2015湖南高考高频考点单词及易错六类主语从句Word版

1、一、as 的用法1. 用作连词，表示让步 (意为：虽然，尽管)，要用于倒装句，且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词 (等于though, 但语气稍弱)。如：Child asthoughhe was, he did quite well. 他虽是个孩子，但已干得很不错。2. 用作关系代词，主要用法有二。如：(1) 用在such, same, as等之后，引导限制性定语从句。如：This is the same watch as I lost. 这块表跟我丢失的那块一样。Such men as (=Those

2、men who) heard of him praised him. 听说过他的人都赞扬他。(2) 单独用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前 (常译为：正如)或之后 (常译为：这一点)，且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开。如：He was absent, as is often the case. 他缺席了，这是常有的事。As was expected, he succeeded at last. 正如我们所料，他终于成功了。3. 用来表示目的，下面两种句子结构都可以。如：仔细写以便把每句话都写清楚。正：Write

3、carefully so as to make every sentence clear.正：Write so carefully as to make every sentence clear.4. 在正式文体 (尤其是文学体裁)中，as后可用倒装语序表示“也一样”这类意思 (现代英语通常so表示这一用法)。如：He travelled a great deal, as did most of his friends. 他去过许多地方旅游，他的多数朋友也是一样。He plays the piano, as does his mother. 他

4、会弹钢琴，他母亲也会。注：用作连词，表示原因 (参见because)，表示时间 (参见when)。5. 用于 as ifas though, 意为“仿佛”、“似乎”。两者一般可通用 (但注意不能说 as although)。用法上注意几点：(1) as if though 可引导状语从句和表语从句，从句谓语根据语义的要求，可用陈述语气 (若可能为事实)或虚拟语气 (若为假设或不太可能是事实)。如：It looks as if it is going to rain. 天似乎要

5、下雨了。It seems as if youre right. 似乎你是对的。He talks as though he knew everything. 他夸夸其谈，好像无所不知。When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it were broken. 当把一支铅笔的一部分放在一杯水里时，它看起来好像折断了似的。当主句谓语是过去时态时，从句谓语常可用陈述语气。如：He paused as though he found a difficulty. 他停了下来，似乎遇到了一个难

6、题。She felt as if she lost something. 他觉得似乎丢了什么东西。(2) 当从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句谓语中又包括有动词be时，从句主语及其谓语中的动词be通常可以省去。如：1 / 17From time to time he turned round as though (he was) searching for someone. 他不时地四下张望，好像在找人。He opened his mouth as if (he was)to speak. 他张开口，好像要说话似的。6. 关于 asas,

7、 用法注意：(1) 中间只能用形容词或副词的原级，不能用比较级或最高级。如果在第二个as之后使用独立的人称代词，一般说来用主格 (较正式)或宾格 (非正式)均可。如：Hes as old as sheher. 他年纪跟她一样大。注意：要是第二个as之后的人称代词跟有谓语动词，则该人称代词只能用主格。如：He is as old as she is.但是有时用主格或宾格含义差别很大。如：You love him as much as I (=as I love him). 你爱他像我爱他一样。You love him as much a

8、s me (=as you love me). 你爱他像爱我一样。(2) 在肯定句中用asas, 在否定句中用not asas或not soas 均可。如：He doesnt study as so hard as his brother. 他学习不如他弟弟努力。(3) 要注意比较对象的一致性，即比较的双方必须是可以比较的的同类人或物，否则会出错。如：正：The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。误：The populati

9、on of China is much larger than Japan.(此句错在将 the population of China 与 Japan 来比较，比较对象不一致)(4) 如果涉及数量或程度，可用以下两个结构。如：as much (不可数名词) asas many (可数名词复数) asYou must speak English as much as possible. 你必须尽可能地多说英语。Youve made as many mistakes as I have. 你犯的错误和我犯的

10、一样多。(5) 请注意下列结构的词序。如：她和她妈妈一样是位好厨师。正：She is a cook as good as her mother.正：She is as good a cook as her mother.误：She is as a good cook as her mother.(6) 修饰asas结构的常见词语有nearly, almost, just, exactly, half, quite, twice, three times等，请注意这些修饰语都只能放在asas 结构之前 (而不能置于其中或其后。如：This rope is

