高考调研选修八单元卷2

1、单元测试卷(二) 本试卷分第卷(选择题)和第卷(非选择题)两部分，共150分。考试时间120分钟。第卷(选择题，共100分)第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)(略)第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。Ever since they were first put on the market in the early 1990s, gentically modified (GM,转基因) foods have been increasingly developed and marketed in many coun

2、tries in the world, mainly on the basis of their promise to end the worldwide food crisis. But can GM technology solve world hunger problems? Even if it would, is it the best solution?Despite what it promises, GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any corp. In fact, st

3、udies show that the most widely grown GM crop, GM soybeans, has suffered reduced productivity. For instance, a report than analysed nearly two decades of research on major GM food crops shows that GM engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop production.Something else, however, has bee

4、n on the rise. While GM seeds are expensive, GM companies tell farmers that they will make good profits by saving money on pesticides(杀虫剂). On the contrary, US government data show that GM crops in the US have produced an overall increase in pesticide use compared to traditional crops. “The promise

5、was that you could use less chemicals and boost production. But neither is true,” said Bill Christison, President of the US National Farm Coalition.At the same time, the authors of the book World Hunger: Twelve Myths argue that there actually is more than enough food in the world and that the hunger

6、 crisis is not caused by production, but by problems in food distribution and politics. These indeed deserve our efforts and money. Meanwhile, the rise in food prices results from the increased use of crops for fuel rather than food, according to a 2008 World Bank report.As a matter of fact, scienti

7、sts see better ways to feed the world. Another World Bank report concluded that GM crops have little to offer to the challenges of worldwide poverty and hunger, because better ways out are available, among which “green” farming is supposed to be the first choice.21. The author develops the second pa

8、ragraph mainly _.A. by classification B. by comparisonC. by example D. by process22. What does the underlined word “boost” in the third paragraph probably mean?A. Control. B. Evaluate.C. Obtain. D. Increase.23. GM companies promise farmers that they will benefit from _. A. practising “green” farming

9、B. use of less chemicalsC. fair distribution of their cropsD. using more crops for fuel24. Which of the following best describes the attitude of the author towards GM technology?A. Optimistic. B. Defensive.C. Disapproving. D. Casual.答案与解析【文章大意】 转基因食品自20世纪90年代早期上市以来获得较快发展，但转基因技术是不是解决世界饥饿问题最好的方式呢？21.

10、答案 C解析 推理判断题。第二段主要说明转基因技术并未增加世界粮食产量，作者例举了一份报告来证明此论点，根据for instance 也可得知，作者本段采用的写作手法为“举例说明”。22. 答案 D解析 词义猜测题。由上文概括出，转基因公司承诺转基因技术会增加粮食产量，解决世界粮食危机，还可使农民节省买杀虫剂的费用，故boost为“增加”的意思。由第二段. increased the production potential of any crop.也可得知答案。23. 答案 B解析 细节理解题。第三段. GM companies tell farmers that they will mak

11、e good profits by saving money on pesticides.可知，转基因公司告诉农民，他们可以节省买杀虫剂的费用，以此获得更多利润。24. 答案 C解析 推理判断题。作者首先提出问题，然后论证转基因食品无法增加粮食产量，无法减少杀虫剂的使用量，无法解决世界粮食危机。因此，作者对转基因技术的态度是“反对的或不赞成的(disapproving)”。Cloning is suggested as a means of bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed unfortunately. Some parents

12、 can understand that wish, but it must first be recognized that the copy would be a new baby and not the lost child. Here lies the difficulty, for the sad parents are seeking not a new baby but a return of the dead one. Since the original would be fondly remembered as having particular talents and i

13、nterests, would not the parents expect the copy to be the same? It is possible, however, that the copy would develop quite differently. Is it fair to the new child to be placed in a family with such unnatural expectations?Copying is also suggested as a means by which parents can have the child of th

14、eir dreams. Couples might choose to have a copy of a film star, baseball player or scientist, depending on their interests. But because personality is only partly the result of genetic inheritance, conflicts would be sure to arise if the cloned child failed to develop the same interests as the origi

15、nal. What if the copy of Einstein shows no interest in science? Or the baseball player turns to acting? Success also depends on fortune. What if the child does not live up to the hopes and dreams of their parents simply because of bad luck?Every child should be wanted for itself, as a person. In mak

16、ing a copy of oneself or some famous person, a parent is purposely specifying the way he or she wishes that child to develop. In recent years, particularly in the U. S., much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to reproduce in ways that they wish. So I suggest there should be a gr

17、eater need to consider the interests of the child and to reject these suggested uses of cloning.25. The underlined part “the difficulty” in Paragraph 1 refers to _.A. cloning a baby is difficultB. its difficult to give birth to a new babyC. the dead child cant come back againD. the cloned baby cant

