新视界大学英语4Unit3

1、 talking pointtalking pointwarming uwarming up pskimmingskimmingdiggingdiggingcritical thinkingcritical thinkinglanguage in uselanguage in useunfamiliar wordsunfamiliar wordsinterpretinginterpretingwatch a video clip about the tailor of the film coco before chanel.warming upwarming up listen and und

2、erline any words or expressions which are different from what you hear. our next model is coming down the catwalk now. now you have to remember that all of the models designed their own clothes, they are all first-year students of the college, all of them are doing the course in fashion design, and

3、they come from all over the world. this is margot manfort, whos 21 years old and comes from belgium. as you can see, margot is wearing a long light green dress, which contrasts neatly with the red bag and her blonde hair. its a strong, sensuous design. our next model is coming down the catwalk now.

4、now you have to remember that all of the models designed their own clothes, they are all first-year students of the college, all of them are doing the course in fashion design, and they come from all over the world. this is margot manfort, whos 21 years old and comes from belgium. as you can see, ma

5、rgot is wearing a long light green dress, which contrasts neatly with the red bag and her blonde hair. its a strong, sensuous design. warming upi suspect she was inspired by pictures of the french court in the 16th century theres certainly something very, how can i put it, historical about the desig

6、n. but those glasses bring her right into the 21st century. i really like what shes done.i suspect she was inspired by pictures of the french court in the 16th century theres certainly something very, how can i put it, historical about the design. but those glasses bring her right into the 21st cent

7、ury. i really like what shes done.warming upnow listen again and correct the information.answer:first year third yearbelgium franceneatly nicelystrong soft16th 17thwarming up work in pairs. look at the photos and discuss the questions. 1 which style do you like most, and why?2 which style do you lik

8、e least, and why?3 would you like to be a fashion model? why / why not?warming up look at the title of the passage and answer the questions.1 which fashion items do you think the passage will focus on? bikinis hats jackets jeans shoes skirts socks ties2 which aspects of the items do you expect the d

9、escriptions to concentrate on? appearance colour comfort cost length materialnow read the passage and check your answers.skimmingbrowse the passage within 8 minutes to get a rough idea about it.answer the questions of activity 2 and 3 on page 49.tasktaskskimming choose the best answer to the questio

10、ns.1 what happened on the fashion scene in the 1950s? (a) blue jeans arrived in europe and asia. (b) american youth started wearing jeans. (c) the french started to manufacture jeans. (d) american women started to wear trousers.2 what do women want to do during an economic boom? (a) show less of the

11、ir legs. (b) show more of their legs. (c) buy short skirts. (d) sell their shares.(a)(b)skimming3 what did tights help to promote in the 1960s? (a) the french fashion industry. (b) stockings. (c) the miniskirt. (d) the beatles.4 what was popular in the mid-1980s? (a) clean shaven faces. (b) long hai

12、r. (c) denim jeans and jackets. (d) short skirts.(c)(c)skimming5 what was fashionable in the 1990s? (a) designer jeans. (b) dyed hair and trainers. (c) tight jeans and short hair. (d) clothes with bright colours.6 what happened in the fall of 2007? (a) hemlines anticipated a global crisis. (b) women

13、s skirts got shorter. (c) there was a crisis on the stock market. (d) designers began to lose touch with reality.(b)(a)skimming match the pictures with the extracts from the passage.(a) power dressing was characterized by smart executive suits and, for the newlyempoweredwomen, shoulder pads and knee

14、-length skirts.(b) perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt .(c) so the late 1980s in the us saw the rise of the more skimminganswer:1 (d) 2 (e) 3(a) 4(b) 5(c)skimmingnow number the pictures in chronological order.answer:the pictures are in the chronological o

15、rder of 4, 1, 3, 5, 2fifty years of fashion译文译文digging1 no history of fashion in the years 1960 to 2010 can overlook or underestimate two constant factors: jeans and the rise and fall of hemlines for womens skirts and dresses.digging2 denim, the textile which jeans are made of, was known in france i

16、n the late 16th century, but it was levi strauss who saw that mine workers in the californian gold rush in the mid-19th century needed strong trousers, which he reinforced with metal pins. blue denim jeans remained popular in the us as work clothes until the 1950s, but then became associated with yo

17、uth, new ideas, resistance to authority and independent thinking.译文译文diggingwhen levi strauss & co began to export blue jeans to europe and asia in the late 1950s, they were bought and worn with huge enthusiasm by a large proportion of young people and recognized as a symbol of the young, inform