11、twice as long as that one. 这根绳子比那根长一倍。(7) asas结构的下列用法，属于“异质比较” (注：主、从句的主语和谓语一致时，从句的主语和谓语有时可以省略)。如：The room is as long as (it is) wide. 这房间的长宽尺寸一样。The news was as unexpected as (it was) welcome. 这消息来得突然，但受人欢迎。She is as clever as (she is) beautiful. 她既聪明又漂亮。Oneis as light as t

12、he other is heavy. 一个轻，另一个重。(8) asas结构在一定的上下文中可以用其省略结构 (即省去其中的一个 as)。如：Shes clever, but her brother is just as clever. 她很聪明，但她兄弟也一样聪明。The woman married a man poor as herself. 这个女人嫁给了一个与她一样穷的男人。二、arrangement 的用法 1. 表示“安排”、“准备”，注意以下用法：通常为可数名词。如：Im satisfied

13、 with your arrangements. 我对你的安排很满意。有时也用作不可数名词。如：The price of the house is a matter of arrangement. 此屋的价格可以商量决定。用于短语 make arrangements(作安排)，注意其后的有用搭配。如：They are making arrangements for the party. 他们在为晚会作准备。2. 表示“排列”、“整理”，若指排列或整理的动作(the act of putting into or of being putting

14、into order)，则为不可数名词；若指排列或整理的结果(something that has been put in order)，则通常为可数名词。如：He suggested arrangement by subject. 他建议按学科排列。Thats a beautiful flower arrangement. 那花排列很美。三、appear的用法1. 是不及物动词，因此不能有宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如：正：Soon the stars appeared in the sky. 不久天空中出现了 星星。误：Soon the st

15、ars were appeared in the sky.误：Soon the sky appeared the stars.2. 关于 appear, seem, look (似乎，好像)。如：(1) 三者均为连系动词，均可后接形容词、名词、不定式作表语。如：他似乎是一个诚实的人。正：He looks seems, appears honest.正：He looks seems, appears an honest man.正：He looks seems, appears to be honest.正：He looks seems, appears to be

16、 an honest man.(2) look, seem 之后可以接介词 like, 但 appear 之后不能。如：Helooks seems like a fool. 他看起来像个大傻瓜。(3) 三者均可后接不定式，但 look 之后一般只限于 to be。如：正：He seems appears, looks to be tired. 他好像很累了。正：He seems appears to laugh at us. 他好像在笑我们。误：He looked

17、to laugh at us.(4) 三者均可用于 it 开头的句子，但look 之后通常接 as if (as though)引导的从句，appear之后通常接that引导的从句，seem 之后则可接that和as if (as though)引导的从句。如：It looks seems as ifyoure right. 好像你是对的。It seems appears that he isill. 他似乎病了。(5) 在there be开头的句子里，可用seem, appear, 

18、一般不用 look。如：There seems appears to be something the matter with her. 她好像出了什么事似的。三、feel like 的用法与搭配 一、六种用法1.表示“摸起来像”It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。2.表示“感觉像(是)”My legs feel like cotton wool. 我感觉两条腿像棉花一样。3. 表示“有的感觉”Im surprised that he feels like that. 我奇怪他会有这种感觉。

19、4. 表示“给人的感觉（像）是”I was only there two days, but it felt like a week. 我只在那里呆了两天，但好像过了一个星期似的。5. 表示“想吃或喝”Do you feel like a drink? 你想喝点什么吗?6. 表示“想做”I dont feel like cooking. Lets eat out. 我不想做饭，我们出去吃吧。 二、四种搭配1. 后接名词Do you feel like a rest? 你想休息一下吗?The materia

20、l feels like velvet. 这料子摸起来像丝绒。注：下面两句中like后面的rain和snow是名词，不是动词：It feels like rain (snow). 像是要下雨(雪)的样子。2. 后接代词Well go for a walk if you feel like it. 你愿意的话，咱们就去散散步。注：有时后接反身代词，表示觉得身体情况正常。如：I dont feel like myself today. 我今天感到不太舒服。有时可省略介词 like。如：He isnt feeling himself thi

21、s morning. 今天早上他感到不太舒服。3. 后接动名词I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。4. 后接句子I feel like I want to cry. 我觉得我想哭。You feel like you could reach out and touch it (the space). 你感到仿佛能伸手摸到它(太空)。注：后接句子时，其中的like相当于as if或as though。如：I felt like as if, as though I was swimming. 

