高中代词知识点

1、代词代词是高考考查的重点语法项目之一，也是考生容易出错的项目，因为代词具有较大灵活性。考生在做代词选择填空时最容易犯的错误是1）机械地套用语法规则；2）用汉语思维去分析题意。从高考考查情况看，高考考查最多的是不定代词，因为不定代词是整个代词中最为活跃的部分，其次是名词性物主代词和反身代词。一、用法1.人称代词在句中作主语用主格，在句中作宾语,则用宾格； She teaches them physics.在句中作表语常用宾格；Who is it? Its me.但有时要用主格：It was I who told him the whole story.在强调句型中,强调的是主语,故I用主格。两个

2、或两个以上的人称代词并列时，其顺序是：单数按2，3，1人称排列，复数按1，2，3人称顺序排列。you, she and I ; we, you and they2.物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作宾语We love our motherland.名词性物主代词可用作主语,表语和宾语Your coat is black while mine is red.3.反身代词用作宾语、表语，或主语、宾语的同位语He teaches himself Japanese every evening.（宾语）She is not quite herself today.她今天身体不太舒服。（表语）I myself

3、 can repair the bike.（主语的同位语）常用含有反身代词的惯用语归纳by oneself= alone 独自 for oneself独立、为自己be oneself处于正常状态,显得自然 enjoy oneself玩得愉快seat oneself坐下 dress oneself in 给自己穿devote oneself to专心于、献身于 help oneself to 自行取用、不用客气come to oneself苏醒 make oneself at home 不要客气4.指示代词this和that是近指, that和those 是远指I dont want this

4、book. I want that one.有时为了避免重复，常用that/ those 来代表前面出现过的名词At this time of year，the weather here is much colder than that in Nanjing.this和that都可代表前面提到过的事情,若出现两个名词,指代前面的用that指代较后面的用this；但若指下文将要叙述事情,则只能用this，不能用that。此外，还可用于代替上文中出现过个单数或不可数名词，且后面带有of短语修饰。Health is above wealth; this cannot give so much hap

5、piness as that.健康胜于财富;财富不会像健康那样带来那么多幸福(句中this=wealth; that=health) They cant afford it. That/this is their problem.What I want you to remember is this :English is of great use.(此句中this不能用that替换)The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Suzhou.such的用法such 一般在句中作定语和主语.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在之后。

6、Such is my answer.Such are the results of the exams.I have never seen such beautiful flowers.用作定语时,它所修饰的名词前的不定冠词应放在such之后such a good book。5.相互代词在句中可作宾语They help each other and learn from each other.加s后成为所有格,作定语They asked about one anothers life and work.6.不定代词不定代词种类较多,在使用时应注意其用法与区别。为了便于记忆我们择其重点以表格的形

7、式列出。不定代词区 别例 句one, some，any和itone可以泛指人或者事（东西），其复数为ones。Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. A.one B.ones C.it D.them Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A.one B.ones C.it D.those some可用于疑问句中，表示盼望得到肯定的答复，或者表示建议，请求等。Your co

8、ffee smells great! Its from Mexico. Would you like _?A.it B.some C.this D.1ittlesome 和any修饰可数名词单数时，some表示某个，any表示任何一个。I have read this article in some magazine. Please correct the mistakes, if any.Which of the three ways shall I take to the village? _way as you please.A.Each B.Every C.Any D.Eitheron

9、e指同类中的一个，it指代同一种类的东西。记住下列三点区别：it =the /this/ my+单数名词one =a/an+单数名词it代替特定的单数名词one代替不特定的单数名词one之前加上定冠词the可以表示特指，one前如有形容词修饰,之前还可以加上不定冠词,但是it之前既不能加冠词也不能加形容词修饰。此外it还可以作形式主语、形式宾语和用于强调句型中。There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ? No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A.it;on

10、e B.one;one C.one;it D.it;itThis film is an interesting one.Of all the dresses, this is the one I like best.some多用于肯定句，any多用于疑问句和否定句。Theres _cooking oil in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _. A.1ittle,some B.1ittle,anyC.a little,some D.a little,anyWe had three sets of garden tools

11、 and we seemed to have no use for _.A.none B.either C.any D.eachHe doesnt have _ furniture in his room -just an old desk.A. any B. many C. some D. mucheach和everyeach强调个别，代表的数可以是两个或两个以上，而every强调整体，所指的数必须是三个或三个以上。Each student has a pocket dictionary.Each (of us) has a dictionary.= We each have a dicti

12、onary.Every student has strong and weak points. Every one of us has strong and weak points.all和bothboth指两个人或物,而all指三个以上的人或物. 在句中都可作主语，宾语,表语,同位语和定语. either表示“两者中的 任何一个” Which of the two books will you take? Ill take _and I think _of them is very important to me.A. either; neither B. neither; both C.

