永磁直流电机电磁设计算例

1、永永磁磁直直流流电电机机电电磁磁计计算算程程序序和和算算例例: :手工输入公式计算，不可改关键判定，提示说明数据引用序序号号 名名称称符符号号或或算算式式一一额额定定数数据据1 额定功率PN2 额定电压UN额定转速n N额定电流IN额定转矩TN=9.549*PN/nN起动转矩倍数TstN二二主主要要尺尺寸寸及及永永磁磁体体尺尺寸寸选选择择额定效率N =PN/(UN*IN*COS)*100计算功率P=(1+2/100)/(3N/100)*PN感应电势Ea=(1+(2N/100)/3)*UN极对数p永磁材料类型预计永磁体工作温度t永磁体剩磁密度Bt20 工作时永磁体剩磁密度Br =(1-(t-20

2、)*Br/100)*(1-IL/100)*Bt20剩磁温度系数Br剩磁温度不可逆损失率IL永磁体计算矫顽力Hc20工作时永磁体计算矫顽力Hc=(1-(t-20)*Br/100)*(1-IL/100)*Hc20永磁体相对回复磁导率r=Br/(0*Hc)/1000真空磁导率0=4*PI*10-7工作温度下退磁曲线的拐点bk电枢铁心材料铁芯叠加系数KFe电负荷预估值A气隙磁密预估值B=(0.60-0.85)Br =0.8Br计算极弧系数i=0.6-0.75长径比预估值=0.6-1.5电枢直径Da=(6.1*P*104/*A*B*nN*)1/3电枢直径圆整电枢长度La=Da电枢长度圆整极距=PI*Da

3、/(2p)气隙长度永磁体结构型式极弧系数P, P=I磁瓦圆心角P, P=P*180永磁体厚度hM永磁体轴向长度LM, LM=LaLM, LM=(1.1-1.2)La电枢计算长度Lef,Lef=La+2Lef,Lef=La+La(hM+)La=(0.45-0.5)(LM-La)/(hM+)永磁体内径Dmi=Da+2永磁体外径Dmo=Dmi+2hM电枢圆周速度Va=pi*Da*nN/6000机座材料-机座长度Lj=(2.0-3.0)La, 取Lj=2.8La机座厚度hj=*i*Lef*B/(2*Lj*Bj)机座厚度圆整计算机座轭磁密Bj, Bj=(1.5-1.8)T漏磁系数, =(1.11.3)机

4、座外径Dj=Dmo+2hj三三电电枢枢冲冲片片及及电电枢枢绕绕组组计计算算绕组型式绕组并联支路对数a, a=p槽数Q槽距t2=pi*Da/Q预计满载气隙磁通=*Lef*B*10-4预计导体总数N=60*a*Ea/(p*nN)每槽导体数NS=N/Q每槽元件数u每元件匝数WS=NS/(2*u)每元件匝数圆整为Ws实际每槽导体数Ns=2*u*Ws实际导体总数N=Q*Ns换向片数K=u*Q实际电负荷A=N*IN/(2*pi*a*Da)支路电流Ia=IN/(2*a)预计电枢电流密度j2=5-13预计导线截面积ACua=Ia/j2并绕根数Nt计算导线裸线线径d0=(4ACua/PI)1/2导线裸线线径d0

5、导线绝缘后线径d实际导线截面积ACUa=PI*Nt*d02/4实际电枢电流密度j2=Ia/ACUa实际热负荷=AJ2槽形选择槽口宽度b02槽口高度h02槽下度半径r22槽上部倒角半径r23槽上部高度h2, h2=r23槽上部宽度d1槽中部高度h22槽下部宽度d2槽下部倒角圆心距d3槽高ht2齿宽bt2, 近似取平行齿槽净面积As=PI*(r222+r232)/2+h22(d1+2r22)+r23*d3-Ci(PI*r22+2*h22+d1)槽绝缘厚度Ci槽满率Sf=Nt*Ns*d2/As线圆平均半匝长度Lav=La+Ke*Da, Ke=(1.35,p=1)电枢绕组电阻Ra=*N*Lav/(4*

6、Acua*a2)Ra20(a20=0.1785*10-3.mm2/cm)Ra75(a75=0.217*10-3.mm3/cm)转子冲片内径Di2, Di2=(0.15-0.25)Da转子冲片内径圆整电枢轭高hJ2=(Da-2*ht2-Di2)/2电枢轭有效高hj21=hj2+Di2/8四四磁磁路路计计算算气隙系数K, K=(1.01-1.1)气隙磁通密度B=*104/(*Lef)每对极气隙磁位差F=1.6*K*B*104电枢齿磁通密度Bt2=t2*Lef*B/(bt2*La*Kfe)电枢齿磁场强度Ht2 (查磁化曲线图表)电枢齿磁位差Ft2=2*ht2*Ht2电枢轭磁通密度Bj2=*104/(

