四级翻译讲解

1、 大学英语四级考试中翻译题主要考查语法、核心动词、动词短语和固定搭配。语言的学习是不断积累、循序渐进而不能一蹴而就。想要拿到高分，就要做到知己知彼。本章详细介绍了四级翻译题型分析及解题技巧，希望各位读者认真揣摩，巩固练习，做到考试时胸有成竹。一、题型揭秘在大学英语四级考试中，翻译题所占分值为5%。由5个句子组成，每句话都由一部分汉语和一部分英语构成，要求考生将其中的汉语部分翻译成英语，与所给英语部分构成一个完整的句子。它主要考查下列三方面的内容：（1）语法考点。侧重点是虚拟语气、倒装结构、从句、非谓语动词（动名词、过去分词、独立主格）等。（2）核心动词和动词短语的考查。（3）固定搭配。主要是名

2、词与动词搭配、形容词与名词搭配、动词与副词修饰关系、名词与介词搭配、固定词组及固定表达等。汉译英部分有其详细的评分原则，了解这些评分原则对我们解答试题，取得高分有很大的帮助。（1）整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。（2）结构正确，但整体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。（3）整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。（4）整体意思完全错误，即使结构正确也不得分。（5）大小写错误及标点符号忽略不计。二、解题步骤1. 通读全句，确定语法成分汉译英部分的考查形式决定了在做题时首先要通读全句，因为汉语和英语部分共同构成了一个完整的达意单位，不能将其割裂开来。同时，由于两种语言之间的语法结构相去甚远，

3、考生不应该将汉语部分直接翻译成英语，而是要首先阅读整个句子，确定要求翻译的部分在整个英语句子中的语法成分。例如：_（她目不转睛地看着窗外），she told us that our friend Tom had died in the air crash.【解析】虽然汉语部分是一个完整的主谓句，但我们不能想当然地将其翻译成一个英文的简单句。仔细研究逗号以后的英文部分我们就会发现，这一部分才是句子的主干。由于英文中的逗号没有连接两个分句的功能，而本句逗号后面没有连接词，因此划线部分不是一个句子，而是一个状语成分。由此可知，我们必须使用非谓语结构或独立主格结构。可接受的答案包括：Keeping h

4、er eyes fixed out of the window；Staring out of the window；With her eyes fixed out of the window；Her eyes fixed out of the window等。2. 审查时态，决定表达方式确定语法成分以后，我们要有意识地审查时态，要特别注意句中的时间状语，并对照所给英语部分的时态。此外，还应该根据汉语意思推断出题人想考查的语法或词汇项目，避免将汉语词汇逐个机械地翻译成英语的情况。例如：Since were here _(我们不如四处看看）.【解析】首先通读全句，我们发现Since were he

5、re是一个条件状语从句，意思是“既然我们在这里”，因此划线部分应该是主句，有完整的主谓结构。随后我们开始分析汉语表达，“不如做”的英文表达法是may/ might as well do sth.，与“四处看看”对应的英文短语是look around,而且全句使用的是一般现在时态。因此正确答案是we may as well look around。3. 付诸笔墨，保证拼写无误经过仔细的斟酌以后，真正的翻译工作就变得简单得多，但对很多考生来说单词的拼写是一大难题，因此我们应该在确保关键结构无误的前提下尽量选用自己有把握的单词和短语。例如：By contrast，American parents w

6、ere more likely _(把孩子的成功归因于）natural talent.【解析】通过分析可知，本题考查be likely to do sth.“很可能做”和attribute sth.to sb.another thing“将归因于”的用法，对这两点很熟悉的考生可以不费吹灰之力就做出完美的答案，但正确地写出attribute和success并不是件容易的事。正确答案为to attribute their children's success to。4. 重新审视，确认句法合理在检查的时候，我们应该确认自己翻译的部分与题目给出的英文部分共同构成了一个语法正确、达意清晰的句子

7、。在这一阶段，我们还应该重点检查句首字母的大写、冠词和代词的使用以及主谓一致的问题。总之，做汉译英题目的时候，切忌盲目下笔，我们应该在平日的练习中严格遵循以上四个步骤，有意识地培养良好的翻译习惯。三、考点详解1、虚拟语气虚拟语气是翻译部分的考查重点，因为虚拟语气的形式多样，因此也成为备考翻译题时的难点。虚拟语气的用法主要有以下几点：1）虚拟条件句中，主句与从句中谓语动词的形式可分为下面三类：条件从句主句与现在事实相反的假定一般过去时would/could /should/might + 动词原形与过去事实相反的假定过去完成时would/could/should/might + 动词的现在完成时

