初中词组与词汇语法总汇

1、 初中词组与词汇语法总汇1、 词组go to the movies 去看电影 look after=take care of 照顾 surf the internet 上网 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式 go skate boarding 去划板 once a month 一月一次keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康 eating habits 饮食习惯 take more exercise 做更多的运动 the same as 与什么相同 be different from 不同 twice a week 一周两次 make a differen

2、ce to 对什么有影响 how often 多久一次 although=though虽然 as for 至于activity survey活动调查 do homework做家庭作业 do housework做家务事 eat less meat 吃更少的肉 junk food垃圾食物 be good for 对什么有益 be bad for对什么有害 want to do sth 想做某事 want sb to do sth想某人做某事 try to do sth 尽量做某事 come home from school放学回家 of course=certainly=sure 当然 get g

3、ood grades 取得好成绩 some advice 一些建议 most of the students=most students 大多数学生 shop=go shopping=do some shopping 购物exercise=take (much) exercise=do sports 锻炼 help sb to do sth=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事a lot of vegetables=many vegetables 许多蔬菜hardly=not nearly/almost not 几乎不keep/be in good health保持健康have a

4、 cold 感冒 sore back 背痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 lie down and rest 躺下休息 see a dentist 看牙医 drink lots of water 多喝水hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 Thats a good idea 好主意Thats too bad 太糟糕了 I think so 我认为如此 stressed out 筋疲力尽get some rest 多休息 to eat a balance diet 饮食平衡 healthy food 健康食品 enjoy sth.=like sth. 喜欢某物 enjoy doi

5、ng sth. =like dong sth 喜欢做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事，finish doing sth. 完成某事 give up doing sth. 放弃做某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 keep ding sth. 坚持做某事. at the moment = now 此刻 Host family 东道家庭 Conversation practice 会话练习 neck and neck 并驾齐驱，齐头并进a healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 traditiona

6、l Chinese doctors 传统中医a balance of yin and yang 阴阳调和 You have too much yin. 你阴气太盛I have no idea = I dont know 我不知道stay healthy =keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit保持健康enjoy oneself =have a good/ wonderful time=have fun 玩得高兴，过得愉快I have a stomachache.= I have got a stomachache.= My stomach hur

7、ts.There is something wrong with my stomach.I have (got) a pain in my stomach. 我胃痛Whats the matter? = Whats the trouble (with you)? = Whats your trouble?Whats wrong (with you)? =What the matter (with you)? What has happened to you? =Is there anything wrong (with you)?whats up? 怎么了？Im not feeling wel

8、l. = Im not feeling fine/all right. = Im feeling ill/sick.=I feel terrible/bad.= I dont feel well. 我觉得不太舒服get to school 到校 get home 到家 take the subway 乘地铁how about=what about .怎么样？ ride a bike 骑自行车 take the bus乘公共汽take the train乘火车 take a taxi乘坐出租车 go in a parents car 坐父母的车 the early bus 早班车 have a

9、quick breakfast 迅速吃早饭how far 多远 take sb. to sp. 带某人到某处 bus stop 公共汽车站 train station 火车站 subway station 地铁站 bus station 客运站 want to do sth. 想做某事 walk to school 步行上学 in North America 在北美in other parts of the world 在世界的其他地区 not all 不是所有的 need to do sth. 需要做某事 number of students 学生数 two pieces of bread

10、两片面包the number of.的数量，谓语是单数a number of=many许多 number前可用large、great、small修饰其谓语是复数by bike/bus/subway/taxi/car/train / (乘坐车，放在句尾)depend on=depend upon 依靠，靠决定 dont worry(about sth./sb.) 别着急（为某人/事担心）around the world= all over the world 世界各地，全世界doing sth. takes sb. some time/ money=It takes sb. some time/

