2019全程备考二轮复习高三英语阅读理解专练(八)科学与技术附答案

1、阅读理解专练 （八） 科学与技术（限时 20 分钟 ）A（2018 ·泰安一模 ）The most powerful rocket to leave Earth since the Apollo missions launched （ 发射 ） from Florida on February 6.What was the launch trying to achieve?The Falcon （ 猎鹰） Heavy test flight was mostly a proof- of - concept, showing theworld it is possible to suc

2、cessfully fly a rocket with three re- usable boosters （ 助推器 ）beyond orbit.SpaceX billionaire Elon Musk said that the company planned to aim the rocket so the electric car reached Mars' orbital path around the sun about six months after launch.He added that the car could pass close to the red pla

3、net as it crossed its orbit，though he admitted this was “ extremely unlikely ”What does SpaceX gain from the flight?SpaceX was built around the idea that reusable rockets could greatly reduce the cost of carrying cargo （货物 ） into space for paying customers, such as satellitesor space station resuppl

4、ies.Showing that the huge Falcon Heavy rocket actually works is important if SpaceX plans to sell cargo space on the craft in future, with the company planning to charge customers D|S90 million per flight.Has SpaceX achieved its goals?Musk repeatedly warned Falcon Heavy would likely explode on the l

5、aunch station as a result of its huge power.SpaceX had sligHTKy overcooked one of the rocket's booster burns, sending the main capsule out of its planned track.The car will likely end up further into the solar system than intended, missing Mars.In short, the rocket made it beyond Earth's orb

6、it SpaceX's primary goalbut missed its targets to re-land all three boosters and send Musk's Tesla to Mars.Does that matter?SpaceX's failure to re- land all three of its boosters will be a concern for potential customers.Despite the faults, the launch has still been praised by industry e

7、xperts as a game - changer because of its potential to motivate the company to the very forefront of the modern day space race.Once it irons out the errors, SpaceX will offer cargo rides aboard the most powerful operational rocket in the world.语篇解读： SpaceX 旨在把电动汽车发送到火星的轨道路径上，虽然最终未完全实现目 标，但也完成了基本目标，把

8、该车发射到脱离地球轨道了。1 Why did SpaceX launch the Falcon Heavy the most powerful rocket?ATo fly a rocket with three re- usable boosters beyond orbit.B To test the function of his electric car Tesla.C To send the electric car to the orbital path of Mars.D To help the government to explore the Mars.解析：选 C 细节理解

9、题。根据文章第二段中的“SpaceX billionaire Elon Musk saidthat the company planned to aim the rocket so the electric car reached Mars' orbital path around the sun about six months after launch.”可知此次发射旨在把电动汽车发送到火星的轨道路径上。2 What effect will the reusable rockets bring?A The cost of satellites or space station re

10、supplies will be reduced.B More customers can afford the space flight in the future.C SpaceX will gain less profit from the flight.D They would likely cause explosion.解析：选B 推理判断题。 根据文章第五段的内容可知将来更多的客户会付得起太空飞 行的费用。3 What goal did SpaceX achieve in the last?A It sent the main capsule into its planned t

11、rack.B The car ended up further into the solar system as intended.C The rocket made the car beyond Earth's orbit.D It re - landed all three boosters and sent Musk's Tesla to Mars.解析：选 C 细节理解题。 根据文章第七段的内容可知 SpaceX 把电动汽车发射到脱离 地球轨道了。4 How would the professionals feel about the future of SpaceX?

12、A It's unexpected.B It's ambiguous.CIt's discouraging.D It's hopeful.解析：选 D 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“ Despite the faults, the launch has still been praised by industry experts as a game - changer because of its potential to motivate the company to the very forefront of the modern day space

13、race. ”可知专家们对 SpaceX 的将来感到很有希望。B（2018 ·石家庄质检）Flat Holm is a picturesque landmass located in Britain's Bristol Channel.The area's low energy needs have therefore been fulfilled by using old - fashioned solar panels （太阳能电池板 ） and diesel generators （柴油发电机 ） The beautiful island is now, how

14、ever, becoming increasingly popular with tourists wishing to explore the rural landscape and view the island's seabird colonies.Though this is welcome news, meeting the island's growing energy needs without damaging its environment has been a challenge.Flat Holm team leader Natalie Taylor sa

15、ys, “ It's really important that we have a really high functioning system.From an environmental point of view, we want to reduce the use of diesel generators so that we can have as small an ecological footprint as possible.Fortunately, UK - based startup Renovagen had the perfect solution.The co

16、mpany's Rapid Roll Solar PV system consists of flexible solar panels that can be unrolled like a carpet from a trailer （拖车 ） within two minutes and instantly put towork.According to the company, a small panel can provide 11kW of power.The technology is the brainchild of Renovagen's Managing

