat, a bee inone ' s bonnet.the significance of the conflict, that some things or actions in china, britain has, and has quite the word, but thethe meaning is different, so a word:" china is

28、a piece of fat meat, who all want to eat." the words in the english language are fatthere are, but foreign students are difficult to understand, why to fat, lean lean is not better than. chinese meet often say that:" you fat!" it was a compliment, but the british and american people s

29、ound, thought is warning him that should be on a diet, hethey do not understand why " bluffing".the english " f lower" is often used to refer to a woman, but chinese" flower " of the word, after certain combinations haveanother meaning of. for example: with flowers and

30、weed, red-light district,here it means" flower" indecent women or prostitutes.two, the relationship between culture and translationwhat is the relationship between translation and culture culture? how? this is our first need to clarify the problem. the british schooltaylor ( e . b. tylor,

31、1871), to the" culture" is defined as:" culture", i.e.knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other as members of the society for people to getincludes all abilities and habits, complex integral. culture of human in social development to create spiritual wealthand th

32、e rich material wealth, but also the humans in their historical experience in the creation of the concept and the sum of things. culture andis not abstract, it is our perception. human emotions to themselves, skill and wisdom to create their ownculture, update their culture. different national langu

33、ages are different, culturally different, but the ability of human natureis the same, as created by the human culture in the deep sense reflects human common ability, various nationalitiesculture has the same sex, different countries, different ethnic diversity and activity of the concept of diversi

34、fication so that its cultural contentand appeared in the form of diversity, which is the origin of cultural differences.translation is the two language between social communication and communication tool, its aim is to promote the language clubthe political, economic and social and cultural progress

35、,its mission is to take the original works are included in the real world logic mapping or artistic image, intactfrom one language to another language or to, cultural exchange, to promote social progress, this is the translationthe fundamental task and the greatest significance, however, in the proc

36、ess of translation, present on the surface of foreign words on the difference expressiondifferent, only from the word skills up to it is difficult to solve the difference of meaning, we must from the cultural background.processing of foreign words in the expression of things connotation differences,

37、 because these differences derive is in life is different and formation.now, give an example to illustrate the function of translation in literature, cultural background is extremely important; translationon the cultural background of less familiar words, translation will blunt hard to read, and som

38、etimes even unintelligible:his ears listening to this sound foundation, it is angry cries, is a wild roar. he felt that.enthusiasm and blood of harassment, in his chest turbulent, in his face, feel the fury of the storm blows, beforeenter a, destruction, and to the great hull dove russ bottom will s

39、uddenly stop with. the great spirit, secretion of histhe body went to. seem to boast about his blood and body and mind, make these suddenly big, he stands on the world,he as the general,anger and sadness in violent storms, broke his heart. ? how sad ah? how one thing ah! hestrongly feel? hard, more

40、hard, become the strong person, how good? to be thereforce and bear bitter hardships, how good!this translation is a translation of lu xun romain rolland's" john christopher" of "dawn" in the sectionlet me have a look, fu lei's translation, reading under an immediate sens

41、e of the difference between the two. investigate its reason, alu xun on european music do not quite understand, but fu lei had studied beethoven's life and works, known as the european musicculture, the translation of the translation course deep charm:he knew the music, know this angry cries, th

42、e angry shouts, he heard his own heart in the chest beforebounce, blood boiling in there, face to the wind blowing, it beat all, mop up all, suddenly stop, as if there were a an irresistible force will put the repression, the great soul deep in his heart, so thathis body and soul to expand, become g

43、igantic. he walked in the world of indomitable spirit. he is a mountain, big storm in the chest percussion, the fury of the storm! pain thunderstorm!? oh! what a pain!? butafraid of nothing! he felt so strong? good suffer eternal suffering!? oh! be strong can be moregood! strong and can suffer well!

44、?therefore, whether the translator writing accomplishment and time how home, lack of cultural background is not. yieldone example, to illustrate the close relationship between translation and culture.the university of oxford retired teacher hawke si ( david havikes ) in order to focus on cao xueqin&

45、quot; a dream of red mansions" translated into english, resigned from the oriental institute, university of oxford professor, to be "a dream of red mansions" one bookenglish version by british penguin publishing company, soon became a classic translations, although did not for hawke&#

46、39;sbring the mental labor reward, but the fox version will become the chinese classical literature in english translation of the work model, whenwithout a doubt. the following is a thirteenth time of qin keqing wind sister show, there are so few:now we celebrated, has for hundreds of years, one day

47、 if the sentence should have, if the loss of a supporter.it is not known, a virtual world cultured old family? hawke's translation is as follows:our house has now enjoyed nearly a century of dazzling success.suppose one day" joy at its height engenders sparrows and suppose."that in the

48、 words of another proverb the t ree," when falls, themonkeys scatter" will not our rep. utation as one of the great,cultural households of the age then turn into a hollow mockery?song qi praised:" reading is very comfortable, just like translation, especially the translation of great

49、cultured old family", cultural household is because he" understand"" cultured old family " culture connotation.the above two examples illustrate the cultural background on the importance of translation, in fact the lack of cultural elements in translationequivalent to a lack

50、 of spiritual translation, the so-called" culture", but also includes the translator of the original cultural backgroundculture, understanding and caused by the temperament and style. in other words, translation is actually the original, the original culturebackground, translation, transla

51、tion and cultural background, the original author of the temperament and style, his temperament and style of mixingbody. to make these elements combine to form a complex, is not an easy task. however, can someonedo this comprehensive work. such as: fu lei in" john christopher", hawke's

52、 english translation" a dream of red mansions".three, in the practice of translation, cultural differences to solve the main methodtranslation is the communication thought of different nationalities, cultural exchange, translation is not only to consider the difference of language, but als

53、opay close attention to cultural differences. because of the ethnic cultural differences often beat all the difficulties in translation, the originalthe language contains cultural content if the translator's cultural perspective to understand, often resulting in the expression.mistakes and short

54、comings. therefore, the translation can never be like searching seat do the like" seats", the original word for word and sentence for sentencechange into the target language so simple. in order to avoid the occurrence of errors in the original understanding, the translator should not only

55、strive to improve languagetheir culture, and the understanding of the cultural background knowledge of language, the translation should pay special attention to two kinds of different paperthe differences, and strive to translate the same effect. the focus on the practice in the translation process

56、of english and chinese national culture differencethe main method:the alienation method:the translator in the translation process, to help readers understand the foreign culture, should try to retain the original cultural characteristics, amounted to" cultural fax" purpose.example: the zho

57、u xuliang" blade" in a word:" you don ' t want to lose larryaltogether, do you?" she shook her head.translation:" you don't want to lose larry altogether, is that right?" she nodded.in response to a negative question, they focus on the question of whether the co

58、ntent is true, and the chinese people will focus onask language itself is correct. from cultural angle seemed " distortion", the text is clearly" shook his head",the why changed to "nod", the author thinks, these two one translation, we can retain the original culturepu

59、rpose:" you don't want to lose larry altogether? " she shakes her head.therefore, the translator in the translation process, we should consider the cultural connotation, to avoid the destruction of the original" exotic".cases:" i bet you can ' t spell my name, say i.

60、"" i bet you, what you dare i can, says he."" all right," says i," go ahead"" george jaxon - than now," says he. ( mark twain: the adventuresof huckleberry finn, ch, 17)translation: "i bet you don't know my name," i said." i dare say you you can't help me, i know, " he said." well," i said," ni tell us your opinion."" buckwheat buckwheat, autonomous governance, clean clear, ove