高中英语必修1一Unit1基础知识

1、 Book 1 Unit 1 基础知识重点单词短语1 upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)搭配 upset oneself about sth.为某事而烦恼Sb. be upset about 对感到心烦It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是It upsets sb. to do sth. 做使某人不快upset the plan 搅乱了计划It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。It upset

2、s me to think her all alone in that big house.想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子，我就感到不舒服。Dont upset yourself about itlets just forget it ever happened.你别为这事烦恼了咱们就只当它没发生过。Try not to upset yourself about losing your job.尽量不要为失去工作而烦恼。She was still upset about the argument shed had with Harry.她依然为跟哈里发生的争论而感到烦恼。Theres no po

3、int getting upset about it.犯不着为此事难过。 即学即练1 (1) I _ _ _ the bad news. 我对那则坏消息感到心烦意乱。(2) It _ _ that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别让她心情沮丧。(3) If the rain keeps falling, it will _ the whole plan. 如果继续下雨，这将会打乱我们的整个计划。 2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”)ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n.

4、 无知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事即学即练2(1) She saw him coming but she _him.她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。(2) He is _ _ farm life.He is _ _ _ farm life.他对农庄生活一无所知。3. concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系搭配 concern oneself about/for.为担忧be concerned about/f

5、or.为担忧She concerns herself about her sons future.她担忧儿子的将来。We are all very much concerned for her health.我们都非常关心她的健康。搭配 concern oneself with关注；涉及；关于be concerned with关注；涉及；关于More and more people are concerning themselves with environmental problems.越来越多的人关心起环境问题。The book is primarily concerned with So

6、viet-American relations during the Cold War.这部书主要讲述的是冷战时期的苏美关系。句型 as/so far as sb./sth.is concerned就而言；就来说As far as I am concerned，I cannot object to your marriage.就我个人而言，我不反对你们的婚事。The car is good as far as the engine is concerned.就发动机而言，这种车非常好。n. 关系；担心；忧虑；关心的事搭配 concern about/for/over对的担心show/expre

7、ss concern about/for 对表示关心/担心There is growing concern about the effects of pollution on health.对于污染影响健康的关注越来越强烈。The report expressed concern over continuing high unemployment.报告表达了对失业率居高不下的忧虑。提示 concern作“关心的事”解时是可数名词。The development of economy is a major concern of the government.经济发展是政府关心的主要问题。拓展 c

8、oncerning关于He asked several questions concerning the future of the company.他问了几个有关公司前途的问题。即学即练3 (1) Dont concern yourself _ other peoples affairs. 别干涉他人的事。(2) I always concern myself _ my sons future.我总是担忧我儿子的将来。(3) He doesnt bother about things that dont _ him.他不关心那些与他无关的事。(4) As far as _， the soon

9、er, the better.就我而言，越快越好。(5)_ your letter, Im pleased to inform you of what you are interested in.关于你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。 4series n. 系列；连续a series of 一连串的；一系列的a series of exams 一连串的考试a TV series 一部电视连续剧注意：(1) series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主

10、语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。即学即练4 (1) Then began _ _ _ wet days that spoiled our vacation.之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。(2)There _ a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。(3) So far a series of problems _ by this decision.(bring) 至今，这个决定引起了一系列的问题

11、。5settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing开始认真做，专心于settle ones affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端即学即练5(1) She _ the city after her fathers death

12、.父亲去世后她就在城市里定居了。(2) They _ in a friendly way.他们友好地解决了他们的争端。(3) Lets _ the work.我们开始工作。 6suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病即学即练6 (1)They _ a great loss in the earthquake.在地震中他们蒙受了巨大损失。(2)Ill _

13、 this rudeness no longer.我再也不能忍受这种粗鲁了。(3)Hes _ a bad cold.他正患重感冒。(4)Wars caused _ to this country.战争给这个国家带来了苦难。 7recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得recover from sth. 从中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等)recover sth. from. 从中找回、重新获得recover oneself 清醒过来recover ones health/senses 恢复健康/知觉即学即练7(1) Liu Xiang