13、both; either D. either; bothWhich of those electronic dictionaries do you like most? _.They are both cheap and of great importance.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All注意：both, all, each, every以及由every构成的不定代词出现在否定句中，不管否定词在前还是在后，都是部分否定：All of them dont like music=Not all of them like music.他们并不都喜欢音乐。要表示完

14、全否定，需要借助neither，none ，no one ，nothing，nobody等。Neither of them doesnt like music.他们俩都不喜欢音乐。None of them dont like the music.他们都不喜欢音乐。none和nono等于not any，作定语。none作主语或宾语，代替不可数名词，谓语用单数，代替可数名词，谓语单复数皆可。There is no water in the bottle.How much water is there in the bottle? None.None of the students are (is)

15、 afraid of difficulties.other和anotherother泛指“另外的，别的”常与其他词连用， the other day, every other week, some other reason, no other way, the other特指两者中的另外一个，复数为the others。Both sides have accused of breaking the contract.A. another B. the other C. neither D. eachTwo students in our class failed, but all the ot

16、hers passed the exam.another指“又一个，另一个”，复数形式是others，泛指“别的人或事”。We had a picnic last term and it was a lot of fun，so lets have _ one this month. A. the other B. some C. another D. otherThe trousers are too long, please give me another pair/some others.Some like football, while others like basketball.ei

17、ther和neither前者意思为：两者中任何一方都；后者意思为：两者都不。Do you want tea or coffee?_,I really don't mind. A. none B. neither C. either D. allIt was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which _ of the parents spoke the language.A. none B. neither C. both D. eachfew和little;a few和a littlefew 和little 表示没有多少,含否

18、定意义,而a few 和a little表示一些,有几个,含肯定意义.另外, few与a few修饰可数名词, little与 alittle 修饰不可数名词。此外quite a few , quite a little意思是“不少,相当多的”。The old man knows a little English.Few of them can speak Russian.7.it的用法用作人称代词,代替前文提到的事情。This bike is not mine. Its Peters.用以代替提示代词this, thatWhat is this? Its a pen.Whose book i

19、s that? Its Mikes. 起指示代词的作用,指一个人或事物Who is knocking at the door? Its me.Who is making such a noise. It must be the children.指环境情况等。It was very quiet at the moment.指时间，季节，天气，气候等What time is it? It is eight oclock.It often rains in summer.指距离It is five kilometers from the office to my home.It is a long

20、 way to the factory.作形式主语和形式宾语当动词不定式,动名词或从句作主语时,通常把它们放在谓语之后,而用it作句子的形式主语It is not easy to finish the work in two days.It is not a good habit to stay up late.It is no use crying over split milk.It is a pity that you didnt read the book.当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式,动名词,宾语从句时,往往把宾语放在它的补足语后面,而用it作形式宾语,放在宾语补足语之前I think

21、 it no use arguing with him.I found it very interesting to study English.He made it clear that he was not interested in this subject.注意：see to it that（务必）和take it for granted that（想当然）句型中的it，以及词组make it（做事成功，搞定）中的it。用于强调结构要强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语,状语,宾语), 可以把it 当作先行词.这种句子的结构是 “It is(was)+被强调部分+that (who )+句子

22、的其余部分” .如果强调的部分是人,可用who whom 代替that I met an old friend in the park yesterday.此句各部分被强调后句型如下：It was I who /that met an old friend in the park yesterday.It was an old friend who/ that/whom I met in the park yesterday.It was in the park that I met an old friend yesterday.It was yesterday that I met an

23、old friend in the park.练习题1.Our neighbors gave_ _a baby bird yesterday that hurt_ _when it fell from its nest. A. us, it B. us, itself C. ourselves, itself D. ourselves, it 2.To save class time, our teacher has _ students do half of the exercise in class and complete the other half for homework. A.

