大学英语综合新版第四册讲稿Unit1

1、大学英语综合教案第1次课 第1-2课时课目第1章，第1-2节教学目的和要求l To understand: How to express some natural disasters in Englishl To master: The main idea of Text A of this Unit.l To be familiar with: The text organization and background information of Napoleon Bonaparte and Adolf Hitler重点难点l Key Points:1. The text organizat

2、ion and the background information of Napoleon Bonaparte and Adolf Hitlerl Difficult Points:1. Discussion about “Which is more powerful, man or nature?”教学进程I. Lead-in (1 period)1. Introductory remarks: some natural disasters e.g. flood, storm, tsunami tsju:na:mi (海啸)，sand storm, drought, earthquake,

3、 avalanche（雪崩）, mud-rock flow泥石流2. Discussion: Man or nature, which is more powerful? Ss are divided into two groups: One group lists instances where man conquers nature; the other group comes up with cases where the forces of nature are too powerful to be resisted. Some key words such as the artifi

4、cial rainfall, the landing on the moon, flood, earthquake, tsunami may help you finish the discussion.Several Ss from both groups report their respective lists to class.3. Introduction of Background information 1) Throughout the history of mankind, there have been many conquerors. Chengis Khan spent

5、 his entire life conquering neighboring peoples and expanding the Mongolian Empire. Many Roman Emperors did the same for the Rome empireso much so that at one time they ruled modern-day Great Britain. Both the Mongolian and Roman Empires had their rise and fall in the distant past. Yet if we want to

6、 examine conquerors, there is no need to go back that far. This text will focus on Napoleon and Hitler. 2) Napoleon Bonaparte: emperor of the French, who consolidated and institutionalized many reforms of the French Revolution. One of the greatest military commanders of all time, he conquered the la

7、rger part of Europe. During 1802- 1815 Napoleon tried to gain control of the whole of Europe. He had great success against all his enemies except Britain. In 1812 Napoleon lost half a million men when he invaded Russia in winter, and in 1814 the British, Russians, Prussians and Austrians entered Par

8、is. They sent Napoleon to rule the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, but he collected an army around him and returned to Paris. He was soon defeated again, at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815, and was sent to the island of St Helena in the south Atlantic, where he died in 1821.1) Adolf Hitler: Germ

9、an political and military leader and one of the 20th centurys most powerful dictators. Hitler converted Germany into a fully militarized society and launched World War II in 1939.4) Joseph Stalin: general secretary of the Communist Party of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) (1922- 1953)

10、 and chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1941- 1953) . Under his leadership the USSR was built into a modern economic and military power that repelled Hitlers armies in World War II and rivaled the United States during the Cold War period.5）World War (1939-1945)：A war whose European op

11、erations took place between the Axis powers (Germany, Italy and Japan) and the Allies (Britain, France, and later the USSR and the USA).6) Napoleon's Invasion of Russia, 1812 (show the picture to Ss): The map, based on the 1869 chart by Minard, graphically illustrates (both literally and figurat

12、ively) how the size of the French army dwindled during the march into Russia and was reduced to almost nothing on the wretched rout back into Poland. The map can be read in several ways. The size of the peach colored bar indicates the relative strength of the French army during the march on Moscow.

13、The black bar shows the dwindling French army during the retreat. In the lower portion of the map, the temperature in degrees Celcius is shown, along with dates during the retreat. (Teaching Method: communication, discussion，presentation, explanation)II. Text Study1. Global understanding (1 period)A

14、. Text Organization1）T draws Ss attention to the subtitles in the text, then leads them through Text Organization Exercise 1. In this way Ss will have a better understanding of the text structure.- The text can be divided into four parts, as can be easily seen from the subtitles provided by the auth

15、or.Part One (Paras 1-2) Part Two (Paras 3-11)Part Three (Paras 12-20)Part Four (Para 21)2) True or False questions: a. “The Icy Defender” refers to the Russian river. ( F ) It refers to the bleak Russian winter. b. Napoleon and his troops gained the quick victory in Russia as they had expected. ( F

16、) To Napoleons surprise, the Russians refused to stand and fight. They retreated eastward, burning their crops and homes as they went. c. Napoleon didnt capture the capital of Russia. ( F ) Napoleon captured the capital of Russia: Moscow d. Hitler began an invasion of the Soviet Union that was the l

