2020届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之八：定语从句

1、2020 届二轮复习短文语法填空分类解题指导之八：定语从句明备考方向语法填空常考点短文改错常考点写作常用句式1. 关系代词1.引导非限制性定语从句1.As we all know ./Aswho ，该用 which 而误用其他关is known to all .whom,系词 （如 that） ；“众所周知”whose,2. 关系代词 who, whom,2.such .as .which,whose, which, that 的缺“像这样的”that, as 的失；3.the same .as ./the用法；3. 关系代词 who, whomsame as .2. 关系副词的错用；“像一样

2、的”where,4. 先行词是人或物时，关4.one of the 复数名词when, why系代词 who, which 的错定语从句“中的一的用法；用；个”3. “介词5. 关系代词 as 的错用；5.the only one of the 关系代词”6.关系副词和关系代词的复数名词定语从句引导的定语误用；“中唯一的一个”从句。7.人称代词与关系代词的6. 由 which 引导的非限制误用。性定语从句。., which .(which 代替上文整句话，译为“这一点”)攻重点难点分清句子成分，巧辨定语从句中抽象或具体 （人与物 ）（一）寻找先行词，辨别人与物 先行词指人时常用 who, wh

3、om, that ；指物时常用 that,whichI've become good friends with several of the students in my school who/whom/that I met in the English speech contest last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中遇到的同校同学成了好朋友。The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题有可能是伟大发明

4、的灵感。（二）判断所缺成分，选择关系词 当定语从句部分缺少主语、宾语、定语时，要想到分别采用 who（ 指人），whom（ 指人），that（ 指人或物 ），which（ 指物），whose（ 指 人或物 ）；当定语从句部分缺少时间状语、地点状语、原因状语时， 要想到分别采用 when, where, why 。（2018 ·6 月浙江高考 ）Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat

5、out.许多来到中国的西方人一旦意识到在外面吃饭是多么的便宜， 他 们做饭的时间就会大大少于在他们自己国家的次数。The annual campus book fair aims to provide a platform where students can have a chance to exchange and make use of their books.每年一度的校园书展目的是提供一个平台， 在这个平台里学生 有机会交换利用他们的书籍。The reason why most people like traveling is that they can feel the beaut

6、y of the nature and breathe the fresh air at the same time.许多人喜欢旅游是因为他们可以感受大自然的美景， 同时也可以 呼吸新鲜的空气。Our school will hold an activity whose theme is “ Foreigners Tell Chinese Stories” next week.下周，我们学校将举办主题为 “外国人讲中国故事” 的一项活动。(三) 识别特殊定语从句，分清限制性、非限制性定语从句1 先行词 those 后常用 who 引导定语从句。She is warm - hearted, so

7、 it is no surprise/wonder that she always helps thosewho are in trouble.她是一个热心肠的人， 因此她经常帮助那些处于困境中的人们就 不足为奇了。2 as 引导非限制性定语从句。as “正如，正像”，既可位于句首也可位于句末(1) As the old saying goes, . 常言道，(2) As we all know, ./As is known to us all . 众所周知，(3) As is often the case .是常有的事Just as the saying goes ，“One tree do

8、esn't make a forest. ” 正如谚语所言：“独木难成林。” 3“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，如果先行词指人，用 whom 指代人且不能省略，指物用 which 且不能省略。Many traditional arts are losing nowadays, some ofwhichare being replaced by modern products.如今许多传统艺术正在消失，其中一些正被现代产品所取代。4 非限制性定语从句，指人时用 who, 指物时用 which ；牢记 that 不能用于非限制性定语从句。The boy was away from home

9、 for a week,which worriedhis parents very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。5 定语从句中用 that 不用 which 的情况：(1) 当先行词是 all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词或被它们修饰时。(2) 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。(3) 当先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last等修饰时。(4) 当先行词既有人又有物时。The first place that they visited in Guilin was El

10、ephant Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。This is the very book that I want to read.这正是我想读的书。练高频题点.语法填空题点全练1 （2019 ·全国卷 ）Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield， which she openedwith her late husband Les.2 （2018 ·全国卷 ）Two of the authors of the review also m

11、ade a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.3 （2019 ·江苏高考改编 ）We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true.4 （2018 ·天津高考改编 ）Kate, whose sister I s

12、hared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.5 （2018 ·江苏高考改编 ）Self -driving is an area where China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.6 （2019 ·天津高考改编 ）Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not full sentences.7 （2

13、019 · 山 西 五 地 市 高 三 联 考 ）Among them is one community in Florida where local people and government officials are proving successful in protecting coastal cities from the dangers of rising sea levels.8 （2019 ·青岛质量检测 ）There are many reasons why college and university students often fail to ge

