第八讲高中英语阅读理解解题方法与能力训练上讲义

1、ok学习网 高考英语阅读理解解题策略与能力训练一、阅读理解题的选材与命题特点: 近几年的高考英语试卷保持了“稳中有变，变中求新，立足语篇”的基本命题思路。在阅读理解方面主要考查考生理解主旨要义、理解文中具体信息、根据上下文推断词义、根据短文判断和推理、理解文章的基本结构以及理解作者的意图与态度等方面的能力。高中英语教学大纲明确规定："侧重提高阅读能力"。纵观近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解能力是高考考查的重点，自始至终占着主导地位，并且有逐年增加的趋势。可以毫不夸张地说，做好阅读理解题，是获得高考英语高分的关键！ 1. 对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点

2、： 高考英语阅读理解着重检测考生对语篇的整体把握能力、根据所提供的语境进行语篇分析的能力以及综合利用有效信息解决实际问题的能力。在近几年的高考中，涉及较低能力要求的事实性和细节性考题的比例虽呈上升趋势，但词义猜测、推理判断和主旨概括等深层次试题仍占很大比重。 2. 选材更趋多样化、现代化和生活化，突显语言与文化相结合的特点： 就体裁而言，阅读材料所选择的文段涉及叙述体、论说体和应用体等多种文体；选材风格保静予连续性，既注重题材的多样化、现代化和生活化，又较为综合地反映了政治、经济、文化和生活的各个方面，贴近生活，贴近时代，体现了“语言是文化的载体”这一重要理念。3. 阅读材料更趋于“原汁原味”

3、，设问方式更加深入：阅读材料基本保留了其原有的语言风格，文章的展开不再是平铺直叙，而是兼有倒叙、插叙等多种方式；一词多义、熟词生义、多种时态的混用、结构复杂的长句、省略句以及插入语等语言现象比较常见。阅读材料的文化含量加大，文章的行文风格更具英语语言的特点，文章的遣词造句也更加地道，许多考生通常要反复阅读几遍才能读懂。 怎么样做好阅读题呢?二、阅读理解题的解题策略策略一、紧扣主旨大意高考英语阅读理解的主旨大意题主要是考查考生在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法对文章进行高度的概括或总结的能力。常见的设问方式有：标题类：what's the best title/

4、headline for the passage？大意类：the text is mainly about _. the topic/subject discussed in the passage is _. from the passage，we can conclude that _. 作者意图类：what's the writer's purpose in writing the passage？（一） 把握文章逻辑结构，快速找出主题:高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构：1、时间顺序。按时间先后顺序说明某一事件、某一理论的发展过程，属于这种结构的文章主题通常在首段或末段。2

5、、“总说-分述”结构。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点，属于这种结构的文章主题在首段。最典型的是新闻报道类文章，此类体裁的文章在近年高考阅读中逐渐增多。一般这类文章都有固定格式：城市名称(新闻社)新闻内容。掌握一些国际知名新闻社的英文名称是必要的，路透社reuters，美联社associated press，法新社agency france press。3、“分述-总说”结构。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。属于这种结构的文章主题在末段。（二）、寻找主题句，确定文章中心思想:不是所有的文章都有主题句，对于大部分有主题句的文章来说，主题句表达了文章的中心思想，找到了主题句，也就抓

6、住了文章的主旨大意。主题句呈现的形式有：1、在文首。文章开门见山，提出主题，随后摆事实、讲道理来解释、支撑和发展主题句所表达的主题思想。2、在文中。通常前面只提出问题，随之陈述细节引出主题，而后做进一步的解释、支撑或发展。3、在文尾。在表述细节后，归纳要点，得出结论，以概括主题。试试看：你能找出下面一段文章的主题句吗？ the panda is a popular animal. stories about the panda in the washington zoo are always front page news and important features on televisio

7、n newscasts. stuffed pandas are among the most popular toys for children, and panda postcards are always in demand in zoo gift shops. 解析：不难看出，文章的第一句是主题句，后面的句子都围绕这个句子展开。 （三）、将首段中心句和各段第一句话连接成一个整体，得出文章主题:通常有些文章会在首段提出一个重要论点，随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度继续阐述，这样我们可以找出首段的中心句，再将其和各段第一句串联在一起，就可以得出文章的中心思想。如：第一段：perhaps to

8、prevent the sadness that infant death caused，a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.第二段：one of these pre-modern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year.第三段：a third practice

9、 which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing.question: which is the best title for the passage？a. societal conditions in pre-modern timesb. practices of reducing maternal attachmentc. poor health service and high infant death rated. differences between modern and pre-modern parents 解析：从第一段的

10、中心句和各段的第一句不难看出，这篇文章的标题应该是practices of reducing maternal attachment.（四）、逆向思维法解标题类问题:针对这类题型，考生不妨思考一下，“如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该怎样写？” 如：question:： what would be the best title for the text？a. a cross-country tripb. a special border passc. an unguarded borderd. an expensive church visit解析：如果标题是a cross-country

11、 trip，那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行；如果标题是a special border pass，那么文章应该着重讲一个特殊的边境通行证；如果标题是an unguarded border，那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防；如果标题是an expensive church visit，那么文章应该讲一次礼拜如何花费昂贵了。经过这样的逆向思维，我们就不难发现文章的标题了。策略二、把握作者意图每一篇文章都有其写作目的。那么作者是如何在文章中体现自己的思想呢？他通过哪些语言向读者传达了自己的感受呢？我们在阅读的同时怎样收集、综合各种信息，体会作者的情感呢？了解这些有助于我们在做阅读理解题时把握作者思路，

