名词性从句经典实用

1、unit 3the million pound bank note名词性从句英语句子的种类英语句子的种类简单句简单句 (simple sentence)并列句并列句 (compound sentence)复合句复合句 (complex sentence)英语句子结构概论名词性从句复合句复合句:主句主句+从句从句 名词名词性从句性从句 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句1. the boy who is standing over there is tom.2. because it is raining , we have to stay at home. 定语从句定语从句 状语从句状语从句3

2、. i know (that) he is from america.(宾语从句）宾语从句）名词名词性从句性从句-名词性从句who will win the match is still unknown. i want to know who will win the match . the question is who will win the match . the question who will win the match is interesting. 主语从句主语从句宾语从句宾语从句表语从句表语从句同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句noun clauses(名词性从句名词性从句)s

3、ubject clause (主语从句主语从句)appositive clause（同位语从句）（同位语从句）object clause（宾语从句）（宾语从句）predicative clause（表语从句）（表语从句）名词性从句object clauses 宾语从句宾语从句名词性从句conjunctions of noun clauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属从属连词连词（不作成分）（不作成分）连接连接代词代词（作主、宾、（作主、宾、表、定）表、定）连接连接副词副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever), which(ever); who(ever),

4、whom(ever), whose that, whether, ifwhen(ever), where(ver), how(ever), why名词性从句 做及物动词的宾语做及物动词的宾语 做介词的宾语做介词的宾语 做形容词的宾语做形容词的宾语名词性从句一、连词（引导词）一、连词（引导词） 1. that1)当宾语从句是由当宾语从句是由陈述句转变而来陈述句转变而来时（包括肯定句和时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词否定句），连词由由that引导引导，因为，因为that在从句中在从句中不作不作任何成分任何成分，也，也没有任何具体意思没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正，因此在口语或非正式文体中式文体中

5、常省略。常省略。vlin tao feels (that) his own team is even better. the reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.名词性从句2.在主句为动词在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟等）作表语时，后面所跟的从句也可算是的从句也可算是宾语从句宾语从句(that可省略可省略)。vim sorry (that) i dont know .vwere sure (that) our team will

6、win .vim afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .名词性从句3）宾语从句中的连接词）宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三在以下三种情况下种情况下不能省略：不能省略：（1）当）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个第二个that不能省；不能省；he said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umbrella when it was raining. （2）当）当that从句作从句作介词宾语介词宾语时，时，that不可省。不可省

7、。i know nothing about him except that he is from the countryside. （3）用）用it做做形式宾语形式宾语的宾语从句，的宾语从句，that不可省。不可省。名词性从句1.i dont think _ she is coming.2.i dont think it necessary _ you should read english aloud.3.he told me _ his father had died and _ he had to make a living alone.(that)thatthat(that)名词性从句

8、1. i dont doubt _ he can speak english.2. i doubt_ he can speak english.whether/ ifthat名词性从句当宾语当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时从句是由一般疑问句变来时时，由连词时，由连词whether或或if引导，引导， “是否是否”，不能省略。，不能省略。(1) lily wanted to know _ her grandma liked the handbag .(2) lets see _ we can find out some information about that city .(3) she as

9、ked me _ she could borrow these books .2. whether/ifwhether/ ifwhether/ ifwhether/ if名词性从句注意注意 whether和和if的使用区别的使用区别: 1) whether和和if都可以引导宾语从句，但都可以引导宾语从句，但 a. 当从句中有当从句中有or not时就用时就用whether,不用不用if。 b. 介词后面介词后面的宾语从句不能用的宾语从句不能用if表示表示“是否是否”。 c. whether to do 做动词宾语不能用做动词宾语不能用if to do. 2) if可以引导条件状语从句，可以引导

10、条件状语从句，whether无此无此用法。用法。 i dont know whether or not i will stay.i worry about whether i hurt her feeling.if you are to succeed, you ought to work harder.i dont know whether to tell him about this.名词性从句practice timei asked her _ she had a bike.were worried about _ he is safe. i dont know _ he is well