7、hj21*La*Kfe)电枢轭磁场强度Hj2 (查磁化曲线图表)电枢轭磁位差Fj2=Lj2*Hj2电枢轭部磁路平均计算长度Lj2=PI*(Dj2+hj2)/2p定子轭磁通密度Bj=*104/(2*hj*Lj)定子轭磁场强度Hj1, Hj1(查磁化曲线图表)定子轭磁位差Fj1=Lj1*Hj1定子轭部磁路平均计算长度Lj1=PI*(Dj-hj)/2p外磁路总磁位差F=F+Ft2+Fj2+Fj1五五负负载载工工作作点点计计算算气隙主磁导=/F磁导基值-主磁导标么值-外磁路总磁导-直轴电枢去磁磁动势-永磁体负载工作点-实际气隙磁通六六换换向向计计算算电刷尺寸, 电刷长Lb电刷尺寸, 电刷宽bb电刷尺寸

8、, 电刷对数pb电刷面积Ab=Lb*bb每杆电刷数Nb电刷电流密度Jb=IN/(Nb*pb*Lb*bb)换向器长度Lk一对电刷接触压降Ub换向器直径DK, DK=(0.5-0.9)Da换向器圆周速度Vk=PI*DK*nN/6000换向器片距Tk=PI*DK/K换向元件电抗电动势-换向元件交轴电枢反应电动势-换向元件中合成电动势-换向区宽度-换向区宽度检查-七七最最大大去去磁磁校校核核不同工况时的最大瞬时电流 突然起动时Imax=(UN-Ub)/Ra20 瞬间堵转时Imax=(UN-Ub)/Ra75 突然停转时Imax=(Ea-Ub)/Ra75 突然反转时Imax=(UN+Ea-Ub)/Ra75

9、直轴电枢磁动势-交轴电枢磁动势-换向元件电枢磁动势-电枢总去磁磁动势-电大去磁时永磁体工作点-可逆退磁校核八八工工作作特特性性电枢绕组铜耗Pcua=IN2*Ra75电刷接触电阻损耗pb=IN*Ub电枢铁损耗PFe=k*p10/50(f/50)1.3*(mt2*Bt22+mj2*Bj22)k=2-3铁损系数p10/50, 查铁损手则f=p*nN/60电枢齿质量mt2=7.84*Kfe*La*(PI/4*(Da2-(Da-2*ht2)2)-Q*As)*10-3电枢轭质量mj2=7.84*Kfe*La*PI/4*(Da-2*ht2)2-Dt22)*10-3电刷对换向器的磨擦损耗pKbm=2*pb*A

10、b*pS*Vk电刷单位面积压力Ps=2-6N/cm2(或=200-600g/cm2)电刷摩擦系数, =0.2-0.3轴承磨擦和电枢对空气磨擦损耗pBf+pWf0.04PN总机械损耗ptW=pKbm+pBf+pWf总损耗P=Pcua+Pb+Pfe+PtW输入功率P1=PN+P效率=PN/P1*100电流校核IN=P1/UN实际感应电动势Ea=UN-Ub-IN*Ra75满载实际转速n=60*Ea/p*N起动电流Ist=(UN-Ub)/Ra20起动电流倍数Ist/IN起动转矩Tst=p*N*Ist/(2*PI*a)起动转矩倍数Tst/TN单单位位算算例例W75.00V230.00rpm3,900.0

11、0A0.58N.m0.1628321224.5%66.14339889W87.79666667V178.086545 1铁氧体40T0.395T0.3792%K-10.2%0KA/M290KA/M278.41.0839000431.25664E-060.15DR510-500.97A/cm70T0.30336 0.7 0.630.629770992永永磁磁直直流流电电机机电电磁磁计计算算程程序序和和算算例例: :cm5.264543122 cm5.24 OK cm3.3012cm3.3 OK cm8.230972752 cm0.08瓦片形0.72()129.60.85cm3.3 钕铁硼cm3.

12、96 铁氧体cm3.46 钕铁硼cm3.6168 铁氧体0.340645161cm5.4cm7.1m/s10.70026458mm9.242.803030303cm0.259340811 cm0.25 OKT1.61.2137.6 单叠116cm1.028871594Wb0.0006321674333.968375270.87302341135.4365117 135135422.573964527043201676.102791110.29A/mm70.04142857110.229670406mm0.23 OKmm0.25 漆膜厚度0.01mmmm0.0415475636.97995213

13、6531.1938393半梨形槽cm0.27cm0.115cm0.2cm0.1cm0.1cm0.6950.694441291cm0.7230.723cm0.4cm0.495cm1.138cm0.249441291cm0.46018799cm0.023%36.66979661cm10.3741148.13518732 58.51728654mm0.786 mm0.8 OKmm1.082mm1.182 1.089T0.269372444 A375.4836378 T1.255407786 A/cm65A147.94 T0.835408457A/cm21 A62.08101243 cm2.956238687T1.659781192 A/cm36A415.6327081 cm11.5453531001.1373586.31449E-070.000630.000632167cm0.6cm0.53 1cm0.3181A/cm21.823899371cm1.4V2.5cm3.2 m/s6.5345127190.628318531 4.7262722493.8877400763.000592737289.82188319.685215191