22、我觉得好像在游泳似的。Alice felt like as if, as though she was in a very nice dream.艾丽斯觉得她好像在做一个美梦。四、六类容易出错的同位语问题 当两个指同一人或事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，若其中一个句子成分是用于说明或解释另一个句子成分的，那么用于起说明或解释作用的句子成分就叫做另一成分的同位语。如：Laura Myers, a BBC reporter, asked for an interview. 劳拉·迈尔，BBC的记者，要求采访。Influenza, a common diseas

23、e, has no cure. 流行性感冒是一种常见病，无特效药。Mary, one of the most intelligent girls I know, is planning to attend the university. 玛丽是我所认识的最聪敏的姑娘之一，她正准备上大学。Who is that man, the first in the front row? 前排第一个人是谁?We have two children, a boy and a girl. 我们有两个孩子，一个男孩和一个女孩。以上所举的同位语例子都是同位语的基本形式，一般不

24、会出错。但有有几种同位语，或由于身本结构特殊，或由于它修饰的成分结构比较特殊，往往会引起误解。现小结并举例说明如下，希望引起同学们的注意。1、代词we, us, you等后接同位语Are you two reading? 你们二人在看书吗?She has great concern for us students. 她对我们学生很关心。He asked you boys to be quiet. 他要你们男孩子安静些。【温馨提示】若能在书面表达中巧妙地用上一两处这样的同位语，也可以算为你的作文增加了一个小亮点。2、不定式用作同位语Soon came the ord

25、er to start the general attack. 很快下达了发起总攻的命令。(to start the general attack与the order同位)He followed the instruction to walk along a certain street where I picked him up. 他照吩咐沿某一条街走，我在那里接他上了车。(to walk along与the instruction同位)【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。三、-ing分词用作同位语Hes getting a job tonight driving a

26、 truck. 他今晚得到一个开卡车的差事。(driving a track与a job同位)She got a place in a laundry ironing shirts. 她在一家洗衣店得到一个熨衣服的职位。(ironing shirts与a place同位)The first plan, attacking at night, was turned down. 第一个计划是夜袭，被拒绝了。(attacking at night与the first plan同位)【温馨提示】当心单项填空就这类结构命题。四、形容词用作同位语The current aff

27、air, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou. 目前的交易会，是有史以来规模最大的，正在广州举行。He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign. 他读了很多书，古今中外都有。People, old and young, took to the streets to watch the parade. 老老少少的人都来到街头观看游行。【温馨提示】这类同位语与定语比较接近，可转换成定语从句。如：T

28、he current affair, the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.=The current affair, which is the biggest in its history, is being held in Guangzhou.五、none of us之类的结构用作同位语We none of us said anything. 我们谁也没说话。We have none of us large appetites. 我们谁饭量都不大。【温馨提示】注意，同位语并不影响其

29、后句子谓语的“数”，如：学生每人都有一本词典。正：The students each have a dictionary.误：The students each has a dictionary.请比较下面一句（谓语用了单数，因为each为句子主语）：正：Each of the students has a dictionary.六、从句用作同位语（即同位语从句）They were worried over the fact that you were sick. 他们为你生病发愁。I received a message that she would be late. 我

30、得到的信息说她可能晚到。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true. 明天放假的消息不实。The idea that you can do this work without thinking is wrong. 你可以不动脑筋做此工作的想法是错误的。【温馨提示】同位语从句似乎是近年来高考英语的一个新热点，希望同学们引起注意。下面请看几道真题：1. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in ti

31、me for the race. (天津卷)A. that                      B. which                   C. 

32、;until                     D. if2. Its thirty years since we last met.But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. (四川卷)A. which

33、0;                  B. that                      C. what     

34、0;              D. when3. Doris success lies in the fact _ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. (上海卷)A. which            

35、0;      B. that                      C. when                 

36、0;  D. why4. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday. (安徽卷)A. if                      

37、;   B. when                    C. that                      D.