11、money to do sth.=sb. spends dome time/money (on sth.)=sb. spends some time/money (in) doing sth.=sth. costs sb. some time/money=sb. pay some money for sth.花费某人多少时间/金钱做某事/某人花费多少金钱/时间做某事make fruit salad 制作水果沙拉 mix it all up 将它们混合在一起 a slice of bread一片面包 slices of duck 烤鸭片 roll pancake 卷上薄饼 make faces

12、作鬼脸，make friends with 与交朋友 make a noise 吵闹, make mistakes 犯错误 make the bed 整理床铺, make ones way to 往走去 make room for 给腾出地方its easy to do sth. 做某事容易 its hard (difficult) to do sth. 做某事难Its necessary to do sth. 做某事必要 put sth, in order 将某些东西按顺序排列 a recipe for 的烹调方法, 的菜谱takes turns doing sth=take turns t

13、o do sth.=do sth. in turns 轮流做某事 talk about 谈论 talk over 谈论 give a talk 作报告 have a talk to/with sb. 与某人谈话 go to the beach 去海滩 have ice cream 吃冰淇淋go to the zoo 去动物园 go to the aquarium 去水族馆hang out with ones friends 和朋友闲逛 buy a souvenir 买纪念品take photos=take a photo=take pictures=take a picture 照相a fam

14、ous actor 著名的演员 get ones autograph 得到了某人的亲笔签名win a prize 赢得奖品（奖项） at the aquarium 在水族馆have a great time 玩得高兴，过得愉快 on the school trip 在学校的旅游Blue Water Aquarium 蓝色水族馆 the Visitors Center游客中心a dolphin show 海豚表演 after that 后来at the end of在结束的时候，在的尽头the Gift Shop 礼品店 at the beginning of 在开始的时候a terrible

15、school trip 糟糕的学校旅行 make up a story 编一个故事that sounds interesting 那听起来很有趣 in the rain 在雨中go for a drive 开车兜风 in the dark 在黑暗中 in the sun 在阳光下 in the snow 在雪中 have fun doing sth. 很快乐的做某事take notes of=write down=copy down 写下，记下play computer games 打电脑游戏 for sale 供销售see you soon 盼望很快见到你 in the future 在将来

16、，今后in ones opinion 据某人看来,某人的观点上看 win the first prize 获得了一等奖 a busy day off 繁忙的假日a famous basketball player 著名的篮球运动员 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事 the story goes that 据说in ones off hours 在某人的休息时间 the off season 淡季none of 当中没有一个 a heavy rain 一阵大雨a light rain一阵小雨 a fine rain 一阵细雨all day=all day long 整天 a

17、ll night=all night long 整夜at the age of在年龄时 take part in 参加、加入do the dishes 洗餐具 sweep the floor 清扫地板take out the trash 倒垃圾 make ones bed 铺床fold ones clothes叠衣服 clean the living room 清扫客厅 stay out late 晚归 his fathers reason 他父亲的理由get a ride搭车 use ones computer 使用某人的电脑hate sth./to do sth. 讨厌某事/做某事 do

18、some cooking 做饭do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes洗衣服wash the car 刷车 work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫 come over 过来borrow some money 借一些钱 invite sb. to do sth 邀请某人做某事go to the store 去商店 agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. =agree with what one says 同意某人的意见borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借

19、入) lend sb. sth.=lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) ask for 要求得到、要求见到 take care of=look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of=look afterwell 照顾得好、好好照顾need some help 需要一些帮助 get angry 生气have a test 考试 make a clean sweep of 彻底扫除have a fever 发烧 have a cough 咳嗽 have a toothache 牙疼talk too much 说得太多 drink enough water

20、 喝足够的水 have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a stomachache 胃疼 have a sore back 背疼 have a sore throat 喉咙痛 lie down and rest 躺下来休息 get out of 离开;从出萍 in time 及时hot tea w ith honey 加蜂蜜的热茶 see a dentist 看牙医 get an X-ray 拍X 光片 feel very hot 感到很热 sound like 听起来像 take ones temperature 量体温all weekend 整个周末 in the same way 以

21、同样的方式 go to a doctor 看医生go along 沿着走 on the side of the road 在马路边 shout for help 大声呼救without th inking twice 没有多想 .get off 下车 have a heart problem 有心脏病to one s surprise 使. 京讶的 thanks to 多亏了 ；由于 save a life 挽救生命get into trouble 造成麻烦 right away 立刻；马上 because of 由于 hurt oneself 受伤 put a bandage on sth.