11、 or not.4. i dont know _ or not he is well.5. i dont know _ i should go. if / whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether/if_ to go.whether名词性从句3. 当宾语从句是由当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转变而来特殊疑问句转变而来时，由时，由疑问词疑问词（what, who, whom, which, whose, when, where, how, why等等）引导，因为疑问词在从句）引导，因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义

12、，所以以不可以省略。不可以省略。v do you know _ he said just now ?v i dont remember _ we arrived .v i asked him _ i could get so much money in so short a time.v please tell me _ we have to see .v do you know _ time the plane leaves ?whatwhenwherewho / whomwhat名词性从句二、时态二、时态1. 1. 如果如果主句是现在的时态主句是现在的时态 （包括一般现在（包括一般现在时时

13、 ，现在进行时，现在完成时），现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的从句的时态可根据实际情况而定时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）。等）。v i know he _ here .(live)v i know he _ here ten years ago .(live) v i have heard that he _ tomorrow . (come)liveslivedwill come名词性从句2. 如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），过去进

14、行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）i knew who _ here. (live) i saw she _ her mother. (talk)he asked whether his father _ tomorrow. (come back)he said that he _ it before. (see)3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时一般现在时。livedw

15、as talking withwould come backhad seen名词性从句三、语序三、语序宾语从句要用宾语从句要用陈述语序陈述语序：连接词：连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分。其他成分。1. i dont know what is the matter / the trouble/ wrong with him.2. i dont know who did it.3. i dont know who is he.1. his brother asks when he will go to the library .2. his brother asks when wi

16、ll he go to the library . 1. i dont know what he wants to buy .2. i dont know what does he want to buy .名词性从句21如果宾语从句后面有如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语宾语补足语，要使用，要使用形式宾形式宾语语 it 而将而将真正的宾语真正的宾语that/wh-从句放到补足语后从句放到补足语后面面；find, feel, think, believe, guess, make e.g. i thought it strange that he failed to call me我觉得奇怪：他没给

17、我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。用用it作形式宾语的宾语从句作形式宾语的宾语从句名词性从句 1). can you make sure_ alice has put the gold ring. 2). it all depends on _they will support us . 3). she will give _needs help a warm support. 4). he made _clear to the public_ he did an important and necessary job . wherewhetherwhoeveritthat名词性从句名词性

18、从句名词性从句 to名词性从句predicative clauses 表语从句表语从句名词性从句从属连词从属连词(不作成分）不作成分）连接代词连接代词（作成分）（作成分）连接副词连接副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever), which(ever);who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whether, as if/as though， becausewhen(ever), where(ever), how(ever), why, 表语从句表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在放在系动词系动词之后之后,一般结构是一般结构是

19、“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。等。表语从句表语从句名词性从句表语从句表语从句the questions is_we can rely on him. 2. he didnt study abroad. thats_he was in need of money at that time. 3. he looked_he was going to cry. 4. my car broke down halfway. thats_i was late.whetherbecauseas

20、ifwhy名词性从句 注注 意：意： 在表语从句中，表在表语从句中，表“是否是否” 时，只能用时，只能用 “whether”不能用不能用“if”。 一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。 it is/ was because . it is/ was why. 4. the reason (why/for)is/ was that.5. the reason/ result is because/ whythat .名词性从句 my advice is that you _(set) off early tomorrow morning. his order is that we

21、 _(clean) the classroom every day. his suggestion is that the thief _(send) to the police station. the question is _ he will come.(should) set(should) clean(should) be sentwhether表示建议，要求，命令的词表示建议，要求，命令的词 sb (should) do名词性从句1. thats _ the party called on us to do. a. why b. what c. how d. that 2. the

22、 reason is _ he is unable to operate the machine. a. because b. why c. that d. whether3 .that is _ they separated. a. that b. what c. which d. where 4.jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. a. what b. which c. that d. when 名词性从句5. she looked _ she were ten years younger. a. that b. like c. as d