14、t a full night's of sleep.9 （2019 ·临川一中等九校联考 ）Meanwhile, China will host the second Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation in April. At this event, the Belt and Road Initiative, which has huge potential to drive economic growth, will take greater shape. .短文改错题点全练1 （2019 ·全国卷

15、 ）I became interested in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.where when2 （2019 ·全国卷 ）In the cafe ， customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.what that/which3

16、 （2018 ·全国卷 ）They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.which where 或 which 前加 in4 （2017 ·全国卷 ）In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their ho

17、use.that which5 （2017 ·全国卷 ）Around me in the picture are thethings they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.they that/which6 （2019 ·临川一中等九校联考 ）We'll climb HuangshanMountain in the morning, on which top we'll have a picnic atthe noon.wh

18、ichwhose7 （2019·甘肃第一次诊断 ）What's more, this event canattract morevisitors to our city, where will improve ourtourism.wherewhich8 The number of smokers, which is reported, has dropped by 17% in just one year.whichas 课堂应用体验 .完成句子并改写成定语从句1 你可以寻找和你有相同兴趣的人，你可能会和他们相处得很 好。You can look for people wi

19、th thesame interest as you.You are_likely_to_get_along_with them. You can look for people with the same interest as you, who/whom_you_are_likely_to_get_along_with 2 第二，你会交到一些好朋友，他们也很喜欢打乒乓球。Secondly, you'll make some good friends and they_are_also_interested_in_playing_ table_tennis Secondly, you

20、'll make some good friends that/who_are_also_interested_in_playing_table_tennis一个小momentmoment3 这幅照片为我们展示了一个动人的时刻，在这一刻， 女孩来问候正在工作中的妈妈。The picture shows us a touching when_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_herworking_mom The picture shows us a touching at_which_a_little_girl_comes_to_greet_herworking_

21、mom （用“介词关系代词”改写 ）4 人们也可以选择在一个团队中工作，在团队中他们可以向彼 此学习。People may also choose to work in a team, where_they_can_learn_from_each_other People may also choose to work in a team, in_which_they_can_learn_from_each_other （用“介词关系代词”改写 ）5 与动物照相对它们有坏的影响，这种行为打扰它们的休息。Taking pictures with animals has a bad effect

22、on the animals. It_greatly_disturbs_their_rest Taking pictures with animals has a bad effect on theanimals, which_greatly_disturbs_theirrest （用定语从句改写 ） .语法填空(2019 ·黑龙江省六校协作体一模 )If you are making repairson your home, you could take the opportunity to add some energy - saving _1_ (measure) at the

23、 same time. This is often the best way _2_ (save) energy in a cost-effective way. Youneed to look at the building _3_ a whole to make the most suitable improvements, taking account of the following：The first step is to assess where and how energy _4_ (consume) currently in the building, including ho

24、w and when rooms are heated. Next is your home's construction and condition. It's important to fix anything _5_ might affect your home's heating performance, such as badly fitting windows or damp walls. Lastly, understanding _6_ (exact) what is significant about the character of an older

25、 building is a key to _7_ (improve) its energy efficiency. Speak to your local authority conservation officer when making changes to a building in a conservation area.Following these steps _8_ (assist) you in assessing what work might be needed in _9_ short or long term, allowing you to focus on tho

26、se areas that need the most attention and will give a _10_ (reason) return.语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文。 作者主要介绍了如何改造旧房子 以节省能源。1 measures 考查名词的单复数。根据句中的“ some ”和下 文介绍的多种措施以及“ measure ”为可数名词可知，此处用 measure 的复数形式。2 to save 考查非谓语动词。 way 后的定语有三种形式： to do, of doing 和定语从句。 根据做题要求可知， 此处可用不定式结构作后 置定语。3 as 考查介词。此处表示把建筑作为一个整

27、体看待，故用介 词 as “作为”构成固定搭配 as a whole “作为一个整体” 。4 is consumed/is being consumed考查时态和语态。根据语境和下文的“ currently ”“ including how and when rooms are heated ”可知此处可用一般现在时， 也可以用现在进行时； 此外， consume “消耗”与主语 energy 是被动关系，因此用被动语态。5 that 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从 句，从句修饰不定代词 anything ，且空处在从句中作主语，故只能 用 that 。6 exactly 考 查 副 词 。 空 处 修 饰 作 主 语 的 动 名 词 understanding ，应该用 exact 的副词形式 exactly “准确地，确切 地”。7 improving 考查非谓语动词。本空解题关键在于对空前的to 的理解，如果考生知道名词 key “关键”与介词 to 搭配，那么就 知道本题应填 improving 。反之，考生如果误以为 to 是不定式符号， 就会误填 improve 。8 will assist 考查时态。分析句子结构可知，该空的谓语和 “will give ”为“ and ”连接的并列谓语，因此此处用一般将来时。9 the 考查冠词。“