14、is still _ his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在恢复之中。(2) He seemed upset but quickly _.他显得心烦意乱，但很快静下心来。(3) He has _ a slow _ the strain.他慢慢从紧张中恢复过来。 8add up 合计add sth. up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达add.to. 把加在/上add to 增加；增添add that.补充说即学即练8 (1)Can you _ these figures _？你能把这些数字加起来吗？(2)All these figures _ 5 000.所有这些数字加起来

15、共计5 000。(3)He _ some sugar _ the coffee.他给咖啡里加了些糖。(4)The bad weather _ our difficulty.坏天气增加了我们的困难。(5)He _ that he was satisfied with the talk.他补充说他对会谈很满意。9Are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? 你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，或者会不理解你目前的困境呢？go through通过

16、；穿过；经受；仔细检查；完成experience 经历，经受examine carefully 仔细检查look through 浏览，翻阅pass (through) 通过，经过be used up 用完They went through our records very carefully.他们很仔细地研究了我们的记录。Someone had broken into the office and gone through all the drawers.有人闯入办公室翻遍了所有的抽屉。We cant really imagine what theyre going through.我们难以

17、想象他们所正在经历的。链接 go over检查，复习 get through通过；完成; 接通电话go about 着手干；四处走动go against 反对；违背；对不利go on with sth. 继续做go without 没有而勉强应付；没有也行go away/out 出去；离开go after 追求go ahead 说吧；干吧；您先请go in for 参加（考试或比赛）；喜欢（爱好）go wrong/mad /hungry 出毛病/疯了/挨饿【高手过招】用go through翻译下列句子：1. 大家都对安妮（Anne）在二战中的遭遇感到震惊。_2. 在老师的帮助下，他去年通过了高

18、考。_3. 交卷之前，你们必须仔细检查试卷。 _即学即练9 写出下列各句中 go through 的意思。(1) We went through hardships while working on this project._(2) The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students. _(3) He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up._(4) It took us three days to go through the fores

19、t._(5) Ive gone through my ink._ 拓展：break through 冲破get through 完成，通过live through 活过look through 浏览cut through 穿过 10set down(1)write down 写下，记下(2)put down 放下，搁下(3)stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车(4)explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为(与 as 连用)即学即练10(1) Why dont you _ your ideas _ on paper? 为什

20、么你不把你的想法写在纸上呢？(2)_ that heavy bag _ to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子放下，休息一会儿。(3) Please _ me _ at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处让我下车。(4) I _ the man _ as a salesman.我认为那个人是位售货员。 拓展：set about doing sth.开始干某事(set out to do sth.)set off开始；出发(set out)；引爆set out出发；开始(后接to do)；陈列；阐述set up建立，创设，开办set back把(钟表指针)往回拨set asi

21、de留出；不顾；取消set free释放；解放set sb. a good example为树立好榜样11in order to 为了(1) in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。 (2) 否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。(3 ) 前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。In order to learn English wel

22、l, he bought an dictionary.= To learn English well, he bought an dictionary.= He bought an dictionary so as to/in order to learn English .= He bought an dictionary so that he could learn English .= He bought an dictionary in order that he could learn English .His mother bought him an dictionary in o

23、rder that/so that he could learn English .即学即练11 翻译句子。(1)为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。_(2)为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。_12get along/on with与相处get along/on well/nicely with.进展(谈及或问及工作情况)即学即练12 (1) How is the work _？工作进展如何？(2) How are you _ your studies?你功课学得怎样？(3) Selfish men are hard to _. 自私的人很难相处。词语辨析1. calm/quiet/still/silen