18、replace the lost child26. According to the passage, one of the reasons why couples usually decide to clone babies is _.A. to bring back a child killed unfortunatelyB. to exchange their childrenC. to develop the same interests as their childD. to succeed in making fortune27. The underlined sentence “

19、Success also depends on fortune” in Paragraph 2 implies that _.A. the result may be unpredictableB. the child does not live up to the parents hopesC. the cloned child fails to develop the same interest as the originalD. the baseball player turns to acting28. We can NOT conclude that _ according to t

20、he observation made by the author.A. its important to consider the interests of the child rather than the suggested uses of cloningB. parents cant expect to get the lost child back by cloning a new babyC. much importance should be placed on the right of parents to reproduce babies in ways that they

21、wishD. every child should be wanted as a unique individual答案与解析【文章大意】 克隆技术现在得到了很好的应用。能不能克隆孩子呢？本文对这个问题进行了探讨，认为克隆小孩有很多困难，关键是克隆技术再好，也代替不了原来的孩子。25. 答案 D解析 词义猜测题。克隆小孩的困难在于“克隆小孩代替不了死去的小孩”，故选D项。26. 答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第二段夫妻克隆小孩的原因有：bringing back a relative, usually a child, killed unfortunately，故A项正确。27. 答案 A解析

22、 句意理解题。成功还要靠运气，暗示着结果不可预知。28. 答案 C解析 推理判断题。由最后一段. much importance has been placed on the right of individuals to reproduce in ways that they wish可知，答案为C项。Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the ans

23、wer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives

24、 in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a persons intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent

25、something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from the population, it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand w

26、e take two identical twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in di

27、fferent environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays.This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people w

28、ho live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.29. Which of these sentences best describes the writers point in Paragraph 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.

29、C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.30. It is suggested in this passage that _.A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceB. close relations usually have similar intelligenceC. the closer t

30、he blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence31. Brothers and sisters are likely to _. A. have similar intelligenceB. have different intelligence

31、C. go to the same universityD. go to the same factory32. The best title for this article would be _.A. On IntelligenceB. What Intelligence MeansC. We Are Born with IntelligenceD. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence答案与解析【文章大意】 智商与什么有关系呢？本文给出答案：遗传和环境。29. 答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第一段倒数第二句：人的智力是一出

32、生就固定的，但是能否达到那个极限，取决于他所在的环境，所以答案为D项。30. 答案 B解析 细节理解题。从第二段The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. 和Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence d

33、epends on birth.以及最后一段可知B项正确。31. 答案 A解析 细节理解题。从第二段最后一句可知A项正确。32. 答案 A解析 主旨大意题。本文主要是说明人的智商与遗传和环境有关系。The Human Genome Project, a great 3 billion, 15-year task aimed at drawing the genetic map of humans, is now more than 90 percent completed. The scientific and medical communities are very excited abou

34、t the chances genetic research provides for getting rid of diseases and prolonging human life. But those communities and policy makers are also careful about the scientific door they are opening as the project uncovers the secret of life.For the last few years, the genetic advances in the fast-devel

35、oping field of biotechnology have provided material for all kinds of work, but the developments of modern science in unlocking the secrets of the human genetic code have opened a world of possibilities for human health, as well as for the popular imagination.While European and Japanese researchers a

36、re making rapid progress in decoding human DNA, the leading organization for genetic research in the United States, which began in 1990, is “unlocking the code” of the human body to learn how to defeat fatal diseases. Already, the Human Genome Project has become widely known and praised for finding

37、the genes connected with as yet terrible diseases, and making progress toward separating the genes that show a sign of breast cancer or AIDS.Once these genes are found and studied, researchers can develop new ways to attack infections, and genetic diseases. Medical companies are very interested in m

38、apping the human genome, as they expect to develop a lot of new drugs for these illnesses.33. Which country studied the genes most rapidly in the world?A. Japan. B. Germany.C. The United States. D. China.34. The author suggests that the Human Genome Project can cause _.A. the policy makers to feel v

39、ery worried and carefulB. the scientists to defeat the deadly illnessC. many people to find work easilyD. a lot of companies to produce many new drugs35. The best title for the passage is _.A. Unlocking Genetic CodeB. The Genes DiscoveryC. The Great Human GenomeD. The Genes and the Scientists答案与解析【文

