外研社必修二Module3 grammar

1、过去完成时过去完成时神马是过去完成时？神马是过去完成时？表示过去发生的一个动作之前已经完成的动作，就是过去完成时。警察抓小偷警察抓小偷当警察赶到的时候，小偷早已经跑了。当警察赶到的时候，小偷早已经跑了。When the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.在妈妈进门之前，我早就把电脑关了。在妈妈进门之前，我早就把电脑关了。偷偷玩电脑偷偷玩电脑After I had already turned off my computer, my Mom came in.Before my Mom came in, I had already t

2、urned off my computer.这就是过去完成时这就是过去完成时NowPastFutureAB有两个动作都发生在过去，先后发生，先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时。过去的过去过去的过去NowPastFutureAB现在完成时：have/has+done过去完成时： had +done had not +done had been doneWhen the police arrived, the thieves had already run away.Before my Mom came in, I had already turned off my computer.Af

3、ter I had already turned off my computer, my Mom came in.找标志词找标志词by +过去：过去：by the end of +last year, by the end of last term, by the time you arrived过去完成时标志词过去完成时标志词before, after, when, by, hardlywhen(刚要刚要.就就)no sooner than我们刚要工作，天就下起雨来。我们刚要工作，天就下起雨来。1.We had hardly begun our work when it began to r

4、ain.Hardly had we begun our work when it began to rain.We had no sooner begun our work than it began to rain.No sooner had we begun our work than it began to rain.过去完成时还可以表示对过去的虚拟，表示过去完成时还可以表示对过去的虚拟，表示未能实现的希望、愿望等未能实现的希望、愿望等, 常用的词有常用的词有expect, hope, mean, suppose, think 等。等。过去完成时表虚拟过去完成时表虚拟我本来想周末做完作业

5、的，结果我朋友过生日。我本来想周末做完作业的，结果我朋友过生日。I had wanted to finish my homework, but my friends had a birthday party.1. It was the first time that + had done特殊句式特殊句式那是他第一次到眉山。那是他第一次到眉山。It was the first time that he had been to Meishan.2. It was + 时间段时间段+since+ had done那时他们已经在一起三年了。那时他们已经在一起三年了。It was three years

6、 since they had been together.1. By nine oclock last night, we _ (get) 200 pictures from the spaceship.2. I _ (am) at the bus stop for 20minutes when a bus finally arrived.3. The bus_ (leave) by the time I got there. 4. By the time he_(be) 14, his grandfather had been away.5.It was the first time th

7、at he_(talk) with foreigners.6. I had no sooner left than she _ (call).趁热打铁趁热打铁had gothad beenhad leftwashad talkedcalled6:00(eat up) 7:00(get up) present 6:00(eat up) 7:00(get up) present Last Sunday, I had an unlucky day.By the time I _, my dog _ up all my breakfast on the table. got up had eaten

8、An Unlucky Day Practice 19:159:35 presentThen I went to see the film with empty stomach.When I _at the cinema, the film _(be)on for 20 minutes.arrived had been arrivebe on After the film, I went to meet a friend whom I_ (not see) since we _. have not seen graduate not seegraduated We had coffee and

9、talked happily.But when I was going to pay for it, I_(find)my wallet and cellphone _(steal).What an unlucky day ! had been stolenfoundPassive voice(被动语态被动语态):had(not)+been+donestealtalk时间状语从句时间状语从句when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner than, ha

10、rdly / scarcely when 等1)常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有:When/While/Aswhen 意为意为这时这时(at this time)或或那时那时(at that time) 时，常时，常用于下列句型：用于下列句型：Somebody was doing something when某人正在做某人正在做 突然突然 Somebody was about to do something when.某人正要做某人正要做 突然突然 Somebody had just done something when某人刚刚干了某人刚刚干了这时这时Whene.g. 1. I was re

11、ading English when my teacher came in.2. I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.3. I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .观察：观察：While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.While分析：分析：while引导的从句表示引

12、导的从句表示“在在过程中过程中”，强调某一段，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词延续性动词。e.g. She is tall while I am short. while 表示强烈的表示强烈的对比关系对比关系，可译成，可译成“然而然而”While I was studying English, he was playing football.强调两个动作同时进行强调两个动作同时进行两种情况一起发展变化两种情况一起发展变化试观察：试观察：1) As they were

13、picking tea, the girls were singing happily.2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.As分析：分析：as引导的从句表示引导的从句表示“当当时；一边时；一边一一边边”，主句和从句的动作，主句和从句的动作同时同时发生，强调伴发生，强调伴随。有时可译为随。有时可译为“随着随着”。1. 他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。2. 他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。3. 他一边烧饭一边唱歌。他一边烧饭一边唱歌。4.

14、我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。5. 你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。6. 随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。Translate these sentences into English.Possible answers:1. When he returned, his mother was cooking.2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking.3. As he cooked, he sang.4. We were about to start whe

15、n it began to rain.5. you like playing football while I like playing the piano.6. As time went by, we all grew up. till / until1.主句的谓语动词如果是主句的谓语动词如果是延续性延续性的应该用的应该用肯定式肯定式，意，意为为“一直到一直到”2.主句的谓语动词如果是主句的谓语动词如果是瞬间性瞬间性的应该用的应该用否定式否定式，意，意为为“直到直到才才”1.I waited till/until 9 o clock.2.The little boy cried till/u

16、ntil his father appeared.3.I didnt go to bed till/until 9 o clock.4.Tom didnt finish his homework till/until 9 o clock.当当not until放在句首时，主句要放在句首时，主句要部分倒装部分倒装。Not until Mary had heard that sound did she really get frightened.在强调句中，强调在强调句中，强调until引导时间状语时，常把引导时间状语时，常把not提前，提前，构成构成 it isnt/wasnt until th

17、atIt wasnt until 11 o clock that he returned home.before/since当当before放于主句之后，有时候会意为放于主句之后，有时候会意为“就，才就，才”The man almost knocked me down before he saw me.Before常用于这两个句型：常用于这两个句型：It was/wasnt+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句 过了多久过了多久/没过多久没过多久才才It will/wont be+一段时间一段时间+before从句从句 还得过多久还得过多久/用不了多久用不了多久就就才才He rushed o

18、ut of the room before I could say a word.就就It was a long time before we met again.过了很久我们过了很久我们才才再次见面再次见面It will be three days before I come back.三天后我三天后我就就回来了。回来了。Since引导的从句的谓语动词是引导的从句的谓语动词是瞬间动词瞬间动词时，则从句表示的时，则从句表示的时间是时间是“从动作开始的那一刻起从动作开始的那一刻起”He has studies hard since he came to our school.自从他来到我们学校，

19、他学习就非常努力。自从他来到我们学校，他学习就非常努力。Since引导的从句的谓语动词是引导的从句的谓语动词是延续性动词延续性动词时或时或表示状态的表示状态的动词动词，则从句表示的时间是，则从句表示的时间是“从动作从动作/状态结束的那一刻状态结束的那一刻起起”I havent heard any noise since I slept。自从我醒来还没有听见任何声音自从我醒来还没有听见任何声音1. I have not heard from him since I lived in Shanghai.2. It is half a month since he was a student.3. Its been quite a long time since I was in London.1. 自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。自从我离开上海，就再也没有收到他的信。2. 他已经不是学生半个月了。他已经不是学生半个月了。3. 我离开伦敦已经很长时间了。我离开伦敦已经很长