17、argest military land campaign in history. ( T ) e. German troops adopted scorch-earth policy when they entered Russia. ( F ) Stalin instructed the Russian people to burn and destroy farms and factories. f. Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the strong resistance from the Russian people.( F )

18、 Hitler failed to capture Moscow because of the severe winter in Russia.作业Assignments 1. Discuss content questions on P102. Finish the exercise about text organization on P11参考资料1.大学英语综合教程教师用书，上海外语教育出版社，2010年7月第2版2.大学英语课文辅导，中国致公出版社，2008年6月第二版3. 4. 5.总结分析通过本次课的学习，学生应了解到如果用英语表达一些人为不可抗拒的自然灾害，并熟悉有关课文内容的

19、背景知识，同时通过快速阅读以及课后作业掌握本篇文章的篇章结构。大学英语综合教案第2次课 第3-4课时课目第1章，第3-4节教学目的和要求l To understand: Some detailed information about Napoleons campaign and Hitlers invasion in the textl To master: A comparison and contrast between Napoleons invasion of Russia and Hitlers invasion of Soviet Union;l To be familiar wi

20、th: The method to make a comparison and contrast in narrative writing重点难点l Key Points:1. A comparison and contrast between Napoleons invasion of Russia and Hitlers invasion of Soviet Union; l Difficult Points:1. Comprehension and discussion of the text教学进程I. Text Study1. In-depth reading)A. Comparis

21、on-and-Contrast of the Two Invasions (1 period) Invading countryFranceGermanyCountry invadedRussiaSoviet UnionStarter of warNapoleonHitlerStarting timeSpring, 1812June 22, 1941PredictionQuick victoryLightning warCapture of the capitalyesNoTruce offerBy Napoleon, being rejected by CzarNoBiggest enemy

22、 for the invading forceSnow, freezing temperatureHeavy rain, snow, freezing coldnessB. Comprehension and discussion of the text (1 period) 1) What happened to Napoleons army when it was retreating from Moscow?-The Russians launched hit-and-run attacks on the French from fields and forests. On the ot

23、her hand, the temperature dropped to minus 4 degrees Celsius and Napoleons army didnt have enough clothes, food and shelter. 2) Why didnt the Russian people defend their homeland in the face of Napoleons offensive? -They would like to take advantage of their nature situation to fight for them. 3) Wh

24、at tactics did Hitler use in the invasion of the Soviet Union?- He planned to use the blitzkrieg, or “lightning war”, tactics that had defeated the rest of Europe. 4) What was the significance of the battle of Stalingrad?-It was one of the most important battles. It ended Germanys ongoing offensive

25、against the Soviet Union and along with the second Battle of El Alamein paved the way for Nazi Germanys eventual defeat. 5) What conclusion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns?-The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.（Teaching Method: Invi

26、te some pairs of students. One of Ss asks questions and the other answers. Teacher gives feedback.)作业Assignments 1. Finish Cloze One on P19参考资料1.大学英语综合教程教师用书，上海外语教育出版社，2010年7月第2版2.大学英语课文辅导，中国致公出版社，2008年6月第二版3. 4. 5.总结分析运用对比和对照的方法来描述拿破仑入侵俄罗斯以及希特勒进攻苏联这两大战役。通过对比这两个发生在不同时期的战役的相同点和不同点，并通过课文的学习了解到，不尊重自然规律

27、人类活动都面临着失败的危险并将付出惨重的代价。通过本次课的学习，学生应对课文中有关拿破仑和希特勒的两次战役有了更深入，更细节化的了解。 大学英语综合教案第3次课 第5-6课时课目第1章，第5-6节教学目的和要求l To understand: The language points in difficult sentences including “to+ones+n.” and the location expression; l To master: The use of“Verb+adj”;l To be familiar with: Independent genitive struc

28、ture;重点难点l Key Points:1. Study on language points in difficult sentences of text Al Difficult Points:2. Comprehension of Independent genitive structure教学进程I. Text Study1. In-depth readingA. Comprehension of difficult sentences (1.5 period) Difficult sentences in Part I Para1: But he was not prepared

29、 for the devastating enemy that met in Moscow-the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.The difference between prepare for and be prepared forThat clause: attributive clause, modifying enemythe raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter: used as apposition of enemyPara2: In 1941, Adolf Hitler, leader of Nazi Ger