40、章大意】 本文是对破解基因密码研究情况的介绍。成功绘制人类基因组图意味着消除疾病，延长人类寿命将成为现实。33. 答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段的the leading organization for genetic research in the United States可知，处于基因研究领域领先地位的国家是美国。34. 答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，人类基因组图的完成有助于医药公司生产出治疗这些疾病的新药物。35. 答案 A解析 主旨大意题。本文是对破解基因密码研究情况的介绍。成功绘制人类基因组图意味着消除疾病，延长人类寿命将成为现实。第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，

41、满分10分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Exploring the CellLike bricks that make up a wall, cells are the basic unit of all living things, from tiny bacteria to giant trees, from small fish to human beings.Before Gregor Mendels experiments, scientists, using microscopes, had explored the world

42、 of the very small. _36_ The instrument had been invented by Zacharius Jansen, of Holland, in 1608, before Hooke was born in 1635.Hooke published a book called Micrographia, which means small drawings. In 1665, he showed that a thin slice of cork(软木塞)was made of “a great many little boxes.” _37_ Oth

43、er scientists joined in to investigate the invisible world that the microscope showed. _38_ He called this center of the nucleus(细胞核).Soon, three German scientists added new findings to the study of cells. In 1838, Matthias Schleiden saw that other plants too are made of cells. A year later, Theodor

44、 Schwann put forward the “cell theory”. _39_ He was convinced that each cell is a living thing, and that complex organisms such as humans are made of many cells, acting as a group. Scientist Card von Siebold went back to basics. He saw that some of the tiniest organisms are made of just a single cel

45、l, which also has a nucleus.With these discoveries, the secrets of the cell were being unlocked. _40_A. He called them cells.B. Schwann thought that animals are also made of cells.C. Hooke was the first person to examine fossils(化石)with a microscope.D. The book contains fascinating drawings of the t

46、hings Hooke saw under the microscope.E. Further research involved cell division, which is the process by which living things grow.F. In 1831, Robert Brown from Scotland discovered that plant cells have a small object inside.G. English physicist Robert Hooke was among the first to use the microscope

47、for serious scientific work.答案 36-40 GAFBE第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In the past, scientists have produced exact genetic copies of sheep and a few other animals. They _41_ these clones from a single cell of an adult animal.Recentl

48、y, a private group of scientists has announced _42_ to make an exact copy of a human being. Doctor Zavos, an American member of the team, says he and _43_ will soon begin to clone humans and they hope to produce the worlds first cloned _44_ within the next two years.Doctor Zavos says the new _45_ gr

49、oup plans to offer human cloning to women unable to become _46_ and produce children. The _47_ would be similar to that used to clone animals. It would _48_ clearing genetic material from a womans egg. Doctors then would _49_ genetic material from the womans husb and into the egg _50_ putting it in

50、the womens uterus(子宫).Doctor Zavos says his _51_ plans to do its work in a country near the Mediterranean Sea, but he did not _52_ the country. He says an Italian reproductive expert, Severino Antinori, is _53_ the team. Doctor Antinori has made _54_ efforts to help many older women become pregnant.

51、 He is known for _55_ pregnancies in women as old as sixty.Many medical experts and other groups _56_ the idea of cloning humans. Several doctors criticized the _57_ by Doctor Zavos. They say doctors do not know if cloning humans is _58_ or safe. They say it would be irresponsible to _59_ to clone a

52、 human being. That is because the _60_ of success are too small and the risks are too great.41. A. bought B. createdC. discovered D. found42. A. plans B. resultsC. successes D. agreements43. A. another B. othersC. the other D. the others44. A. plant B. animalC. bird D. baby45. A. international B. na

53、tionC. American D. Italian46. A. successful B. bornC. pregnant D. fertile47. A. imagination B. technologyC. story D. symbol48. A. involve B. startC. make D. borrow49. A. translate B. placeC. take D. make50. A. after B. whileC. before D. on51. A. country B. groupC. university D. company52. A. call B.

54、 foundC. name D. consider53. A. managing B. runningC. controlling D. leading54. A. high B. totalC. great D. wide55. A. successful B. beautifulC. thankful D. sorrowful56. A. take up B. object toC. put up D. bring down57. A. announcement B. programC. subject D. idea58. A. careful B. interestingC. unab

55、le D. possible59. A. manage B. refuseC. attempt D. hope60. A. facts B. resultsC. sizes D. chances答案与解析【文章大意】 自从有了成功的克隆，有人也设想克隆人，这能否成功呢？人们对此有何看法呢？41. 答案 B解析 discover 与find为“发现”。此处需要create“创造”。42. 答案 A解析 由45空后plans to .可知，此处需用plans to do“做的计划”。43. 答案 D解析 the others“其他人”；其余选项都是形容词。44. 答案 D解析 扎瓦斯医生宣布要克隆人，下文都在围绕这一主题展开。45. 答案 A