23、. as though6. - i fell sick! - i think it is _ you are doing too much. a. why b. when c. what d. because 7. the problem is _ he has enough time. a. if b. whether c. / d. that ddb名词性从句8. the trouble is _we are short of tools. a. what b. that c. how d. why that9. the energy is _ makes the cells able t

24、o do their work. a. that b. which c. what d. suchbc名词性从句subject clauses 主语从句主语从句名词性从句conjunctions of noun clauses（引导名词性从句的关联词）：引导名词性从句的关联词）：从属从属连词连词（不作成分）（不作成分）连接连接代词代词（作主、宾、（作主、宾、表、定）表、定）连接连接副词副词（作状语）（作状语）what(ever), which(ever); who(ever), whom(ever), whose that, whetherwhen(ever), where(ver), how

25、(ever), why名词性从句 whether “是否是否”，不做主语从句中成分，源，不做主语从句中成分，源于一般疑问句；于一般疑问句；“if” 不能引导主语从句。不能引导主语从句。引导词引导词_ is not easy to say(他是否会来这儿）他是否会来这儿）.whether he will come here( if he will come here . )_ is more practice.（我们所需（我们所需要的）要的）_ is under discussion.（我们什么时候开始会议）（我们什么时候开始会议）四四. 连接副词连接副词 when 等在从句中作状语。等在从句中

26、作状语。what we needwhen we will begin the meeting三三. 连接代词连接代词what 等在从句中作主语、宾语等。等在从句中作主语、宾语等。名词性从句 注意一注意一:主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免主语冗长为了避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻,经常经常用用it作形作形式主语式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语主语从句放在后面作真正的主语.1. that the earth is round is known to all. 2. that you missed the chance is a pity. it is a pity that you

27、 missed the chance. its known to all that the earth is round.这样就构成了下面一些常用句型这样就构成了下面一些常用句型: it is +adj./ n. (strange/a pity/) + that it is + v.-ed (said/ reported) + that 名词性从句what he needs _ that book.what he needs _ some books.isare注意三：注意三：what 与与 that 引导主语从句的区别引导主语从句的区别:注意二注意二:主语从句对应的主句谓语动词一般用主语从句

28、对应的主句谓语动词一般用单单数。但数。但what/ who等等引导主语从句时，主句谓语引导主语从句时，主句谓语单复数可根据单复数可根据表语表语决定。决定。 1. that不做成分；不能省略。不做成分；不能省略。 2. what可以做主语，宾语，表语。可以做主语，宾语，表语。可译成可译成“-的东西，话，的东西，话，事情，人，地方，时间，样子等事情，人，地方，时间，样子等” “所所-”1. what he said disappointed me.2. a computer can only do what you have instructed it to do .名词性从句 _ he made

29、 an important speech at the meeting was true. a. that b. why c. what d. how 2. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather . a. if b. whether c. that d. where 3. _ is known to us all is that america is a developed country _ the first world. a. which; belong to b. as, belonged to c. what; belon

30、ging to d. it; belonging to名词性从句4. its known to us all _ a form of energy. a. water is b. that water is c. is water d. that water to 5. it worried her a bit _ her hair was turning gray.a. whether b. that c. what d. when6. what i say and think _ none of your business. a. is b. are c. has d have名词性从句a

31、ppositive clauses 同位语从句同位语从句名词性从句同位语从句同位语从句 1. 跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一跟在某些抽象名词后面，对该名词作进一步解释说明步解释说明,解释这些名词的具体内容。解释这些名词的具体内容。常用名词有常用名词有belief, fact, idea, hope, news, doubt, result, thought, information, opinion等。以及等。以及suggestion, order, demand, wish等。等。2. 常用连词：常用连词：that, whether; when, where, why, how; wh