38、60;which（答案分别为ABBC）笑话一则:Ground RulesOne of my favorite teachers at Southeast Missouri State University in Cape Girardeau was known of his droll sense of humor. Explaining his ground rules to one freshman class, he said, "Now I know my lectures can often be dry and boring, so I dont mind if you

39、look at your watches during class. I do, however, object to your pounding them on the desk to make sure theyre still running."基本原则位于吉拉多海角的密苏里东南州立大学有一位我非常喜欢的老师，他奇特的幽默感很是出名。在对一个新生班级讲解他的基本原则时，他说：“我知道我的讲课可能经常会枯燥乏味，了无生趣，所以如果你们在上课时看表我并不介意。不过我坚决反对你们将表在课桌上猛敲看它们是不是还在走。”时态专题训练一般现在时1. Is everyone here?Not

40、 yet. Look, there _ the rest of our guests! (2010江苏卷)A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming【解析】A。由于以here和there开头引出的倒装句不能用于进行时态，所以可以排除C和D；又因为句子主语the rest of our guest为复数，故选A。2. I _ all the cooking for my family, but recently Ive been too busy to do it. (2010辽宁卷)A. will do B. do C. am doing D. ha

41、d done【解析】B。此处用一般现在时表示一种经常性的行为，虽然目前并没有这样做。3. Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. (2010全国卷II)A. wear B. wears C. has worm D. have worm【解析】B。由于one of the women前有only修饰，说明其后的定语从句是修饰one的，而不是修饰women的，所以定语从句中的谓语动词要用单数，故可排除A和D；再根据句意，此处谈的是一般情况，故要用一般现在时，即选B。4.

42、Every few years, the coal workers _ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health. (2010上海卷)A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had【解析】B。根据句中的every few years（每隔几年）可知，动作带有经常性和规律性，故用一般现在时。又如：The Summer Olympic Games take place every four years. 奥林匹克夏季运动会每四年举行一次。5. The church tower which _ will be op

43、en to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (2010上海卷)A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored【解析】D。根据句中的will be open to tourists soon（不久将对游客开放）以及 The work is almost finished（工程差不多快结束了）可知，the church tower的修复工程还正在进行，故用现在进行时的被动语态。一般过去时1. Bob would have helped us y

44、esterday, but he _. (2010安徽卷)A. was busy B. is busy C. had been busy. D. will be busy【解析】A。but引出的句子谈论的是事实，故应用陈述语气，由于是谈论昨天的情况，故用一般过去时。全句意为：鲍勃昨天是要帮助我们的，但他太忙了。2. The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. (2010全国卷I)A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had mad

45、e【解析】C。英语中有个习语是make a fortune（发财，赚大钱），也就是说a fortune是动词make的宾语。从本句来看，a fortune与要填的make应为被动关系，故只能选A或C；再根据句子中led的时态可知，答案要选C而不是A。3. Excuse me. I _ I was blocking your way. (2010全国卷II)A. didnt realize B. dont realize C. havent realized D. wasnt realizing【解析】A。该句的谈话背景是：一个人挡住了另一个人的路，于是他说“对不起，我没有意识到我挡了你的路”。

46、显然，当这个人说“对不起，我没有意识到”的时候，显然他说话的时候是“意识到了”，也就是说“没有意识到”在他道歉的时候已属过去了，故要用一般过去时。4. The book has been translated into thirty languages since it _ on the market in 1973. (2010重庆卷)A. had come B. has come C. came D. comes【解析】C。根据从句中的in 1973可知，空格处应填一般过去时。现在完成时1. Im sorry, but I dont quite follow you. Did you sa

47、y you wanted to return on September 20?Sorry, I_ myself clear. We want to return on October 20. (2010北京卷)A. hadnt made B. wouldnt make C. dont make D. havent made【解析】D。对方没听清楚说话者说的话，是由于说话者没有说清楚所导致的结果，所以空格处应填现在完成时，即用现在完成时表示某个动作所造成的影响或结果。2. When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. (2