30、many, as Russian then was called.as Russian then was called: non restrictive attributive clause, referring to Soviet Union.leader of Nazi Germany: used as apposition of Adolf HitlerDifficult sentences in Part IIPara4: To his surprise, the Russian refused to stand and fight. Instead, they retreated e

31、astward, burning their crops and homes as they went.to+ abstract nounburning their crops and homes as they went: present participle phrase, used as adverbial of accompany (see exercise on P19-20)Para6: By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four Russians lay dead or wounded on the battlefiel

32、d.dead or wounded: adjective phrase used as adverbial of accompany, explaining the meaning of “lay”Paraphrase: By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four Russians, who were dead or wounded, lay on the battlefield.Or: By nightfall, thirty thousand French and forty-four Russians lay and were

33、dead or wounded on the battlefield.Step 2 PracticeT checks Ss understanding of these two partsContent Questions in part IQ1: What did Napoleon prepare when he assembled his army to attack Russia?Q2: What did Hitler expect when he launched an attack against Soviet Union?Content Questions in part IIQ3

34、: What Did Napoleon predict?Q4: What did the Russians do in the face of Napoleons attack? What strategies did the Russians adopt?Q5: What did Napoleon discover after he occupied Moscow?Q6: What is the result of Grand Army?Q7: What did Napoleon do when Paris was captured?Conclusion of learning Part I

35、 and Part IIPart I: Introduction: Both Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter. Part II: Napoleons military campaign against RussiaStep 1 Detailed Study of Part Three and FourT explains language points in Part III and Part IV (see Page 5-7)Diffic

36、ult sentences in Part III and IVPara12: To the east of Hitlers German empire was the, Hitler began an invasion of . that was the largest in history.To the east of is used to show the direction(a. 表达东，西，南，北的具体方位时，如果A地在B地的范围之内，用介词“in”(b. 如果A在B的范围之外且不接壤，则用介词“to”(c. 如果A与B接壤，且A在B范围之外，则用介词“on“(d. 表示A地的东南西

37、北，则用the east/south/west/north of A表示（see exercise on P20）That clause: attributive clause, modifying invasionPara12: Confident of a quick victory, Hitler expected than 3 months.Confident of is an adjective phrase used as adverbial of reasonStep 2 Practice (15minutes)T checks Ss understanding of these

38、 two partsContent Questions in part IIIQ1: When did Hitler begin his invasion of Soviet Union?Q2: What did Starlin do in the face of German invasion?Q3: What made the German offensive come to a halt?Q4: What was the significance of the battle of Starlingrad?Content Questions in part IVQ: What conclu

39、sion does the author draw from Napoleons and Hitlers military campaigns?Conclusion of learning Part III and Part IVPart III: Hitlers military campaign against the Soviet UnionPart IV: Conclusion- The elements of nature must be reckoned with in any military campaign.B. Sentence structure: (0.5 period

40、)Napoleon abdicated and went into exile, his empire at an end.-The part underlined is a independent genitive structuren/pronoun+non-finite verb (to do, doing, done)/adj./adv./prep./n.Our minds being emancipated, we could make the best success.She looked at him expectedly, her eyes full of excitement

41、 and curiosity.作业Assignments 1. Finish the exercise of Usage on P18参考资料1.大学英语综合教程教师用书，上海外语教育出版社，2010年7月第2版2.大学英语课文辅导，中国致公出版社，2008年6月第二版3. 4. 5.总结分析通过本节课的学习，学生应对课文内容出现的长难句和语言点有所理解并掌握相关的语言点，做到举一反三。并通过课堂活动对独立结构的句型这个知识点得以运用于实际，最后通过相关课后练习巩固知识点。大学英语综合教案第4次课 第7-8课时课目第1章，第7-8节教学目的和要求l To understand: The mai

42、n idea and detailed information of Part 2& Part 3; l To master: Useful expressions of TextA in this unit;l To be familiar with: new vocabulary and expressions of text A and Ss are expected to master the blackened one.重点难点l Key Points:1. Study on new vocabulary and expressions of text Al Difficul

43、t Points:1. Comprehension and retelling Part 2& Part 3教学进程I. Text Study1. In-depth readingA. Key words and expressions (1period) The key words' learning: in the case of : as far asis concerned 至于；就来说The rise in interest rate will be disastrous in the case of small firms.利率增加对小公司来说是大祸临头。Forma