8、推测未来不可能实现或实现可能性很小的假定should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形 would/could /should/might + 动词原形2）一些能引起虚拟语气的某些介词、介词短语和连词的用法，如：lest，in case等。in case，lest后面的句子使用虚拟语气，意思为“以防，以免”，虚拟语气的形式为should+动词原形，should不可以省略，但可以不用虚拟语气而改用陈述语气。3）一部分表示建议、主张、命令、紧要等概念的词语，由于本身隐含说话人的主观愿望，其后的主语从句、宾语或同位语从句往往采用“（should)动词原形”的虚拟形式，如：suggest, p

9、ropose, command, order, request, require等。4）一些形容词后面的主语从句中往往采用“（should）动词原形”，这些形容词包括important，essential，necessary，urgent，vital等。88.If she had returned an hour earlier, Mary_ (就不会被大雨淋了).（2009.6）【答案】would not have been caught in the heavy rain。本句考查的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句使用的是过去完成时had returned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加

10、上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用be caught in the rain这一说法。89.Youd better take a sweater with you（以防天气变冷）.（2008.12）【答案】in case /lest it should turn cold。本题考查的是in case和lest后面的句子要使用虚拟语气，其形式是should加动词原形。四、翻译重点句型1）It is+形容词+that【例句】It is conceivable that knowledge plays an important role in our life.【翻译】可想而知，知识在我们的一生中扮演

11、着重要的角色。2）It is+形容词+to do/ doing【例句】She had said what it was necessary to say.【翻译】她已经说了一切有必要说的话。3）祈使句/名词+and/ or【例句】Work hard, and you will finally be able to reach your destination.【翻译】努力工作，你就能实现自己的目标。4）as+many/much+名词+as【例句】It is said that visitors spend only half as much money in a day in Leeds as

12、 in London.【翻译】据说，游客每天在利兹的花销仅为在伦敦的一半。5）倍数词+as+形容词+as【例句】The reservoir is three times as big as it was ten years ago.【翻译】这个水库的面积是十年前三倍。一、四级核心词组：例如have difficulty/trouble (in) doing something(做某事有困难)已经考过三次，需要注意的是，in可以省略，后面要使用动词的动名词形式。1)2006年6月87题：Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble (

13、找到去历史博物馆的路).解析：答案为(in) finding the way to the Museum of History，“历史博物馆”最好译为“the Museum of History”，专有名词注意大小写。2)2009年6月87题：Soon after he transferred to the new school, Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.解析：答案为difficulty in catching up with his classmates，此题也考察了catch up with(跟上)这一四级核

14、心词组。3)2010年6月87题：Because of noise outside, Nancy had great difficulty (集中注意力在实验上).解析：答案为(in) focusing/concentrating on her experiment，此题亦考察focus/concentrate on(集中注意力)这一四级核心词组。二、倒装句：考过三次，需要注意的前半句与后半句时态应前后呼应。1)大纲样题88题：Not only (他向我收费过高), but he didnt do a good repair job either.解析：答案为did he charge me

15、too much/overcharge me，本句后半句使用了一般过去时，前半句也应使用一般过去时，not only放在句首引导倒装句。“收费过多”可译为overcharge me或charge me too much.。2)2008年6月91题： (直到他完成使命)did he realize that he was seriously ill.解析：答案为Not until he had accomplished his mission，此题后半句使用一般过去时，前半句动作发生在后半句之前，应使用过去完成时。Not until放在句首引导倒装句，“完成使命”应译为accomplish th

16、e mission。3)2010年6月88题：The manager never laughed; neither (她也从来没有发过脾气).解析：答案为did she lose her temper，前半句使用一般过去时，后半句也应使用一般过去时。“发脾气”应译为lose ones temper，neither放在句首引导倒装句。三、被动语态：考过六次1)2006年6月91题：Though a skilled worker,(他被公司解雇了)last week because of the economic crisis.解析：答案为he was fired by the company，需

