机电行业基础英语下册

1、书名：机电行业基础英语ISBN： 978-7-111-34099-7作者：冯宜丽出版社：机械工业出版社本书配有电子课件机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件 Introduction to Mechanical Design 上册机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件TEACHING OBJECTIVETextThemeIntroduction to Mechanical Design Vocabularyoriginal, conception, innovative, previously, incorporate, identify, fundamental, assurance,

2、clingCollocationfor the purpose of, in terms of, for the sake ofGrammarOnly if (inverted order)Translation SkillsLanguage style of English scientific articles机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件LISTENINGListen to a short dialogue and complete the following

3、 tasks.Fill in the following blanks with what you have heard.M: You are not happy, are you?W: No.M: _ you unhappy? W: My parents.M: Why? I guess they must love you very much.W: But they always want me to do _ regardless of my feeling, just because Im the only child _.What makeswhat they wish in the

4、family 机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件M: Oh, I see. There is generation gap between your parents and you.W: What is a generation gap?M: It _ a lack of understanding between parents and child.W: Thats true. I dont think they understand me.M: But have you ever _ understand them.W: Maybe not much. refers to tried

5、 toLISTENING机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件Listen to a short passage and questions designed, then decide on the correct answers from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).1. A) Friendly to the environment. B) Green in color. C) Clean and fresh. D) Tasty.Key1. What does the word “green” mean in the passage?

6、ALISTENING机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件2. A) Two adults. B) Five adults. C) Forty per cent of adults. D) All adults.Key2. How many people consider the environmental safety of a product before they buy it?C机电行业基础英语 高职高专 ppt 课件3. A) Choose green products. B) Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it. C) Dem

7、and that the products should be safe for the environment. D) Consider the environmental safety of a product before buying it.Key3. What is the customers old attitude toward the products they buy?BScript Today more and more consumers are choosing “green” products and demanding that the products they

8、buy should be safe for the environment. Before they buy a product, they ask questions like these, “Will this shampoo damage the environment?” “Can this metal container be reused or can it only be used once?” A recent study showed that two out of five adults now consider the environmental safety of a

9、 product before they buy it. This means that companies must now change the way they make and sell their products to make sure that they are “green”, that is, friendly to environment. The concern for a safer and cleaner environment is making companies rethink how they do business. No longer will the

10、public accept the old attitude of “Buy it, use it, throw it away, and forget it.” The public pressure is on, and gradually business is cleaning up its act. Listen to another passage. At the end of the passage you will hear three questions. Choose the best answers.1. A. Its an initial phase. B. Its a

11、 separate phase. C. It need not be an initial and separate phase.Key1. Whats the position of the creative phase in the process of analyses?CLISTENING2. A. the improvement of the specifications or the arrangements B. the conception and perfection of products C. solving problemsKey2. In which aspect c

12、an an analyst take the broader view? A3. A. He is responsible for the whole design B. He is able to conceive of alternatives. C. He is able to give the correct answer to a problem.Key3. What can an analyst do since he will be familiar with the device in his analysis?BScript Applied with a creative a

13、ttitude, analyses can lead to important improvements and to the conception and perfection of alternate, perhaps more functional, economical, and durable products. The creative phase need not be an initial and separate one. Although he may not be responsible for the whole design, an analyst can contr

14、ibute more than the numerically correct answer to a problem that he is asked to solve more than the values of stress, dimensions, or limitations of operation. He can take the broader view that the specifications or the arrangements may be improved. Since he will become familiar with the device and i

15、ts conditions of operation before or during his analysis, he is in a good position to conceive of alternatives. 运用创造性的态度进行的分析可以引起重大改进以及对备用产品的构思和完善，也许产品功能更多、更经济、更耐用。创造阶段无须是最初和独立的阶段。虽然分析人员可能并不负责整个设计，但是他不仅仅是能从数字上提出要他解决的问题的正确答案，不仅仅是给出应力值、尺寸或者工作限制。他可以提出更广泛的见解，以便改进规范或方案。由于在分析前或分析过程中，他会熟悉装置及其工作条件，他就处于一个构思备