18、al american way of life.译文译文digging3 hemlines have a more peculiar significance during this period. there is consensus among fashion editors that there is a precise relation, with only a few exceptions, between the length of womens skirts and the economy. as the stock market rises, so do hemlines, a

19、nd conversely, when it falls, so do they. exactly why women should want to expose or conceal bare legs during periods of economic boom and bust remains a mystery. but the general trend is clear. whenever the economic outlook is troublesome, the convention is for both men and women to wear more conse

20、rvative clothes. 译文译文digging4 perhaps the most important development in fashion in the 1960s was the miniskirt, invented by the british designer mary quant. because quant worked in the heart of swinging london, the miniskirt developed into a major international fashion. it attracted greater respect

21、when the great french designer, courrges, imported it into his range of clothes and developed it into an item of high fashion. but it would not have achieved such international currency without the development of tights, instead of stockings, because the rise in hemlines meant the stocking tops woul

22、d be visible.译文译文digging5 the hippie movement of the mid-1960s andearly 1970s influenced the design of jeans, withthe trouser leg developing a “bell-bottom” style.by the mid-1970s, as the economy grew worse,hemlines descended to midi or medium (mid-calf)length and maxi (ankle length), while jeans we

23、reno longer limited to blue.译文译文digging6 jeans remained fashionable during the periodof punk, usually worn ripped, often with badges,chains and belts with metal ornaments, and piercedears and noses. the look lasted for several years,although became more and more restricted to smallgroups of inner-ci

24、ty young people, and had littleinfluence on other age groups.译文译文digging7 as a reaction to punk, the new romantics wasa fashion movement which occurred in britishclubs. it was eye-catching and featured fancy shirtsand blouses. jeans were definitely not acceptable.译文译文digging8 the mid-1980s saw the r

25、ise of a number of different styles. power dressing was characterized by smart executive suits and, for the newlyempowered women, shoulder pads and kneelength skirts. not surprisingly, the economy wasnt stable, and people took less risks in what they wore. for men, the miami vice style, named after

26、the television series, made use of smart t-shirts under designer jackets, and three or four days of beard growth. but as always, denim remained popular with the young. in particular, heavy metal music fans wore ripped jeans and denim jackets.译文译文digging9 gradually hemlines started to rise again . un

27、til the world stock market crash in 1987. so the late 1980s in the us saw the rise of the more conservative style called preppy style, with classic clothes by ralph lauren and brooks brothers for men, button-down shirts, casual trousers and shoes, with a sweater tied in a loose knot around the neck.

28、 they also wore jeans, but either brandnew or clean and smartly pressed not at all what levi strauss originally intended. digging10 as the world economies bounced back againin the 1990s, fashion for young people becamemore daring. boots and converse or nike trainersremained popular, but the most com

29、mon coloursbecame olive green and oatmeal. hair was wornlong, or cut short and dyed blue, green or red.hoodies, baseball caps and loose jeans, whichwere often fastened low below the backside, werecommon on the streets.digging11 then in january 2000 the new york technology stock market collapsed. as

30、usual, so did hemlines, which were described by one commentator as “the prim and proper look is in. skirts should be below the knee.” but merely one year later, the stock market began to rally, and the miniskirt returned. lower limbs were more exposed than they had been for many years.digging12 duri

31、ng this period, it was unusual to wear formal clothes unless you were at work. designer jeans gained huge popularity. these were made of the traditional denim, perhaps with extra stretch fibre added, but cut and marketed under well-known brands such as armani, hugo boss and moschino, who until recen

32、tly had only concerned themselves with the smartest fashion lines. narrow jeans also became popular in britain and most of europe. skirt length is uncertain, ranging from micro to “sensible” knee-length or just below. digging13 sometimes hemlines can even predict a change in the mood of the stock ma

33、rket long before it actually happens. in september 2007, at the new york fashion shows, which were displaying their styles for spring 2008, the trend was for much longer dresses and skirts, many to midcalf or even down to the ankles. some people felt this showed that the hemline indicator was no lon

34、ger reliable, and that designers no longer dictated what people would wear. diggingduring the london and new york fashion shows in september 2008, hemlines continued to drop. but sure enough, in the fall of 2008, the stock market indexes crashed when the banking crisis hit the us, europe and then th