22、 用绷带包扎 cut his knee 割伤他的膝 fa ll down 摔倒 put her head back 把她的头向后仰 put some medicine on sth. 在上面敷药 mountain climbing 登山运动be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事 have problems breathing 呼吸困难feel sick 感到恶心 have a nosebleed 流鼻血an old peoples home 养老院 help out with sth. 帮助解决困 used to 曾经 ；过去_ care for 关心;照顾 the look

23、of joy 快乐的表情 at the age of 在.岁时 clean up 打扫(或清除)干净 give out 分发;散发 cheer up (使)变得更高兴;振雀 come up w ith 想出；提出 make a plan 制订计划make some notices 做些公告牌 go to the movie 看电影 get a ride 搭车work on 从事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事 clean and tid y 干净整洁.do the dishes 洗餐具 take out the rubbish 倒垃圾 .no problem 没问题 fold

24、your/the clothes 叠衣服 sweep the floor 扫地 make your/the bed 整理床铺 clean the livng room 打扫客厅 welcome sb. 欢迎某人 sit down 坐下come home fro m school/ work放学/下班回家 throw down 扔下come over 过来 take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步 all the time 一直;总是all day/evening 整曰/夜. do housew ork 做家务 shout back 大声回应walk away 走开 try out

25、试用;试行 call up 打电话;召集work for 为工作；为. 效力 put up 建造;举起;张贴 put off 推迟;延迟 for example 比如；例如 raise money 筹钱;募捐 hand out 分发;散发;发给take after 与.相像;像 give away 赠送;捐赠 fix up 修理;修补;解决be similar to 与相似 set up 建立;设立 disabled people 残疾人make a difference 影响;有作用 be able to 能够 share the housework 分担家务a com fortable h

26、ome 一个舒适的家 in surprise 惊讶地 hang out 闲逛get som ething to drin k 拿点喝的东西 watch one show 观看一个节目.pass sb. sth. 把某物传给某人 lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人get sth. wet 使某物弄湿 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事do chores 做杂务help sb. (to ) d o /with sth帮助某人干某事bring a tent带顶帐篷来 buy some snacks买些小吃 go to the store去商店invite sb. to a party

27、邀请某人参加聚会 make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事enough stress足够的压力 a waste of time浪费时间in order to为了 get good grades取得好成绩 mind doing sth. 介意做某事 depend on依赖;依靠 词汇精讲一、always、usually、often、sometimes、hardly ever和never是英语中最常见的频度副词。（1）always 的频度为100%，表示动作重复、状态继续，中间没有间断，意思是“总是”、“永远地”。 The sun always rises in the east and s

28、ets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。（2）usually 的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。 He usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。（3）often 的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。 He is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。（4）sometimes 的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。多用于一般现在时。 It is sometimes hot and sometime

29、s cold. 天气忽冷忽热。Sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。（5）hardly ever 的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“偶尔”，表频率，位置是“行前be后”。 I hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。（6）never 的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。 My parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。【拓展】（1）这些副词在句子中的位置基本相同，一般放在助动词、be动词

30、或情态动词之后，行为动词之前。即：“行”前“助(系)”后。 Peter is always late for school. Peter上学总是迟到。I usually do my homework in the evening. 我通常在晚上做作业。二、hardly和hardhardly和hard形式上很接近，但意义截然不同。1）hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”。 This ground is too hard to dig. 这块地太硬，挖不动。They tried hard to succee