24、us B. we C. our D.our 3.Some of the stamps belong to me, while the rest are _. A. him and her B. his and hers C. his and her      D. him and hers 4.Who called me this morning when I was out? A man calling _ Robert. A. him     B. himself    

25、  C. his    D.不填 5.Isnt it amazing how the human body heals _ after an injury? A. himself B. him C. itself D. it 6.He got his first book published. It turned out to be a bestseller. When was _? _ was in 2000 when he was still in college. A. that; This B. this; It C. it; This

26、 D. that; It7.Could you tell me how to get to Victoria Street?Victoria Street? _ is where the Grand Theatre is. A. SuchB. There C. That D. This8.The English spoken in the United States is only slightly different from _ spoken in England.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. the one9.Little joy can equal _ of a s

27、urprising ending when you read stories. A. that B. those C. any D. some10.Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there wasnt always _ much to do. A. such   B. that C. more D. very11.If you cant decide which of the two books to borrow, why dont you take _? I wont read them this week

28、. A. all   B. any      C. either   D. both12.You may drop in or just give me a call. _ will do.  A. Either B. Each   C. Neither              D. All13.Of all the books on the desk,  _ is

29、 of any use for our study.  A. nothing         B. no one          C. neither D. none 14.It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both

30、 D. each15.The mayor has offered a reward of $ 5000 to _ who can capture the tiger alive or dead. A. both B. others C. anyone D. another 16.Theres _ cooking oil left in the house. Would you go to the corner store and get _?    A. little; some       &

31、#160;B. little; any         C. a little; some      D. a little; any 17.Would you like _, sir? No, thanks. I have had much. A. some more oranges         B. any more oranges  &#

32、160;  C. some more orange   D. any more orange 18.Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones           B. one   C. that   D. those19.Weve been looking at

33、 houses but havent found _we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it       D. them20.Cars do cause us some health problems in fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do. A. one            B. ones    &#

34、160;      C. it D. those 21.My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. A. one     B. the one             C. he     

35、;  D. someone22.There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ?No, Id rather buy in the bookstore. A. it; one B. one; one C. one; it D. it; it 23.I think hes just going to deal with this problem _ day. A. next          

36、; B. other           C. following        D. another24.No progress was made in the trade talk as neither side would accept the conditions of _.   A. others B. the other       &

37、#160;    C. either D. another25.The manager believes prices will not rise by more than _ four percent. A. any other B. the other C. another D. other 26.One weeks time has been wasted. I cant believe we did all that work for _.A. something        

38、; B. nothing C. everything          D. anything27.She doesnt know anyone here. She has got _to talk to. A. anyone         B. someone            C. everyone 

39、0;      D. no one28.I made so many changes in my composition that only I could read it. To _ else, it was hard to make out. A. none     B. everyone     C. someone    D. anyone29.Id like some more cheese. Sorry, theres _ left.

40、 A. some B. none C. a little D. few 30.If I can help_, I don't like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them31.Id appreciate _ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. A. that B. it C. this D. you 数词分为两种：基数词（表示数目）和序数词（表示顺序）。功 能例 句主语Two of them are teachers.定语There a

41、re fifty students in our class.宾语Give me two.表语I'm eighteen now.同位语You may leave it to us two.状语This room is one-sixth larger than that one.数词不是高考的常考点。但是除了了解数词常见的表达方式外，还有下列重点内容需要注意。1.dozen和score的复数形式应注意以下几点：dozen表示：一打，十二个，score表示：二十；当dozen与数词，或many，several等连用时，不加“s”，所修饰的名词前常省去“of”；score则不然。two d

42、ozen pencils两打铅笔two score of pencils四十支铅笔dozens of people=scores of people许多人当后面的名词前有"these"，“those"，“them"，" us"等词时, dozen后应加"of "。a dozen of these peopletwo dozen of them three score and ten people中不加of(七十人)2.分数和百分数的表达分数由基数词和序数词合成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母的序数词

43、要用复数形式1/3：one(a)third 2/3：two thirds three-sevenths：七分之三特殊的表达1/2：one(a)half 1/4：one(a)quarterone(a)fourth 3/4：three quarters分子与分母之间加in或out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词one in ten：十分之一 five in eight：八分之五one out of ten：十分之一 five out of eight：八分之五百分数的表示法表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可：twenty percent=20%百分之二十。注意：分数和