17、Director John Hingley, who came up with the idea after seeing something used as a backup battery for mobile devices about five years ago.In addition to being easy to unfold, the rollable panels are also more cost - effective to transport.Hingley says, “ Compared with traditional rigid panels, we can

18、 fit up to 10 times the power in this size container. ”The solar panel “ carpets ”， laid on the island in early October, are being usedto provide electricity for its pub and lighthouse.In addition to providing power for remote islands like Flat Holm, Hingley hopes the Rapid Roll technology will be u

19、seful in areas affected by natural disasters.A good example is Puerto Rico, where most people have been without electricity since Hurricane Maria destroyed the power lines.语篇解读： 本文是一篇说明文， 主要介绍了 Renovagen 公司发明的快速太阳能光伏系 统，这种系统不仅给 Flat Holm 带来了能源，还有利于保护它的环境。5 What leads to Flat Holm's increasing en

20、ergy needs?A Its growing number of tourists.B Its remote location.C The damage to its environment.D The power system failure.可知，游客解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知， Flat Holm 吸引了越来越多的游 客，再结合第二段中的“ Though this is welcome news, meeting the island's growing energy needs without damaging its environment has

21、been a challenge 的增多导致了 Flat Holm 日益增长的能源需求。6 Where does the difficulty lie to increase energy supply to Flat Holm?A Reusing diesel generators.B Protecting its environment.C Abandoning old solar panels.D Reducing the transport cost.解析：选 B 推理判断题。 根据第二段中的 “ without damaging its environment hasbeen a c

22、hallenge . From an environmental point of view, we want to reduce the use of diesel generators so that we can have as small an ecological footprint as possible ”可知，要增加 Flat Holm 的能源供应，困难在于保护环境。7 How do the new solar panels differ from the old ones?A They cost less.B They are smaller.C They are porta

23、ble.D They are hard to operate.解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“ The company's Rapid Roll Solar PV system consists of flexible solar panels that can be unrolled like a carpet from a trailer （ 拖车 ） within two minutes and instantly put to work”及第四段中的 “ In additionto being easy to unfold”“ Compared with tradit

24、ional rigid panels, we can fit up to 10times the power in this size container”可知，新的太阳能电池板的不同之处在于它们是便携的。8 What gave Hingley inspiration of the Rapid Roll technology?A A natural disaster.B A similar invention.C His life on the island.D Traditional rigid panels.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ The technology is t

25、he brainchild ofRenovagen's Managing Director John Hingley, who came up with the idea after seeing something used as a backup battery for mobile devices about five years ago ”可知，让 John Hingley 获得快速太阳能光伏系统的灵感的是一个类似的发明。C（2018 ·安徽江淮十校联考 ）China became the first country to clone a monkey using n

26、on - reproductive cells, scientists said on Thursday.By December 2017, the Chinese Academy of Sciences had created two clone macaques （ 猕猴 ） named “ Zhong Zhong ” and “ Hua Hua ” by nuclear transferring of body cells any cellin the organism other than reproductive cells.This was the similar technolo

27、gy body cells any cell in the organism other than reproductive cells.This was the similar technology used to create the famous clone sheep Dolly in 1996.Tetra, a monkey born in 1999, is the world's first ever - cloned monkey, but it was done using a simpler method called embryo splitting （ 胚胎分裂

28、）, and cannot be genetically modified to suit experimental needs, said Pu Muming, a leading researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences.Cloning a monkey using body cells has been a world- class challenge because itis a primate （ 灵长类 ） that shares its genetic makeup, therefore all of its complexity

29、, with humans, he said.For drug and other lab tests, scientists have to purchase monkeys from all over the world, which is costly, bad for the environment and produces inaccurate results because each monkey might have different genes, Pu said.By cloning monkey using body cells, we can mass reproduce

30、 a large number of genetically identical monkeys in a short amount of time, and we can even change their genes to suit our needs, he added.“ This can save time, cut down experiment costs, and produce more accurate results, leading to more effective medicine.Sun Qiang, director of the non- human prim

31、ate research facility at the institute, said most of the drug trials are currently done on lab mice.However, drugs that work on mice might not work or even have severe side effects on humans because the two species are so different.Monkeys and humans are both primates, so they are much closely relat

32、ed andtesting on monkeys is supposed to be as effective as testing on humans.This achievement will help China lead the world research in an international science project related to study of primate brains.语篇解读：本文是一篇科普文章，报道了中国科学家在克隆技术上取得的成就成功克隆出两只猕猴。9 Which description of the two clone macaques is TRUE?A They were the first monkeys ever-cloned in the world.B They were created using reproductive cells.C They would be fed to suit experimental needs.D The technology used to create them was s