24、t这几个词都与“静”有关，但它们所描述的物体、场合是不同的。(1) calm常指“天气平静，无风；海无浪；镇定，无忧虑；镇定自若”，强调外表的平静。(2) quiet表示“静止的；宁静的；不激动，没有烦恼、忧虑的”，强调没有干扰，没有兴奋活动或闹声的“宁静”或“心神安逸”。(3) still表示“静止不动的/地”“平静的/地”，突出不发出动作。(4) silent表示“声音极小的，沉默的，寡言的”。应用1 (1) Ask the children to make less noise and keep _.(2) Although she was frightened, she answere

25、d in a _ voice.(3) John is a _， thoughtful boy.(4) Please stand _ while I am ready to take the photograph. 2. power/right/strength/force/energy(1) power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可指职权、权力或政权。(2) right指“权利”。(3) strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指“力气”，说物时，指“强度”。(4) force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。(

26、5) energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。应用2(1)Youll need to apply all your _ to this job.(2)You have no _ to treat me like this.(3)Congress has _ to declare war.(4)The _ of the explosion broke all the windows.(5)A washing machine is a saver of time and _. 3. join in/take part in/attend/join(1) join in指参加正在进行着的活动，如

27、游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。也可用 join sb. in doing sth .。(2)take part in指参加会议或群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。part 前若有修饰语，要加不定冠词。(3) attend正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、上课、上学、听报告等，重在强调“参与”的动作，不强调参加者的作用。 attend school/the meeting/ the church/ the wedding(4) join指参加某组织或团体，并成为其一员。其宾语往往是 the army/Party/team/club/sb.。应用3 (1)Would you _ us _ the g

28、ame?(2)All the students _ school activities.(3)There are many people _ the meeting.(4)My brother _ the army last year. 重点句型详解1 While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。在whe

29、n, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures. 在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers. 我边等待，边看报纸。If (it were) not for you, we would not go there. 要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。He looks

30、 as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。I wont go unless (Im) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。即境活用1 When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great su

31、ccess.Aintroducing Bintroduced Cintroduce Dbeing introduced 2.tell him/her that he/she should have studied. 告诉他/她本该学习should have done表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；shouldnt have done表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，含有“责备”的口吻。 You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。 You shouldnt have told him about it.你本来不应该告

32、诉他这件事情。拓展：其他“情态动词havedone”结构：(1) must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“过去一定做了”。(2) cant/couldnt have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“过去不可能做了”。(3) neednt have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。(4) ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have done(5) might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。(6) could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做”。(7) would

33、 have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做”。即境活用2 Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.Ashouldnt eat Bmustnt have eaten Cshouldnt have eaten Dmustnt eat 3.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚It is/was the first time(that

34、).这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。 This is the fourth time shes rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。 It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。 It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。提示：(1) It is the first time that.后接现在完

35、成时；It was the first time that.后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that.后接现在完成时。(2) the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。The first time I saw her, my heart stopped. 我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。(3) for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。即境活用3 1). Have you ever been here before?No. T

36、his is the first time that I _ to the Great Wall.Acomes Bhave been Ccame Dhad come2). _(我第一次次遇见他的时候), he was working as a secretary in a big company.3). .It is the first time that_ （第一次迟到）.4Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。“withn.形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不

37、定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。 He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。 With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。 With the guide to lead us, well have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家

38、。 He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。 He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。 He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。即境活用4 _ five minutes _ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station.AThere were; go BWith; to go CIt was; left DIt had; left 5. .She and he

39、r family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.她和家人躲藏了两年，后来被发现了。 before引出时间状语从句常可译为汉语“还没就”，“还没来得及就”，“以后才”或“不等就”，此时，从句中可用情态动词can或could。She hung up the telephone before I could answer it.我还没来得及接电话，她就挂断了。The fire lasted about four hours before the firefighters could control

40、 it.大火烧了4个小时后，消防队员才把它控制住。He fell asleep before I could take off his clothes.我还没来得及给他脱掉衣服他就睡着了。 It was two years before he came back. It will be two years before he comes back.6Another time five months ago，I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 还有一次，就在五个月以前的一天傍晚，我碰巧在楼上，窗户是开着的。hap