31、d. 他们努力工作，以求得成功。2）hardly是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almost not。 There is hardly any coffee left.= Theres almost no coffee left. 几乎没有剩余的咖啡了。三、sometimes、sometime、some time和some times单词词义用法sometimes有时 用于一般现在时和一般过去时中sometime某时(时间点) 用于一般将来时或一般过去时中some time一段时间 可用于多种时态(指时间段)some times几次，几倍 表示次数或倍数He was somet

32、imes late for school. 他有时上学迟到。He came here sometime. 他某个时候来过这里。He will stay there for some time. 他将在那里待一段时间。She came home some times. 她回了几次家。四、 most与most of 的区别：（1）most后可直接跟名词(可数或不可数)，同时，也可接有形容词修饰的名词。 Most boys like playing football. 大部分男孩都喜欢踢足球。I always spend most time learning English.我总是花大部分时间学习英

33、语。（2）most后不能直接跟有定冠词、指示代词或物主代词所修饰的名词，遇到这些情况用most of 代替most。I spent most of my time learning to play the piano last year.去年我把大部分时间都花在学弹钢琴上了。I did most of that difficult work. 那件困难的工作绝大部分都是由我做的。（3）most of 后跟人称代词时，应用复数形式的人称代词宾格。 Most of them are going off to Guangzhou next week.他们中的多数人都准备下星期去广州。（4）most

34、前有定冠词时，可用来修饰多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。 This is the most beautiful flower. 这是最漂亮的花。但是，如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。 She is a most beautiful girl. 她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。五、nono是形容词，意为“无，没有”，一般用作定语，后接可数名词或不可数名词。相当于nota/any。I have no friends.=I dont have a/any friend. 我没有朋友。【拓展】（1）no常用于省略句中，表示“不许，不可，不要”。 No smoking! 不要

35、抽烟。No photos! 禁止拍照！（2）no和not（1）no可单独使用，回答一般疑问句，而not则不能单独使用。 Can I come? 我能来吗？ No, you cant. 不，你不能。（2）no作形容词，其后可接单数、复数或不可数名词，而not是副词，常用来修饰谓语动词或形容词和副词等，故no相当于not a/an或not any六、shopshop可用作动词，意为“购物”，也可用go shopping“去购物”或do some shopping。 go swimming 去游泳 go skating 去滑冰 go fishing 去钓鱼go boating 去划船 do some

36、 reading 阅读 do some washing 洗涮 do some cooking 做饭 do some swimming 游泳 do some speaking 多说do some listening 多听七、 want sb.to do sth. 意为“想要某人做某事”。否定形式为：want sb. not to do sth. 想让某人不要做某事want的用法还有： want sth. 想要什么want to do sth. 想要做某事 She wants a cup of tea. 她想要一杯茶。They want to go home. 他们想要回家。He wants me

37、 to help him. 他想要我帮他。【拓展】 want后接动词不定式时，相当于would like。want (sb.)to do sth.=would like (sb.)to do sth.八、 be good for 意为“对有好处，对有益处”，介词for后接名词或代词。其 反义词为be bad for，意为“对有害处”。 Junk food is not good for our health. 垃圾食品对我们的健康没有好处。Smoking is bad for you. 吸烟对你有害。【拓展】（1）be good to“对好”，其反义短语为be bad to“对不好”。 介词t

38、o之后一般接表示人的名词或代词。 She is very good to us. 她对我们很好。The boss is bad to his workers. 那个老板对他的工人不好。（2）be good at“在方面擅长”，介词at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为do well in。 She is good at English and Chinese. = She does well in English and Chinese. 她擅长英语和汉语。（3）be good with“和相处得好；擅于和相处”。 Are you good with children? 你和孩子

39、们相处得好吗？九、 try to do sth.try为动词，意为“试图；设法；努力”。指付出一定努力去做某事。try (not)to do sth. 努力(不)做某事、尽力(不)做某事try doing sth. 尝试做某事try out 实验 try on 试穿(鞋、衣服等)try ones best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力去干I try to answer the question. 我尽力回答这个问题。He tried swimming across the river. 他试着游过河去。She is trying on a new dress. 她正在试穿一件新连衣裙。