48、010全国卷I)A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive【解析】B。根据句子本身已有的时态可知，过去完成时had arrived不能选；再根据常识，说话人应该是叫对方“已经”到家后才打电话报平安，故选现在完成时。3. Up to now, the program _ thousands of children who would otherwise have died. (2010山东卷)A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved【解析】D。短语up to n

49、ow的意思是“到现在为止”，指从过去某时开始持续到现在的一段时间，通常与现在完成时连用。如：Her life has run smoothlyup to now. 她的生活到目前仍一帆风顺。Up to now, the work has been easy. 到现在为止这工作还算容易。4. For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. (2010浙江卷)A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. drea

50、med of D. dream of【解析】B。根据句意和句中的时态has been可知，空格处不可能填过去时态，故可排除A和C；比较B和D，B为现在完成时，与句中的for many years（多年来）相吻合，故选B。5. 一When shall we restart our business?一Not until we _ our plan. (2010四川卷)A. will finish B. are finishing C. are to finish D. have finished【解析】D。由于until引导的是时间状语从句，所以不能直接使用将来时态，由此可排除A；再根据句意和常

51、识可知，人们通常是先制定计划，然后付诸实施，故空格处填现在完成时比较符合句子语境。现在进行时1. Im not finished with my dinner yet.But our friends _ for us. (2010北京卷)A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting【解析】D。根据句首的but可知，选现在进行时比较符合语境。对话的意思是：“我还有没吃完饭。”“但是我们的朋友在等我们了。”过去进行时1. I walked slowly through the market, where people _ all kinds

52、of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. (2010湖南卷)A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold【解析】B。根据句中的walked, studied, bought等可知，句子是在谈论过去的情况，故可排除A和D。再根据句意，联系“慢慢走过集市”“仔细研究价格”“买下需要的东西”等信息，说明当时人们是“正在”卖水果和蔬菜，故用过去进行时。2. Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?

53、No, I _ my homework all day yesterday. (2010全国卷I)A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do【解析】A。根据句中的all day和yesterday可知，句子应用过去进行时。又如：“Have you finished your homework, Mary?” “No, I was helping my mother inthe kitchen all day yesterday.” “你的作业做完了吗，玛丽?”“没有，我昨天一整天都在厨房帮妈妈干活来着。”将来进行时1. If you plant wat

54、ermelon seeds in the spring, you _ fresh watermelon in the fall. (2010浙江卷)A. eat B. would eat C. have eaten D. will be eating【解析】D。由于条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，所以主句应该用将来时态，由此可排除A和C；而B为过去将来时，是指在过去看来将来发生的情况，与句意不符。故选D。will be eating为将来进行时，指将来要进行的情况，句意为：如果在春天播下西瓜种子，秋天你就可吃到新鲜的西瓜。过去完成时1. Were you surprised by the end

55、ing of the film?No, I _ the book, so I already knew the story. (2010安徽卷)A. was reading B. had read C. am reading D. have read【解析】B。由于问句中用的时态是一般过去时(were)，说明对话双方是在谈论一部过去看过的电影；而根据so I already knew the story（所以我已经知道故事情节了）可知，说话者“看这本书”应该是在“看电影”之前，故用过去完成时。2. It took me a long time before I was able to full

56、y appreciate what they _ for me. (2010北京卷)A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing【解析】A。比较主句中的动词take与从句中的动词do，很显然do在先，take在后，而take在句中用的是一般过去时，故do要用过去完成时。3. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone _ it. Was it you? (2010湖南卷)A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do【解析】B。根据句意可知，“有人

57、给玫瑰剪枝”发生在“我去给玫瑰剪枝”之前，而“我去给玫瑰剪枝”用的是I was just going to cut my rose这样的过去时态，故“有人给玫瑰剪枝”发生在这一过去时间之前，也就是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。4. Peter, where did you guys go for the summer vacation?We _ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves. (2010江苏卷)A. were B. have been C. had been D. will

58、be【解析】C。根据句意可知，“很忙”在“去海边放松”之前，而“去海边放松”用的是一般过去时went，所以“很忙”应用过去完成时had been。将来进行时1. Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.How nice! You _ a different culture then. (2010福建卷)A. will be experiencing B. have experiencedC. have been experiencing D. will have experienced【解析】A。句中Guess what, weve got our visas for a short-term vi