35、e rest of the world. hemlines were no longer following the stock market they were showing the way and indicating future economic trends.digging14 during the whole period, fashion styles haveranged widely, and have usually been sparkedoff by a desire to identify people as belonging toa particular sub

36、-culture. but the constant factorsover this period are denim and hemlines andthe greatest influences have been a 19th-centurycalifornian clothes manufacturer and a youngdesigner in the swinging london of the 1960s. main idea of the text1. as a symbol of the young, informal american way of life. (lin

37、e 14, para 2)the word “young” is used in the sense that the us has only a short history.difficult sentences difficult sentences 2. whenever the economic outlook is troublesome (line 10, para 3) the economic outlook is troublesome: the economy is unstable, that is, the economy has problems and is lik

38、ely to change suddenly, making people uncertain about what may happen in the future.difficult sentences 3. it attracted greater respect when the great french designer, courreges, imported it into his range of clothes and developed it into an item of high fashion. (line 6, para 4)there are different

39、levels of fashion, eg street fashion arising usually in cities, ordinary fashion such as is worn by most people and found in markets, and high fashion worn by stars and the rich. the miniskirt became an item of ordinary fashion in britain, but when courreges added it to his collection of clothes it

40、became part of international high fashion, worn by the elite.difficult sentences 4. made use of smart t-shirts under designer jackets (line 8, para 8)designer jackets: designer clothes in general are those with a famous label. you can buy ordinary jeans in the market or choose armani ones.difficult

41、sentences 5. they also wore jeans, but either brand-new or clean and smartly pressed not at all what levi strauss originally intended. (line 8, para 9)although the preppy look insisted on smart clothes, it did not lead to people avoiding denim jeans (as with the new romantics). but jeans changed fro

42、m very casual articles of clothes into elegant items of clothing, and had to be carefully ironed, quite the opposite of the very casual workman-like blue denim jeans of the 1950s.difficult sentences 6. which were described by one commentator as “the prim and proper look is in” (line 3, para 11)a fas

43、hion is “in” when it is a new or current style, or “out” when it is out-of-date.difficult sentences during the whole period, there has been a wide range of different fashion styles, which have been usually started by peoples wish to show their identity to make them distinct from the rest of society.

44、7. during the whole period, fashion styles have ranged widely, and have usually been sparked off by a desire to identify people as belonging to a particular sub-culture. (line 1, para 14)textile 释义释义n. c woven or knitted cloth 纺织品；织物例句例句their main exports are textiles, especially silk and cotton. 他们

45、的主要出口商品是纺织品，尤其是丝绸和棉布。翻译翻译wordswords例句例句printed textiles印花织物翻译翻译释义释义1vt. sing, u opposition to someone or something, especially a political or military opponent （尤指政治或军事上的）抵抗，反对wordswords例句例句after a stubborn resistance the enemy was fought off at last. 敌人负隅顽抗，最后被击退了。 翻译翻译例句例句our troops encountered on

46、ly token resistance. 我们的部队仅受到象征性的抵抗。 翻译翻译resistance释义释义2n. sing, u ( to) the ability not to be affected or harmed by something, especially a disease or drug （尤指对疾病或药物的）抵抗力wordswords例句例句poor diet lowers resistance to illness. 饮食太差会削弱对于疾病的抵抗力。 翻译翻译例句例句this disease is surprisingly difficult to catch as

47、 most people have a natural resistance to it. 由于多数人对这种病具有天然免疫力，所以发病率低得出奇。翻译翻译resistance释义释义1n. c a quantity of something that is a part or share of the whole 部分；份儿wordswords例句例句people spend a large proportion of their income on housing. 人们收入的很大一部分都用在了住房上。 翻译翻译例句例句the proportion of residents receivin

48、g welfare has dropped. 享受福利的居民的比例有所下降。 翻译翻译proportion 释义释义2n. u the correct, most useful, or most attractive relationship between things （比例）均衡，协调，匀称wordswords例句例句womens bodies tend to have a higher proportion of fat to water.女性的身体内脂肪与水分的比例往往更高。翻译翻译例句例句the porch is out of proportion with the rest of

49、 the house. 门廊和房子的其他部分不成比例。 翻译翻译proportion 释义释义n. sing, u agreement among all the people involved 一致同意例句例句it will be difficult to reach any sort of consensus on this issue. 在这个问题上将很难达成一致意见。 翻译翻译wordswords例句例句翻译翻译all good decisions are made by consensus. 所有英明的决定都是经过一致同意作出的。 consensus 释义释义1vt. to allo

