时态和被动语态

1、时态吃 am eating 吃 will eat吃 was eating吃 have eaten吃 eat完成时态1. 现在完成时a.强调发生于过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have posted the letter. b.构成：have/has +过去分词（主动语态）-have/has been +过去分词（被动语态）c.用法1）跟以下时间状语连用so far（到目前为止），up till now（直到现在）up to now/presentsince(自从)in/during the past/last +表时间的词all ones lifethese years/weeks/

2、daysThe company (be) _ in the land market since 1990 and it is now taking the lead in the field. 2013年真题Has been注：当现在完成时跟for 引导的一段时间连用时，谓语动词应具有延续性。He has died for two years.He died 2 years ago.He has been dead for 2 years. She has joined the army for 3 years. She joined the army 3 years ago.She has

3、been a soldier for 3 years. 2) It/this is/will be the first/secondtime +句子This is the third time I (visit) _ the Summer Palace.have visited3)It/this is +形容词的最高级+名词+句子This is the most exciting book I (read) _.have read过去完成时概念：过去的过去构成：had+过去分词（主动语态）- had+been过去分词（被动语态）It (be) _ the biggest ship before

4、 1949. had been 用法：1）2）3）4）I (hope) _ to help you, but I did not have time at that time. Had hopedId rather you (buy) _ the book yesterday.Had bought将来完成时概念：在未来某时刻之前完成的动作或存在的状态构成：will/shall have done(主动语态)- will/shall have been done(被动语态)用法：By the time +句子（暗示一个未来的时间），句子（用将来完成时）By the time I get home

5、 this afternoon, my child (finish)will have finished his homework.2）跟“by the end of+未来的时间状语”连用He spends all his spare time collecting stamps. He says that by the end of the next year he _ 3000 pieces.A. will have collectedB. is going to collectC. will be collectingD. is about to collect2012年真题进行时态现在

6、进行时概念： 此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态构成：am/is/are+现在分词（主动语态）- am/is/are+being+过去分词（被动语态）The building (pull down) _ now.is being pulled down过去进行时概念：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态构成：was/were+现在分词（主动语态）was/were+being+过去分词（被动语态）注：可用一个时间状语从句暗示出一个表过去的时间The little boy _ the road when he was hit by a bus.A. was just crossedB.

7、was just crossingC. just crossD. had just crossed 2012年真题When he knocked at the door, I (watch) _ TV.Was watchingThe stone bridge (repair) _ at the moment, so we had to take another way. Was being repairedwas being repaired将来进行时概念：在未来某一时刻正在进行的动作或存在的状态构成：will/shall be +现在分词现在完成进行时概念：发生于过去的动作到现在为止一直在进

8、行或一直进行下去构成：have/has been doing“The baby (cry) _ non-stop for the past hours,” said Emily when he saw the mother came in. 2010年真题has been crying一般时态一般现在时概念：动作发生具有习惯性或经常性，也可表特征、能力或现时的情况或状态主语是第三人称单数肯定句：谓语动词加s或es否定句：does not后加动词原形疑问句：Does +主语+动词原形+?主语非第三人称单数肯定句：谓语动词用原形否定句：do not后加动词原形疑问句：Do +主语+动词原形+?助动

9、词 do/does特殊用法：1）用在普遍真理、事实、格言中。Our teacher said yesterday that the earth is round. 2）在时间和条件状语从句中，如主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。 If it (not rain) _ tomorrow, I will go out. does not rainWhen you _, I know for certain that you will feel much better.A. are waking upB. have been waking upC. wake upD. have waken

10、2011年真题被动语态 am/is/are+过去分词一般过去时概念：发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。构成：肯定句 1）规则动词后加ed/d2）不规则动词的过去式则需特殊记忆。否定句 did not+动词原形疑问句 Did +主语+动词原形+?关于动词后加ed/d的读音问题1) 清辅音后读/t/stopped; liked2) 浊辅音或元音后读/d/lived; played3) t或d后读/id/needed; wanted被动语态 was/were+过去分词一般将来时 概念：发生在未来的动作或存在的状态。构成：will/shall +动词原形（主动语态）；will/shall be+过去分词（

11、被动）四种表达方式：参见书上内容am/is/are going to do与will do的区别过去将来时概念：在过去看来的未来时刻要发生的事或存在的状态。构成：1）would+动词原形 2) was/were going to +动原被动语态：would be +过去分词被动语态要点1各种时态的被动语态的构成（见书上）解题秘诀：分析主谓之间的关系被动谓语动词发生的时间确定是哪个时态的被动语态Ill be going to the park on foot while my car _. 2010年真题A. is repairing B. is being repairedC. will be

12、 repairedD. is to repairedResearch _ all over the world into the possible cause of cancer in the past few years.A. was madeB. had been madeC. is madeD. has been made 2011年真题We (impress) _ by the high quality and fine workmanship of your products when we visited your factory. were impressedThe cell p

13、hone made in America was bought for 1,800 yuan last year. GDP=Gross Domestic Product CPI=Consumer Price IndexCEO=Chief Executive Officer 要点2情态动词的被动语态1）一般式：情态动词+be+过去分词2）完成式：情态动词+have been+过去分词The elephant ought _ hours ago by the keepers. 2012年真题A. to be fed B. to feedC. to being fedD. to have been

14、fedThe (discover) _ of oil made that country become rich overnight. discovery要点3复合宾语的被动结构She made me sweep the floor. （改为被动句）I was made to sweep the floor. I was made (sweep) to sweep the floor.结论：把含有不带的不定式作宾补的句子改为被动句式，原来省略的to应补出。要点4宾语从句的被动结构I hope that you can learn English well. (改为被动句)That you can learn English well is hope