现在完成时的趣味讲解

1、现在完成时01.意义：9个字已完成持续性影响性已完成 指现在看来，已经完成的事情1 have finished iny horn ework!我作业写完啦！持续性 指动作发生在过去，并持续了一段时间Tony has lived here for ten years.托尼在这儿住了 10年。他10年前搬进这个小区I至今有10年 影口向性指动作发生在过去，井对现在产生影响I have lost my wallet. Can you lend me 10 bucks?我钱包丢了。借我块好伐？因为我丢了钱包,所以现在没有钱回家T得问你要钱钱。02.结构从上面3个例句，可见现在完成时的结构：have/h

2、as +过去分词用have还是has,就看主语是单数还是复数。原则是保持：主谓一致下面，根据提示，将下列句子变为现在完成时。1) We(discuss) this issue a few times.2) Tom and Jerry(know) each other since they were at primaryschool.3) Dad(just take) the medic ine.4) She (not hear) from him.5) you(see) Tony today?03.常用时间状语及其位置for + 段时间since +过去时间点alreadyjuststilly

3、etup till nowso fara few times> >対比for和sin«的用渣Trevor came io lhe liny Pacific island u)carTrevor has Livcd|on the tiny Pacific island for & year.Trevorfhas livedon the tiny Pacific island since a year 汁屮.Trevor has lived on the tiny Pacific island since it dime herea >car ago.【for

4、+ 一段时间】指持续了一段时间。【since +过去的时间点/过去的事件】指从过去的某个时间点，一直延续到现在。forsincea period of 廿nwa point in pa?t time 20 minutE6.1Spmthree daysMonday6 monthsJanuary4 years1994Xren tunes1800a long lime1 left school注：ago多久之前”，只能用于一般过去时。>> already/ just/ still/ yet 的位置观察例句，总结规律：I e alreadj finished my homework. 已经

5、1 have just Gnishcdl my homework. 刚刚lltill have not finished my homework* 仍然1 haven't finished, my homework yet. 仍然Have you finished your homework yet?. ""L 仍然Irvady位于hzw donci间用于肯定句justsii位于hmc done之前用十舌工句yc(位于句未用于否逹句、疑问句>>现在完成时不跟过去具体时间连用体会一下：I have walked the dog.我遛过狗子了。可以表示：你不

6、用再遛啦I have walked the dog yesterday.昨天我已经遛过狗子？ ？1） 表示过去某个时间发生的事情，只能用一般过去时：I walked the dog yesterday.我昨天遛了狗子。（仅仅表达昨天、我、遛狗这件事，和现在没有关系）2）如果是未完成的时间，比如 today, this year, this month, this week这 类，可以用现在完成时。I have walked the dog twice today.今天我遛了狗子两次。（today是还没有结束的时间， 用have done表示 已 完成”）04.难点1） have been &a

7、mp; have gonehave been 去过”have gone已经去了，还没有回来”。>> Tony has been to Japa n twice.托尼去过日本两次。（可能是去拜师学艺）>> Tony has gone to Japa n.托尼已经去日本了。（下次再来剪头，托尼这会不在呢！）>> Where have you been?你去哪儿了？（你已经回来）>> Where have you gone?你去哪儿了？（你不在身边）2）短暂性动作 f持续性动作短暂性动作，就是很短暂的、一瞬间就结束的动作，不能持续一段时间。比如起床ge

8、t up,眼睛一睁，起床的动作就完成了；再比如 die,断气的一 瞬间就死透了。相反，可以延续的动作，比如你可以不带喘气地打 3小时王者、跑5公里路、 写8000字论文、睡到第二天下午 这些play, run, write, sleep等动作, 就是持续性动作。在现在完成时中，短暂性动词不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用（因为短）：Tony has arrived in Japa n for a few days.下飞机那刻就算到了，不跟for连用。The woma n has left since her husba nd was sent to pris on.跑路也就是买个票走人的事情，短暂性

9、动作，不跟since 连用。My rabbit has died for a week.die指断气的那一瞬间，不跟 for 连用。表示一段时间的状态，必须用持续性的动作。所以，上面的句子应该改为：Tony has been in Japan for a few days*I he woman has been av since her hiisbandwas sent to prison.My rabbit lias been dead for a week.在现在完成时里，短暂性动词 T延续性动词，有几组常用的，必须背的啊：arrive have bee n heredie have be

10、e n deadleave have bee n awayfinish have bee n overborrow have keptbuy have had课后练习提醒：现在完成时、一般过去时均有。建议拿出纸笔写下答案，做完后统一 对答案。Mary Morris(apply) for her passport last mon th because she willsoon be leav ing on a trip that she(dream) about for many years.She(work) as a recepti onist at Ardmore's Trave

11、l Age ncy for tenyears. All this time, she has been looking at pictures of exotic places on the wall and pla nning trips for others. For this reas on she(decide) to takean overseas trip herself.After she(pla n) her trip, she(make) her pla neflights and(reserve) hotel rooms. Mary doesn' t have to

12、 pay forher pla ne tickets because she(work) at the travel age ncy for solong.She(want) take this trip for a long time, but each year her boss(can cel) her vacati on because some one else(be) on vacati on or some one(quit).Mary(hear) about many excit ing vacati ons over the years. Herboss, Ben,(go) to Japa n,