16、选方案的有利位置。译文：Listen to an uncompleted passage for three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the 8 blanks with what you have heard. Finally when the passage is re

17、ad for the third time, you should check what you have written. In contrast to scientific problems, design problems have no unique answers. A “good” answer today may well (1) _ to be a “poor” one tomorrow if there is a growth of knowledge during the period, or if there are other (2) _ or societal cha

18、nges. turn out structuralLISTENING In engineering, the word “design” (3) _ different meanings to different persons. Some think of a designer as one who (4) _ the drawing board to draft the details of a gear, clutch, or other machine member. Others think of design as the creation of a (5) _ system, s

19、uch as a communications network. In some areas of engineering, the word design (6) _, such as systems engineering or applied decision theory. has been replaced by other termscomplexemploys conveys But (7) _ the design function, in engineering it is still the process in which scientific principles an

20、d the tools of engineering mathematics, computers, graphics, and English are used to produce a plan which, (8) _.when carried out, will satisfy a human need no matter what words are used to describe 译文：n与科学问题相反，设计问题的答案不是惟一的。今天的一个“好”的答案，如果在此阶段认识有了发展，或者如果出现了其他结构或社会的变化，明天大概就成为一个“差”的答案。n工程上的“设计”这个词对于不同的

21、人有着不同的涵义。一些人认为设计师就是使用绘图板绘制齿轮、离合器或机器零件详图的人。而其他一些人则把设计看做是研制一个像通讯网络这样复杂的系统。在工程的某些领域，“设计”这个词已被系统工程或实用决策理论这样一些术语取代。但是，不论使用什么词来阐述设计功能，它仍然是这样一个过程：运用科学原理和工程工具（包括教学、计算机、制图学与英语）制定一个在付诸实施后将满足人们需要的方案。Task 1Read the following sounds and words aloud, and compare them.VowelsConsonants/e /menbegbed/f /safefineferry

22、/ /manbagbad/v /savevinevery/ /mapbagfax/b /betboatbest/ /mopbogfox/v /vetvotevest3All that glitters is not gold. 闪光的东西并不一定都是金子。 All things are difficult before they are easy. 万事开头难。An empty sack cannot stand upright. 有理走遍天下，无理寸步难行。proverbs and sayingsproverbs and sayingsRead the following proverbs

23、and sayings, and practice more.Task 2A big black bear sat on a big black bug. A big black bug bit a big black bear and made the big black bear bleed blood. Tongue TwistersTongue TwistersRead the following tongue twisters, and practice more.Task 3SongSongAppreciate the song, and learn to sing by your

24、self.Task 4 Dear Heart Dear heart wish you were here to warm this night My dear heart, seems like a year since youve been out of my sight A single room, a table for one Its a lonesome town all right But soon Ill kiss you hello at our front door And dear heart I want you to know Ill leave your arms n

25、ever more (A single room, a table for one) Its a lonesome town all right But soon Ill kiss you hello at our front door And dear heart I want you to know Ill leave your arms never more Engineering Materialsn1 Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved pro

26、ducts for the purpose of satisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture, marketing

27、 and use of the product.original:adj. 最初的，原始的；新颖的，有独创性的 e.g.I prefer your original plan to this one. 我认为你原来的计划比这个好。The original owner of the house moved out. 房子原先的主人搬出去了。Engineering Materialsn1 Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved products for the

28、purpose of satisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture, marketing and use of th

29、e product.conception ：n. 概念，观念;构思，设想 e.g.I have no conception of what you mean. 我想不出你的意思是什么。Hes got a pretty strange conception of friendship. 他对友谊有一种非常独特的见解。Engineering Materialsn1 Mechanical design is the application of science and technology to devise new or improved products for the purpose of s

30、atisfying human needs. It is a vast field of engineering technology which not only concerns itself with the original conception of the product in terms of its size, shape and construction details, but also considers the various factors involved in the manufacture, marketing and use of the product.in