17、要注意的是，本句应使用一般过去时。2)2007年12月91题：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life (是用他们能够借到多少来衡量), not how much they can earn.解析：答案为is measured by how much they can borrow，“用···来衡量”应译为is measuered by;by后面接how much引导的宾语从句。3)2008年6月87题：Our efforts will pay off if the results of th

18、is research (能应用于新技术的开发)解析：答案为can be applied to the development of new technology，“应用于”应译为be applied to。4)2008年12月91题：The anti-virus agent was not known (直到一名医生偶然发现了他).解析：答案为until it was accidently found by a doctor，本句使用被动语态更加地道，“偶然”可译为accidentally或by accident。5)2009年6月91题：The study shows that the p

19、oor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关).解析：答案为closely related to the lack of exercise，“与······密切相关”应译为be closely related to;“缺乏锻炼”译为the lack of exercise。6)2010年6月89题：We look forward to (被邀请出席开幕式).解析：答案为being invited to attend the opening ceremony。本句前半句出现了look f

20、orward to，此处的to为介词，后面应使用动名词形式;“被邀请”应译为be invited to;“出席”应译为attend;“开幕式”译为opening ceremony。四、虚拟语气：考过五次。最常考的考点有两个：一是require或suggest等动词+that引导的建议句型，后面应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略;二是从句使用if引导的过去完成时，主句使用would+现在完成时。1)2006年6月89题：The professor required that(我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.解析：答案为we hand in our research re

21、port (s)。前半句使用requeire+that引导的建议句型，属于虚拟语气的一种。后半句应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。“研究报告”使用单复数均可。2)2006年12月89题：The victim (本来有机会活下来)if he had been taken to hospital in time.解析：答案为would have had a chance to survive/of survival。后半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，前半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。“活下来”可译为to survive 或of survival作后置定语。3)2009

22、年6月88题：If he had returned an hour earlier, Mary (就不会被大雨淋了).解析：答案为wouldnt have been caught by the heavy rain。前半句是条件状语从句，使用了过去完成时，后半句主句应使用would+现在完成时。“大雨”应译为heavy rain。采集者退散4)2009年12月87题：You would not have failed if you (按照我的指令去做).解析：答案为had followed my instructions。前半句主句出现了would+现在完成时，后半句条件状语从句应使用过去完成

23、时。“按照”应译为follow;“指令”译为instruction。5)2010年6月90题：It is suggested that the air conditioner (要安装在窗户旁边).解析：答案为(should) be fixed/installed beside the window。前半句使用了it is suggested that引导的建议句型，属于特殊虚拟语气的一种，后半句应使用should+动词原形。“安装”应译为fix或install;“在窗户旁边”译为beside the window。08年6月1. 被动语态 Our efforts will pay off i

24、f the results of this research can be applied to the development of new technology （ 能应用于新技术的开发）2. 情态动词的用法I cannot boot my computer now. something must be wrong（一定出了毛病）with its operation system.3. 让步状语从句Leaving ones job, no matter what job it is（不管是什么工作），is a difficult change ,even for those who loo

25、k forward to retiring.4. 固定搭配Compared with the place where I grew up（与我成长的地方相比），this town is more prosperous and exciting.5. 倒装Not until he had finished /fulfilled his mission（知道他完成使命），did he realize that he was seriously ill.08年12月1. 定语从句2. 主语从句3. 虚拟语气4. 固定搭配5. 倒装09年6月1. 句型in doing2. 虚拟语气3. 固定搭配4.

26、主语从句5. 固定搭配09年12月1. 虚拟语气2. 固定搭配3. 固定句型it will before4. 固定搭配5. 固定句型the more the more10年6月1. 句型in doing2. 倒装3. 固定搭配4. 虚拟语气5. 名词或动名词短语10年12月1. 固定搭配（动词不定式）2. 固定句式it is said to3. 虚拟语气 but for without4. 主语从句5. Should do 句型Demand require request11年6月1. 倒装2. 虚拟语气3. 固定搭配4. Turn out5. 固定搭配 persuade /talk sb i