44、百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数of +冠词/限定词+名词/代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.3.序号的表示法单纯的序号，可在基数词前加number,简写为No.。No.1一号事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达，形式分别为：the +序数词 + 名词；名词 + 基数词第一次世界大战可以表示为the First

45、 World War或World War I。对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词 + 数词501号房间表示为Room 501538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538可用a/the + number + 基数词 + 名词a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车4.大约数的表示法用ten, dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、成千上万等大约数概念The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.数打铅笔Thousand

46、s of people died in the earthquake.数千人Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.用less than、under、below、almost、nearly、up to等来表示小于或接近某数目He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.不到两个小时用more than, over, above, beyond, or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目Peki

47、ng University has a history of more than 100 years.北大有100多年的历史用or, or so, about, around, some, more or less等表示在某一数目左右About 50 people were present at that time.用to, from to, between and表示介于两数词His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.从每周20美元涨到每周35美元注意：dozen, score, hundred, thousan

48、d, million作数词表示确切数量时，不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million等。5.年龄的表达法用基数词表示年龄。如：The baby is one year old. 表示“在某人的几十岁”时，可用介词in+ ones+整十位数的复数形式：She is still in her twenties. 她才二十几岁。但表示十多岁时用：in ones teens表示“一个九岁的男孩”，可以有多种表达法a boy of nine，a boy of nine years old，a boy of nine years of age，a nine-

49、year-old boy注意：与基数词合成的定语，其中的名词用单数：a three-month-old baby，a five-year plan。 She went to the bookstore and bought .A. dozen books B. dozens booksC. dozen of booksD. dozens of books【解析】答案为D。 dozen意为“一打,十二个”,与数词连用时要用单数形式。与of连用时要用复数形式。dozens of意为“若干, 许许多多”。dozen与数词或many，several连用时其后不加s；dozen前有基数词表示确切数字时，

50、其后一般不与of连用。 It is reported that the floods have left about people homeless.A. two thousand B. two-thousands C. two thousands D. two thousands of【解析】答案为A。“thousand”等指具体数字时，不用复数形式；指大约数字时， 常用复数形式。如：two thousand，thousands of。_people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day.A. Several mil

51、lion B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million【解析】答案为A。 “million”表示确切数量时其前往往需用表确切的“数”，而不用many这类词，但可说many millions of（上百万的），也可以说“several million（几百万）”。 _of the land in that district_ covered with trees and grass.A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are【解析】答案为

52、C。 分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词。如果分子大于“1”，分母就用序数词的复数形式。land为不可数名词，其“2/5”也为不可数，应用is。2009年1.(北京卷)Being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carrieswith_ extra stress. A. it B. them C. one D. him【答案】A【解析】该句话的意思是：作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事，但是作为一个有特殊需求的父母来说就需要有更多的额外的压力。it特指bein

53、g the parent of a child with special needs这件事。2.(江苏卷)Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children compared with _ of their parents. A. those B. one C. both D. that【答案】D【解析】十分之九的家长都认为自己教育子女的方式与他们父母教育自己的方式有很大区别。此处用that代替教育方式一词。上文提到approach为单

54、数，故A错；one是不定指的代词，如果要指代前文出现过的事物，要在其前面加定冠词the，故B错。C项是指的两个人，明显不对。3.(辽宁卷) is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.A. Such B. This C. That D. So【答案】A【解析】such置于句首句子要倒装，防止误选D;此处不是suchhat; sothat句型；such代替的是” that it can make a person suddenly famous. ”,选A.4.(全国I)One of the most importan

55、t questions they had to consider was of public health.A. what B. this C. that D. which【答案】C【解析】句意：他们必须考虑其中最重要的问题是公共卫生。考查that作代词，that 作代词，往往用于特指，相当于“that名词”，它也只能代替事情不能代替人。5.(全国II) Charles was alone at home, with _ looking after him. A. someone B. anyone C. not one D. no one【答案】D【解析】根据上句意思可知，Carles was alone, 孤单的，所以是没有人照顾他。此处应该是no one。6.(全国II) The CDs are on sale！Buy one and you get _ completely free. A. o