41、pen to do sth. It happened that-表示“(某人)碰巧或恰好做某事”。 She happened to find an empty seat at the back of the bus.= It happened that she found an empty seat at the back of the bus.她正好在汽车后排找到一个座位。Someone in the ticket office happened to notice her. 在售票处有人正好注意到她。You dont happen to know his name，do you？你不会那么

42、巧知道他的名字吧？She happened to be out when we called.我们打电话时她刚巧不在。拓展 happen作“碰巧；刚好；恰好”解时还常用于“It (so) happens that.”句型。It so happened that theyd been invited，too. 他们碰巧也受到邀请。 = They happened to have been invited，too.It happened that he found this new island when travelling on the sea.= He happened to find th

43、is new island when travelling on the sea.在海上旅行时，他恰巧发现了这个新岛屿。7. I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我才变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。【知识归纳】此句是一个复合句型，含有if引导的宾语从句和itsthat构成的强调句型结构，此处强调because引导的原因状语从句。强调结构是：

44、It is/was 被强调成分that-clause,除了当被强调的成分指人时，可用who(作主语)、whom(作宾语)代替that外，其余情况一律用that。【联想拓展】 强调谓语动词不用该强调句型，而应该用do/does/did动词原形。例如：I do hope you will go with us. 我真希望你能同我们一起去。They did win the game. 他们的确赢了比赛。【高手过招】对划线部分进行强调：I saw John on my way to school this morning.1. _.2. _3. _.4. _8. But your friend can

45、t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself. 有一天晚上，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮一次。 I didnt go downstairs until the window had to be shut. 直到窗子不得不关上我才下楼。 【知识归

46、纳】notuntil 意思是“直到才”，表示主句谓语所表示的动作直到until状语所表示的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开始。Until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，则主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，则用否定形式。【联想拓展】 It is not until +被强调的部分+ that, 译成“直到才”，是强调形式。 I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.= It was not until she took off her dark

47、 glasses that I realized she was a film star. 直到她摘下墨镜我才认出她是一位电影明星。 9. When he/she borrowed it last time, he/she broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.他/她上次借相机时把它弄坏了，你不得不出钱让别人给修好。【知识归纳】get sth. done意思是“让别人做某事”或“使得某事被做”；done是过去分词作宾语补足语，与have sth. done句型用法一样。例如：We got/had the machine mended ju

48、st now. 我们刚才请人把机器修好了。The patient is going to have his temperature taken. 这个病人准备请 / 叫 / 让人量体温。【联想拓展】 get sb./sth. doing 使某人/某事物起来 get sb. to do sth. 使/让某人做某事 get done 表被动 get作系动词，相当于be get married get engaged get lost get dressed get stuck get burnt get injured 【高手过招】1.根据汉语意思完成句子 （1）The teacher soon

49、got us_. 老师很快使我们思考问题。 （2）We will get a new suit_for you. 我们将很快为你订制一套新衣。 （3）She tried to get him _. 她试图使他说话。 (4) I cant get my clock _ again. 我没法使我的闹钟走起来。 高 效 作 业 自我测评·技能备考.单词拼写1The snow is very _(疏松) and there is a lot of air in it.2His life is _(完全地) given up to work.3The _(幕布) rises and the p

50、lay begins.4Thats _(正是) what I expected.5To send me to college, my parents _(受苦) a lot.6Our workmate has been in danger. Were all c_ about his health.7They come from Germany. They are G_.8On hot summer nights, people like to sit o_， chatting and enjoying the cool air.9Im g _ for your help.10Their age is from 13 to 19. They are called t_.11. Please a_your daughters name to the list.12. I s_from a bad headache after the operation.13. There is a lot of air In the l_snow. It can keep you warm.14. What the public is c_about is wh