50、w something that is usually covered or hidden to be seen 使显露；使露出例子例子翻译翻译wordswords例句例句dont expose the liquid medicine to the sunlight. 翻译翻译不要把药水暴露于阳光下。lowered sea levels exposed the shallow continental shelf.海平面下降使浅层大陆架暴露出来。expose is it advisable to expose our body to the sunlight? (jun. 1990, cet4,

51、 vocabulary and structure )真题真题释义释义2n. to fail to protect someone or something from something harmful or dangerous 使暴露于（有害或危险环境中）；使无保护例句例句why do we still sunbathe when we know the dangers of exposing our skin to the sun? 我们明白让皮肤暴露于阳光下的危险，可为什么还要进行日光浴呢？ 翻译翻译wordswords例句例句翻译翻译a wise mother never expose

52、s her children to the slightest possibility of danger.明智的母亲决不会让她的孩子置身于一丁点儿危险之中。expose 释义释义1a. a part of your body that is bare is not covered by any clothes 赤裸的例句例句the stone floor felt like ice to her bare feet. 她光着脚感到石头地板冰凉刺骨。 翻译翻译wordswords例句例句he pattered along the corridor in his bare feet. 他赤着脚吧

53、嗒吧嗒地走过走廊。 翻译翻译bare 释义释义2a. containing nothing 空的例句例句his fridge was bare apart from three very withered tomatoes.除了三个蔫巴巴的西红柿，他的冰箱里什么也没有。翻译翻译wordswords例句例句he led me through to a bareinterviewing room. 他把我带到了一间空荡荡的面试室。翻译翻译bare 释义释义n. c, u a sudden major increase in trade, profits etc in a particular co

54、untry or region ( 贸易、利润等的)激增，暴涨例句例句he made a lot of money during the property boom. 在房地产生意兴隆期间他发了大财。翻译翻译wordswordsboom 例句例句how long can the present business boom last?目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久？ 翻译翻译boom and bust释义释义a. causing problems or difficulties, especially in an annoying way 引起麻烦的；（尤指）令人讨厌的例句例句she needs s

55、urgery to cure a troublesome back injury. 她需要动手术医治棘手的背痛。 翻译翻译wordswords例句例句parents need to have more patience when educating troublesome child.翻译翻译家长在教育爱惹事的孩子时需要更多的耐心。 troublesome avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. (jan. 1990, cet4, reading comprehens

56、ion)真题真题释义释义vi. (fml) to become lower 下斜；降低例句例句be careful when you descend from the ladder.从梯子上下来时一定要小心。翻译翻译wordswords例句例句in the vast shadow of night the coolness and the dews descend. 在这苍茫的夜色中，寒气与露水降下来了。 翻译翻译descend 释义释义1vt. if you have a part of your body pierced, you have a small hole made in it

57、（在身体某部位）扎眼，穿孔（以佩戴珠宝）例句例句翻译翻译wordswordshe strives hard to keep himself very fit.他努力地保持身体健康。 例句例句翻译翻译the film studio is striving to improve its public image. 该电影制片厂正在努力改善其公众形象。 pierce 释义释义2vt. if a sharp object pierces something, it makes a hole in it 刺穿；刺破例句例句翻译翻译wordswordssomeone came up and asked h

58、im: if you hold up your spear to pierce through your shield, what will happen? 有人就问他说：“如果用你的矛来刺你的盾，会怎么样呢?” 例句例句翻译翻译one bullet pierced the left side of his chest.一颗子弹射入他的左胸。 pierce 释义释义1a. (only before noun) designed for rich or important people 专为有钱人或要人设计的例句例句翻译翻译wordswordssome airline companies pro

59、vide executive plane for the rich and influential.有些航空公司为权贵人生提供专用飞机。executive 释义释义2n. c a senior manager in a business or other organization （企业或其他组织的）行政主管；经历例句例句翻译翻译wordswordsthe chief executive should be experienced in business administration. 总经理应有企业管理经验。 例句例句翻译翻译the retired executive consults fo

60、r several large companies. 那位退休的总裁在好几家大公司当顾问。 executive 释义释义例句例句翻译翻译wordswords我们希望创立一个更为安全、稳定、和平与平等的国际秩序。 we hope to usher in a more secure, stable, peaceful and equitable world order. commodity sales on domestic market were stable. 例句例句翻译翻译国内市场商品销售平稳增长。 a. not changing frequently and not likely to sudd