40、We should try our best to study English well. 我们应尽我们最大努力学好英语。try作名词，意为“尝试；试图”。 Let me have a try. 让我试一试。十、help sb. (to)do sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”。 同义词组为help sb. with sth.He helps me (to)learn English.= He helps me with my English. 他帮助我学习英语。【拓展】（1）help sb. with sth. 在某事上帮助某人 My maths teacher helps me with my

41、 maths. 我的数学老师在数学上帮助我。（2）help 也可以作名词，作名词时常用于下列短语： with ones help= with the help of在的帮助下 With Marys help, I made rapid progress in English learning.= With the help of Mary, I made rapid progress in English learning. 在Mary的帮助下，我在英语学习方面进步很快。十一、the same as/ be different fromthe same as意为“和一样/相同” I am in

42、 the same school as my younger sister.我和我的妹妹在同一所学校。be different from意为“与不同” Saying a thing is very different from doing it. 说一件事和做一件事很不相同。the sameas意为“同一样”，是一常用搭配，same是形容词，做定语，其前总有the.Her hair is the same color as her mothers. 她头发的颜色和她妈妈的一样。十二、keep in good health 意为“保持健康” If you want to keep in good

43、 health, you should eat more fruit and vegetables.如果你想保持健康，你应该多吃水果和蔬菜。 health是不可数名词，意为“健康(状况)”，常用于“be in good(poor/bad)health”短语中，表示“身体好(不好)”。 Health is better than wealth. 健康胜于财富。 healthy做形容词，意为“健康的”，它是名词health+y构成的形容词，类似的词有：windy、cloudy、sunny、funny、snowy等。 unhealthy意为“不健康的”，是由“un+adj.”构成的形容词。un-为否

44、定前缀。类似的有： happy高兴的unhappy不高兴的 fair公平的unfair不公平的【拓展】（1）keep是动词，意为“保持(持续的)状态”，其后常跟形容词、副词、介词短语或动词的-ing形式。keep doing sth. 继续做某事keep (sb. / sth.)+ 形容词 (使某人)保持某种状态keep sb./sth.+介词短语 使处于某种状态keep sb. / sth. from doing sth. 阻止，保护不受keep on doing sth. 反复做某事You should keep quiet. 你们应该保持安静。He keeps at home becau

45、se it is hot. 他一直待在家里，因为天气太热了。 （2）keep的相关短语：keep up with 赶上 keep a shop 开商店keep an eye on 照看十三、kind of常用于口语，意为“有点儿，有几分”，多用于修饰形容词或副词表程度。He looked kind of angry. 他看上去有点生气了。kind还可表示“种类”。There are all kinds of shoes in the shoe shop. 鞋店里有各种各样的鞋。2）sound、hear和listen的辨析：sound是系动词，后接形容词，表示“听起来”；hear是及物动词，表示

46、听到的结果；listen是不及物动词，后 接宾语时，要加上to，表示听的动作。He listened carefully, but he heard nothing. 他仔细听，可什么也没听到。Look! He is listening to the music there. 看，他正在那里听音乐。十四、a number ofa number of 意为“许多”，后面接可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。number前面可以用large、great、small等修饰，构成a large number of、a small number of等。 I have a number of let

47、ters to write. 我有许多信件要写。A large number of students in our school are from the countryside. 我们学校许多学生来自农村。A small number of students in our class went swimming yesterday.昨天我们班一小部分学生去游泳了。【拓展】the number of意为“的数量”，后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用单数形式。 The number of people speaking Chinese is larger than that of those speaking English. 说汉语的人数要大于说英语的人数。十五、 not all not all表示部分否定，意为“不是所有的都”。当句子中出现all/every/both/always等词时，not无论用在主语中，还是谓语部分里，都表示部分否定。 Not all that glitters is gold. 发光的并不都是金子。Not all answers are right. = All answers arent right. 不是所有的答案都是正确的