27、nto doing sth11年12月1. 固定搭配2. 虚拟语气3. 强调句4. 固定搭配 take into consideration /account5. 句型 it 形式主语12年6月1. 虚拟语气2. 比较级3. 固定搭配Might as well do4短语5. 固定句式it is said to12年12月1. 分词短语结构 伴随2. 强调句3. Nowhere to find4. 固定句式 一就5. 虚拟语气6. 倒装 never 半倒装7. 虚拟语气 otherwise8. 句型in doing9. 句型 the first time 完成时10. 固定搭配11. 倒装 o

28、nly状语 半倒装12. 固定搭配13. 虚拟语气14. 句式 it is time that 过去式15. 条件句固定搭配（15个）让步状语从句1倒装6情态动词的用法 1定语从句1条件句1主语从句3虚拟语气11固定句型10强调句2Should do 句型Demand require requestTurn outNowhere to find1I have had great deal of trouble_.(跟得上班上的其他同学)2_(我们没有人料到主席会出现) at the party. We thought he was still in hospital.3. A good man

29、y proposals were raised by the delegates,_(正如预料的那样).4. Most doctors recognize that medicine is as much_(是一门科学，也是一门艺术).5. Some women _(本来能够挣一份很好的工资) in a job instead of staying home, but they decided not to work for the sale of the family.6Over a third of the population was estimated_(无法获得) to the he

30、alth service.7. Although punctual himself, the professor was quite used_(习惯了学生迟到) his lecture.8. The price of beer_(从50美分到4美元不等) per liter during the summer season.9.Wed like _(预订一张餐桌) five for dinner this evening.10. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means_(想找麻烦

31、).11. It may be necessary to stop_(每隔时间) in the learning process and go back to the difficult points in the lessons.参考答案：1. keeping up with the rest of the class.2. none of us expected the chairman to turn up3. as was to be expected4. an art as it is a science5. could have made a good salary.6. to h

32、ave no access7. to students being late for8. ranges/varies from 50 cents to9. to reserve a table for10. to make trouble11. at intervals12. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _(伤害自己).13.Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was_(忙着准备) her examination.14.

33、The ships generator broke down and the pumps_(不得不用手工操作) instead of mechanically.15. Why didnt you tell me you could me the money? I_ (本来不必从银行借钱的)16By the time you get to New York, I_(已经动身去) London.17. Buying clothes_(是一件很耗时的工作), because those clothes that a person likes are rarely the ones that fit

34、him or her.18. Its time_(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.19. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon_(克服了这种心理).20. Please dont stand in the kitchen, youre_（挡路了）.21There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone _(打扰我) that evening.22._(正是由于她太没有经验

35、) that she does not know how to deal with the situation.参考答案:12. injure himself13. busy preparing for14. had to be operated manually15. neednt have borrowed it from the bank.16. shall have left for17. is often a very time-consuming job18. something was done/some measures were taken19. overcame it/go

36、t over it20. in the way21. had interrupted me22. it is because she is too inexperienced23.When I _(发现他骗我) I stopped buying thins there and started dealing with another shop.24. The manager would rather his daughter_(不在一个办公室内工作).25. The sports meet originally due to be held last Friday_(最终因天气不好而取消了).

37、26I_(将在做实验) from three to five this afternoon.27. How close parents are to their children_ _(有很强的影响) the character of the children.28. But for his help, I _(我不可能这么早完成).29. His remarks left me _(想知道他的真实目的).30. Mark often_(试图逃脱罚款) whenever he breaks traffic regulations.31If this cant be settled reason

38、ably, it may be necessary to_(诉助武力).32. The room is in a terrible mess; it _（肯定没打扫过）.33. Everybody knows he_（受到了冤枉指控）.参考答案:23. caught him cheating me24. did not work in the same office25. was finally called off/cancelled because of the bad weather26. will be doing/conducting the experiment27. has a

39、strong influence on28. would not have finished so early29. wondering about his real purpose30. attempts to escape being fined31. resort to force32. cant have been cleaned33. was wrongly accused/charged34. He wears a pair of sunglasses_（惟恐被别人认出来）.35. She never dreams of _(被派到国外).36. If you wont agree

40、 to our plan,_(他们也不会同意).37. I should say Henry is _(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.38. _(信不信由你), his discovery has created a stir in scientific circles.39. If you dont like to swim, you _(不妨待在家里).40. Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you_(弄脏了新地毯).41Frankly speaking, Id rather you _(不采取任何措施) about it for the time being.42. In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives_(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.43. John seems a nice pers