44、l training will take at least 3 years in the case of interior decoration.Compare in any case: whatever happens or may have happened 无论如何; 总之 in case of sth: if sth happens 假如 in no case: in no circumstances 无论如何决不 in that case: if that happens or has happened 既然那样; 假若是那样的话stand/ get/ be in the way:

45、prevent from doing sth. 挡道; 防碍Many teachers complain that they cant make any improvement in teaching methods as the existing exam system is in the way.许多老师抱怨，由于现有考试体系的妨碍，他们无法改进教学方法。I dont think kids have as much fun as we used to. Fierce competition keeps getting in the way of their development.我觉得现

46、在的孩子不像我们过去能有那么多的乐趣。激烈的竞争总是在阻碍他们的发展。看来这只狗挡着道了。Im afraid this dog is in the way.launch vt. 1) send sth. on its course 发射;送上轨道launch a satellite/ missile 发射卫星/ 导弹Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.On October 4,1957, Soviet scientists launched the worlds first

47、artificial satellite, called Sputnik.2) start 开始推出; 发起攻击 launch an attack ( against the enemy) The company is launching a new model next month. 下月公司将推出新型号产品。3) launch a new warship 新军舰下水be/ get bogged down: be unable to make progress 汽车陷入泥沼之中。The car got bogged down in the mud.我们的讨论纠缠在无关紧要的细节上。Our d

48、iscussion got bogged down in irrelevant detail. take a gamble: take a risk The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off (it paid off means it was financially successful).公司冒险将产品销价出售, 结果赢利。 我认为他把所有的钱投在股票上是在冒险. I think he is taking a gamble investing all her money

49、in stocks. press on/ ahead (with sth): continue doing sth in a determined way (不顾困难)继续进行 各高校都在竭力实施教学改革。 Universities are keen to press on with educational reform. 我们要不失时机地加紧进行这项工程。 We must press on with the project without wasting time.bide ones time : wait patiently for a chanceHe bided his time un

50、til Harvard University offered him a professorship. 他正在等待升职的有利时机。He is biding his time for a promotion.drag on: move slowly and with effort; continue endlessly and tediously 这个案子已经拖了一年了。The case have already dragged on for one year. 这个会议还要进行多久啊?How much longer is the meeting going to drag on? 我们的讨论纠

51、缠在无关紧要的细节上。 catch sb off guard: take sb by surprise 趁某人不备The invitation to his wedding caught me off guard.I didnt know what to say. It was clear that his question had caught me off guard.我不知道该说些什么。很显然他的问题使我措手不及。 compare be on ones guard against sth. 保持警惕 put sb. on his guard 使某人提防 instruct v. 1) gi

52、ve orders or directions to instruct sb to do sth; instruct sb that 我奉命在这里等老师来。 Ive been instructed to wait here until the teacher arrives.2) teach sb. instruct sb in sth 他们教给了我做这项工作的最好办法。They instructed me in the best ways of doing the job.raw：未煮过的，生的；未经训练的；未加工的 raw material 原料 rawhide n. 生皮 raw dat

53、a/ statistics 原始数据/ 统计资料 a raw February morning 二月里一个阴冷的早晨 render : cause sb/sth to be in a certain condition (same as make)使处于某种状态Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake.这次地震使好几百人无家可归。 The drug will render a man unconscious for up to two hours.这种药品可以使人失去知觉达两小时。 reckon v. count;

54、consider; think 计算;认为The existence of the U.S. is reckoned from the Declaration of Independence.美国的存在要从独立宣言算起。Many people reckon him to be a great basketball player. 许多人认为他是一个伟大的篮球运动员。Looking up at the sun, I reckoned that it must be about three oclock.be reckoned with: be taken into consideration A

55、ll these problems had to be reckoned with as they arose. 既然出现了, 这些问题就得考虑。 他是一个不可忽视的人物。 He is a man to be reckoned with.toll n. 1) loss or damage caused by sth伤亡人数; 损失; 毁坏 the death-toll in the earthquake, on the roads 地震, 交通事故的死亡人数2) money paid for the use of a road, bridge, harbor 使用费, 通行费, 停泊费 Each car must pay a toll to cross the bridge. toll-bridge n. 收费桥 to