31、 terms of ：as regards 就.而言，在.方面 e.g. Staying up late makes him at his worst in terms of physical situation. 熬夜使得他的体力状况处于低潮。 It is wrong to try to judge happiness in terms of worldly success. 试图以世间的成功来判断幸福是错误的。Engineering Materials 机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品，满足人类机械设计是一门通过设计新产品或者改进老产品，满足人类需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术

32、的各个领域，主要研究产需求的应用技术科学。它涉及工程技术的各个领域，主要研究产品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、品的尺寸、形状和详细结构的基本构思，还要研究产品在制造、销售和使用等方面的问题。销售和使用等方面的问题。 译文译文Engineering Materialsn2 People who perform the various functions of mechanical design are typically called designers, or design engineers. Mechanical design is basically a crea

33、tive activity. However, in addition to being innovative, a design engineer must also have a solid background in the areas of mechanical drawing, kinematics, dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes.innovative :adj. 革新的，创新的 e.g.I worked in a very innovative c

34、ompany. 我在一家非常富有创新精神的公司工作。Engineering Materialsn2 People who perform the various functions of mechanical design are typically called designers, or design engineers. Mechanical design is basically a creative activity. However, in addition to being innovative, a design engineer must also have a solid

35、background in the areas of mechanical drawing, kinematics, dynamics, materials engineering, strength of materials and manufacturing processes.solid: adj. 坚固的；结实的e.g.on solid ground 在牢固的基础上 built on solid foundations 在坚实的地基上建造的Engineering Materials 进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人进行各种机械设计工作的人员通常被称为设计人员或者设计工程师。机

36、械设计是一项创造性的工作。员或者设计工程师。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创新性，还必须在机械设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创新性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、动力学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制图、运动学、动力学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺等方面具有深厚的基础知识。制造工艺等方面具有深厚的基础知识。译文译文Engineering Materials 3 As stated previously, the purpose of mechanical design is to produce a product which will serve a need for man

37、. Inventions, discoveries and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people; only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular product is designed.incorp

38、orate: vt. 包括，包含; 合并 e.g.Many of your suggestions have been incorporated in the new plan. 你的很多建议已经被纳入新计划中。The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features. 新的汽车设计具备最新安全措施的一切特点。Engineering Materialsn3 As stated previously, the purpose of mechanical design is to produce a product which w

39、ill serve a need for man. Inventions, discoveries and scientific knowledge by themselves do not necessarily benefit people; only if they are incorporated into a designed product will a benefit be derived. It should be recognized, therefore, that a human need must be identified before a particular pr

40、oduct is designed.identify: vt. 识别，鉴定 She identified that the man was her attacker. 她认出那个男人就是袭击过她的人。vi.认同，感同身受 I found it hard to identify with any of the characters in the film. 我对这部影片里的任何角色都难以认同。Engineering Materials 如前面所述，机械设计的目的是生产满足人类需求的产品。发如前面所述，机械设计的目的是生产满足人类需求的产品。发明、发现和科学知识本身并不一定能给人类带来益处，只有当

41、它明、发现和科学知识本身并不一定能给人类带来益处，只有当它们被用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定产们被用在产品上才能产生效益。因而，应该认识到在一个特定产品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。品进行设计之前，必须先确定人们是否需要这种产品。译文译文Engineering Materialsn4 Mechanical design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product, to analyze the sys

42、tem and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured. It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations. There are no facts or equations which alone can be used to provide all the correct decisions required to produce a

43、good design. On the other hand, any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision. For example, if a decimal point is misplaced, an otherwise acceptable design may not function.fundamental: n. 基本原理，基本规则 If you two are going to marry, I advise that you need to know the fundamental

44、s of cooking. 如果你们要结婚的话，我建议你们了解烹调的基本知识。 adj. 基本的，根本的，重要的There is a fundamental difference in attitude between these two politicians. 这两位政治家的态度有着根本的区别。Engineering Materialsn4 Mechanical design should be considered to be an opportunity to use innovative talents to envision a design of a product, to an

45、alyze the system and then make sound judgments on how the product is to be manufactured. It is important to understand the fundamentals of engineering rather than memorize mere facts and equations. There are no facts or equations which alone can be used to provide all the correct decisions required

