新概念英语第二册39课

1、Lesson Lesson 3939Am Am I All Right ?I All Right ?1 1、人称的转变、人称的转变 1 1）直接引语中的第一人）直接引语中的第一人称随主句主语变称随主句主语变如： He said，“I am very sorry.” He said that he was very sorry. 2 2）直接引语中的第二人）直接引语中的第二人称随主句谓语变称随主句谓语变如： “You should be more careful next time,” my father told me. My father told me that I should be m

2、ore careful the next time. 3 3）直接引语中的）直接引语中的第三人称不变第三人称不变如： She said to her son, “Shell check your homework tonight.” She said to her son that she would check his homework that night. 4 4）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，）人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如： He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet

3、a friend of mine this afternoon?” He asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon. 总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。合逻辑。 2 2、时态的转换、时态的转换 直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词直接引语改为间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方如果是过去时，从句（即间接引语部分）的谓语动词在时态方

4、面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾面要作相应的变化，变成过去时范畴的各种时态（实际也是宾语从句的时态要求），变化如下：语从句的时态要求），变化如下： 直直接引语接引语 间接引语间接引语 一般现在时一般现在时 一般过去时一般过去时 一般过去时一般过去时 过去完成时过去完成时 现在进行时现在进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 现在完成时现在完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去完成时过去完成时 过去进行时过去进行时 过去进行时过去进行时 一般将来时一般将来时 过去将来时过去将来时 3 3、直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无直接引语变成间接引语时，从句时态无须改变的情

5、况须改变的情况 1 1）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时的时候，如：如： He always says, “I am tired out.” He always says that he is tired out. 2 2）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，）当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候，如：如： He will say, “Ill try my best to help you.” He will say that he will try his best to help me. 3 3）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时）当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时

6、间状语时如：如： He said, “I went to college in 1994.” He told us that he went to college in 1994. 4 4）当直接引语中有以）当直接引语中有以when, whilewhen, while引导的从句，表引导的从句，表示过去的时间时示过去的时间时，如： He said，“When I was a child, I usually played football after school.” He said that when he was a child, he usually played football aft

7、er school. 5 5）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，）当直接引语是客观真理或自然现象时，如： Our teacher said to us, “Light travels faster than sound.” Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 6 6）当引语是谚语、格言时，）当引语是谚语、格言时，如： He said，“Practice makes perfect.” He said that practice makes perfect. 7 7）当直接引语中有情态动词）当直接引语中有情态动词sh

8、ould, would, could, should, would, could, had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used had better, would rather, might, must, ought to, used to, needto, need时时 如：She asked, “Must I take the medicine?” She asked if she had to take the medicine. 注注：此处用：此处用had tohad to代替代替mustmust更好更好 8 8）此外转述

9、中的）此外转述中的变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，变化要因实际情况而定，不能机械照搬，如果当地转述，herehere不必改为不必改为there, there, 动词动词comecome不必改为不必改为gogo，如果当天转，如果当天转述述yesterday, tomorrow, this afternoonyesterday, tomorrow, this afternoon等均不必改变。等均不必改变。 3 3）地点状语：）地点状语：herehere变成变成therethere She said, “I wont come here any more.” She said th

10、at she wouldnt go there any more. 4 4）动词：）动词：comecome变成变成gogo，bringbring变成变成taketake5 5、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化、直接引语变间接引语，句子结构的变化 1 1）陈述句。用连词）陈述句。用连词thatthat引导，引导，thatthat在口语中常省略。主在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, said, 也可用也可用toldtold来代来代替，注意，可以说替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. said

11、that, said to sb. that, told sb. thatthat，不可直接说，不可直接说told that,told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday.（不可说told that）2

12、 2）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接）直接引语为一般疑问句，（也称是否疑问句，）间接引语用连词引语用连词whetherwhether或或if if引导，原主句中谓语动词引导，原主句中谓语动词saidsaid要要改为改为askedasked（me/him/usme/him/us等），语序是陈述句的语序，这等），语序是陈述句的语序，这一点非常重要。一点非常重要。如： He said, “Do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?” He asked（me）whether/if I had any difficulty with my

13、 pronunciation. 3 3） 直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用直接引语为选择疑问句，间接引语用whetherorwhetheror表达，而不用表达，而不用iforifor，也不用，也不用eitheror. eitheror. 如： He asked, “Do you speak English or French?” He asked me whether I spoke English or French. 4 4）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来）直接引语为特殊疑问句，改成间接引语时，原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓

14、语动词用askask（sb.sb.）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。）来表达，语序改为陈述句语序。如： He asked，“Whats your name?” He asked（me）what my name was. 5 5）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带）直接引语为祈使句时，改为间接引语，用带toto的的不定式表达，谓语动词常是不定式表达，谓语动词常是ask, advise, tell, warn, ask, advise, tell, warn, order, requestorder, request等。如等。如ask sb. to doask sb. to do，（由肯定祈使句，

15、（由肯定祈使句变成）变成）ask sb. not to doask sb. not to do（由否定祈使句转变），并（由否定祈使句转变），并且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点且在不定式短语中的时间状语、地点 1)人称 人称的变化“一主、二宾、三不变”。 意为在改为间接引语时，直接引语里的第一人称照主句的主语变化。第二人称看主语的宾语而变化，第三人称无需变化。 2) 句式/连词 3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、方向性动词的变化 Successful Successful n. 成功的，一帆风顺的Phrases: Phrases: successful in 在成功的Others: Others

16、: Success n. 成功Succeed v. 成功Succession n. 连续；继位；继承权Successor n. 继承者Following Following adj. 下面的；其次的，接着的n. 下列事物；一批追随者v. 跟随；沿行（follow的ing形式）prep. 在之后，接着Phrases: Phrases: in the following 在下面；在下文中 immediately following 紧跟着 following system 跟踪系统 following in order 循序 PatientPatientadj.1. 忍耐的；容忍的 2. 坚忍的；

17、耐心的 3. 沉着的；不急躁的 4. 耐心等待的；显出有耐心的 5. 勤快的；孜孜不倦的n. 1.病人；患者 2. 受动着；承受者Phrases: Phrases: patient of 能忍受 patient with 对有耐心 patient care 病患照顾 mental patient 精神病人 alonealoneadj. 1. 孤零的，孤单的 2. 单独的；孤独的adv. 1. 孤零地，孤单地，孤独地 2. 单独地 3. 独自地；孤立无援地 4. 只，只有；仅仅Phrases: Phrases: let alone 更不必说；听任；不打扰 stand alone 孤立；独一无二

18、alone with 与一起 ExchangeExchangevt.1. 换，更换，调换，掉换：Most store will allow the customers to exchange their goods.大多数商店将允许顾客更换商品。2. 换回，换来，换取3. 把换成；用交换；兑换(for)Id like to exchange this dress for one in a smaller size.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的。4. 交换，互换，轮换 (with)：InquireInquirevt. 问，打听，询问vi.1. 问，打听，询问 2. 调查，查问(常与into连用)Phrases:Phrases:inquire into 调查，探究 inquire about 询问，查问；打听 inquire of 询问；打听 inquire for 求见；要找 inquire after 问候；询问起certaincertainadj.1. 确凿的，毫无疑问的 2. 确定的；固定的 3. 必定的，必然的 4. 可靠的，可信赖 的pron. 某些；某几个Phrases:Phrases:a certain extent 一定程度上 a certain degree 到某种程度 for certain 肯定地；确凿地 certain level