32、at, which, who, whom, whose, wh-ever等。等。 名词性从句the queen of england was on a three-day visit in china./ we heard the news last night._ we heard the news last night that the queen of england was on a three-day visit in china._名词性从句chinese students should be given more free time. the suggestion is welc

33、omed by many people, especially kids in school._ the suggestion that chinese students should be given more free time is welcomed by many people, especially kids in school._ _ 名词性从句1. the news _ we won the competition is very encouraging.2. i have no idea _ has happened to him.用用that/ what填空填空whattha

34、t名词性从句1.we expressed the hope that they had expected.2.we expressed the hope that they would come to visit china again.定语从句定语从句同位语从句同位语从句3. 连词连词that在同位语从句中在同位语从句中不可省略不可省略,而在定语从句而在定语从句中当它充当从句中当它充当从句宾语时可以省略宾语时可以省略。区别区别that引导的同位语从句和定语从句：引导的同位语从句和定语从句：1.引导同位语的连词引导同位语的连词that在句中在句中不作任何句子成分不作任何句子成分，而在定语从句中

35、，而在定语从句中，that充当的可以是充当的可以是从句的主语或从句的主语或宾语宾语等。等。2. 同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的同位语从句是对前面名词的内容的具体说明具体说明，而，而定语从句是对前面名词定语从句是对前面名词进行修饰，解释为进行修饰，解释为“的的”。名词性从句 判断判断:定语从句定语从句or同位语从句同位语从句1.the order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 2.the order that we received yesterday was t

36、hat we should send a few people to help the other groups. 3.the news that he will leave for shanghai is true.5.the question that we discussed yesterday is a difficult one.(定语从句定语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(同位语从句同位语从句)(定语从句定语从句)名词性从句b2. _ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising .a. who b. the one

37、c. anyone d. whoever 3. information has been put forward _ more graduates will be admitted into universities .a. that b. how c. where d. what da1. he is absent from school . it is _ he is seriously ill. a. why b. because c. that d. the reasonpractice time名词性从句4. - are you still thinking about yester

38、days game ? - oh, thats _. a. what makes me feel excited b. whatever i feel excited about c. how i feel about it d. when i feel excited a名词性从句5.there will be a special price for _ buys things in large number here.a. who b. whom c. whoever d. whomever6. mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed

39、to win the game . why b. what c. who d. that7.the poor young man is ready to accept _ help he can get. a. whichever b. however c. whatever d. whenever名词性从句8. _ man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. which b. how c. what d. that 9. it is generally considered unwise to give a

40、 child _ he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 名词性从句10. she received the message _ he would come by plane. a. that b. which c. what d. when11. energy is _ makes things work. a. what b. something c. anything d. that12.our city has changed a lot ,and now it is quite differen

41、t from _ a few years ago. a. what it used to be b. that it used to be c.which it used to be d. what was it名词性从句correct or not?*when the meeting will be held havent been known yet. be held hasnt been known yet.pay attention:主语从句对应的主句的谓语主语从句对应的主句的谓语用用单数单数形式形式 名词性从句 correct or not?pay attention: 在此宾语从句

42、中，在此宾语从句中，it 充当充当形形式宾语式宾语，真正的宾语为，真正的宾语为that 从句从句i think it worthwhile that.* i think that worthwhile that we spent so much money on these books.名词性从句*his brother asks when will he go to the library .pay attention:名词性从句的语序用名词性从句的语序用陈述语序陈述语序 correct or not?when he will go to the library . 名词性从句* if we

43、 will have a meeting hasnt been decided yet.correct or not?whether we will. decided yet.pay attention:放在名词性从句放在名词性从句句首句首，表示，表示“是否是否”，只能用，只能用whether, 不能用不能用if名词性从句 correct or not?pay attention:注意注意虚拟语气虚拟语气在名词性从句中的在名词性从句中的使用！由使用！由demand ,order, require, insist, suggest, advise等引导的宾语从句，或由等引导的宾语从句，或由demand, order, suggestion等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其等引导的表语从句和同位语从句，其谓语要