46、to produce a good design. On the other hand, any calculations made must be done with the utmost care and precision. For example, if a decimal point is misplaced, an otherwise acceptable design may not function.utmost: adj. 极度的，最远的The meeting was arranged with the utmost secrecy. 会议绝对保密。This is an is

47、sue of the utmost importance. 这是一个极为重要的问题。n. 极限，最大可能She does her utmost to please her parents. 她竭尽全力使父母高兴。Engineering Materials 应当把机械设计看成设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设应当把机械设计看成设计人员运用创造性的才能进行产品设计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺的一个良机。掌握工程基础计、系统分析和制定产品的制造工艺的一个良机。掌握工程基础知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是知识要比熟记一些数据和公式更为重要。仅仅使用数据和公式是不足以在一个好的

48、设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应不足以在一个好的设计中做出所需的全部决定的。另一方面，应该认真精确地进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放该认真精确地进行所有运算。例如，即使将一个小数点的位置放错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。错，也会使正确的设计变成错误的。译文译文Engineering Materialsn5 Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the

49、 existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expended. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to

50、 familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. reinstate: vt. 使复位，恢复 e.g. His supporters failed in their attempt

51、 to reinstate the President in the White House. 他的支持者试图使总统重新入主白宫的努力失败了。Engineering Materialsn5 Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patienc

52、e, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort expended. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should c

53、onstantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated. thrust: v. push suddenly or forcefully 推挤 e.g. My objections were thrust aside. 我提出的异议被置之一旁。 We thrust our way through the crowd. 我们用力

54、挤过人群。Engineering Materialsn5 Good designs require trying new ideas and being willing to take a certain amount of risk, knowing that if the new idea does not work the existing method can be reinstated. Thus a designer must have patience, since there is no assurance of success for the time and effort

55、expended. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside. This is not easy since many people cling to familiar ideas, techniques and attitudes. A design engineer should constantly search for ways to improve an existing product and must

56、decide what old, proven concepts should be used and what new, untried ideas should be incorporated.cling: vi. 粘紧，附着，紧贴e.g.He clung to my arm. 他紧抓着我的胳膊。Little children always cling to their mothers. 小孩子总是紧依着母亲。Engineering Materials 一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一一个好的设计人员应该勇于提出新的想法，而且愿意承担一定的风险；当新的方法不适用时，就恢

57、复采用原来的方法。因此，定的风险；当新的方法不适用时，就恢复采用原来的方法。因此，设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带设计人员必须要有耐心，因为所花费的时间和努力并不能保证带来成功。一个全新的设计，要求摒弃许多陈旧的、为人们所熟知来成功。一个全新的设计，要求摒弃许多陈旧的、为人们所熟知的方法。由于许多人易于墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事的方法。由于许多人易于墨守成规，这样做并不是一件容易的事情。一位设计工程师应该不断地探索改进现有产品的办法，在此情。一位设计工程师应该不断地探索改进现有产品的办法，在此过程中应该认真选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过程中应该认真

58、选择原有的、经过验证的设计原理，将其与未经过验证的新观念结合起来。过验证的新观念结合起来。译文译文Engineering Materialsn6 New designs generally have “bugs” or unforeseen problems which must be worked out before the superior characteristics of the new designs can be enjoyed. Thus there is a chance for a superior product, but only at higher risk. It

59、 should be emphasized that, if a design does not warrant radical new methods, such methods should not be applied merely for the sake of change.warrant: vt. 保证，担保；证明有理、恰当 e.g.The trouble isnt over yet, Ill warrant you. 麻烦事并没有完，我可以给你打包票。That does not warrant you in doing so. 那并不表明你有理由这样做。 Engineering

60、Materials 新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这新设计本身会有许多缺陷和未能预料的问题发生，只有当这些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此，些缺陷和问题被解决之后，才能体现出新产品的优越性。因此， 个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强个性能优越的产品诞生的同时，也伴随着较高的风险。应该强调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅调的是，如果设计本身不要求采用全新的方法，就没有必要仅仅为了变革的目的而采用新办法。为了变革的目的而采用新办法。译文译文Practice Using the Right Word Fill in t