12、领会文章内涵，做出正确的选择。要做到这一点，我们需要从两个方面入手：一是把握作者的写作意图，二是把握出题的角度。下面我们就分别分析一下。（一）、对于写作意图的把握:有的文章只是客观地介绍一件事或物，或各方观点，作者不发表自己个人的意见，如一些科技文，新闻事件报道等。这样的文章属于“广而告知型”。要根据客观事实答题，一是一，二是二，凡与事实不符的选项，或文中没有提到的事实，当然都是不能选的。这样的题目难度一般都不会很大。最难于驾驭的是一些故事性、情感经历性的文章。因为作者在行文时会用到一些写作手法，如倒叙、插叙等。往往还会有一些思想、情感的波动。这就需要我们在阅读时认真把握，细心体会。1. 注意

13、连接词的使用：near the end of the last year in middle school，my dad took me to the wildlife refuge. he needed to get some alligator blood to do the experiment. at first，i thought fishing for alligators was a bad idea. what if one tried to eat me？but we had a lot of help，and my dad knew a lot about alligato

14、rs，so it was ok.question:why did the writer think that fishing for alligators was a bad idea at first？a. because the writer was afraid of the fierce alligators.b. because we should protect alligators.c. because the writer was not as brave as his father.d. because the writer knew little about alligat

15、ors.解析：通过第一句可知这是倒叙。我们知道了结果：作者去了野生动物保护区。接下来是作者当初由反感、害怕到最后打消顾虑同意去。都是通过连接词at first，but，so等展开的。弄清了作者的思想波动就不难选出正确答案a了。2.注意一些形容词及某些特定句式的使用:透过一些形容词可以看出作者的倾向，如：isn't that wonderful if we get there by air？(作者希望坐飞机去那里。) 某些句型表面看上去是比较级，而实际上是最高级含义。my mother decided to take me on the trip. it couldn't be

16、better. (it couldn't be better = it's great. 意为“太好了”)某些否定形式的句子实际上是肯定含义：we cannot emphasize the importance of protecting our environment too much. (再怎么强调保护环境的重要性也不过分。) 作者以这样的句子体现自己的观点：必须加大力度保护环境。注意虚拟语气的使用。how i wish i had passed the driving test. (我多么希望已通过了驾照考试呀！)此句暗含的事实是：并没通过考试。3.将自己想象为故事中的主

17、人公，体会其心理感受:有一篇文章，写一个老太太刚刚在海边买了一座别墅，打算在那里度过余生。因为那里的气候湿润温暖，更适合她的健康。此时她站在曾经生活了25年的房子里，最后环顾这曾经装载了她的大半生的房子。所给的问题是：how does the old lady feel at the last moment in her old house？正确答案是：her feeling is complex. 其他的选项, 如she is happy/she is sad等都片面。只要我们设身处地站在老太太的位置上想一想，就不难找到正确答案。 4.把握全篇文脉，仔细揣摩事情发生的背景:我们不仅要掌握一定

18、的语言知识，还需要平时储备一定的逻辑推理能力以及必要的西方的文化背景知识，才能完全领会文章的主旨或者其所渗透出的幽默感。请看下面这篇介绍父子关系的文章。第一句话就开门见山：my father and i were very close. he was always proud of my success. 然后用一个事例说明：if i won a spelling contest at school，he was on top of the world. 如果知道be on top of the world是“高兴至极”的意思，也只是理解了语言的表层含义。接下来：when i was name

19、d president of the ford motor company，i didn't know which of us was more excited.正确理解了上文的铺垫，才会真正领会此句暗含的意味及幽默：实际上父亲比我还高兴。如果对西方人的生活方式及习惯比较了解的话，也不难接受下面的句子：i hugged and kissed my dad at every opportunitynothing could have felt more natural. 我们再来继续欣赏一下父亲鲜明的个性：my father was a curious man who was alway

20、s trying new things. he was the first person in my town to buy a motorcycle. unfortunately，my father and his motorcycle didn't get along too well. he fell off it so often that he got rid of it just a month after buying it. as a result，he never again trusted any vehicle with less than four wheels

21、. 读懂了这些，就不难理解下文中为什么父亲不让“我”拥有一辆自行车，反而当“我”刚满16岁就让我开车了。正确理解了文章的来龙去脉及内涵，对于文后题目的处理也就会轻而易举了。 （二）、对于出题意图的把握:1.正确理解一个事物的两个方面有些题目不是直接照搬原文的话，而是用一些另外的语言表达出同样的意思，因此我们必须掌握用英文解释英文的技能。如一篇介绍辍学学生的文章，文章先后两次谈到学生辍学后的感想。第一次：most students who dropped out of school in the united states admit they made a mistake by giving

22、up and some say they might have stayed if classes were more challenging. 第二次：three out of four said if they could turn back the clock they would choose to stay. 文后的题目是which of the following is right according to the passage？正确答案是：most dropout students hope to go back to school if possible. 虽然原文没有像题目

23、这样明确说明，但其实这是一个事物的两个方面；对于辍学的后悔其实就是希望继续上学。通过正确推断这些文句的含义，即可找出正确答案。2.以文章内容为基础进行判断:有些题目要根据短文的内容来判断正误，这就需要按作者的思路去考虑，站在作者或文章内容中出现的人物的立场上予以辨析，不能依据自己的喜好或认知判断。策略三、合理推理判断:推理判断题在高考中占很大的比重，学生在此类题型中也失分最多。推理判断题要求考生考虑文中信息并在通篇理解文章的基础上领会作者的言外之意，弦外之音做出合理的推理和判断。（一）、理解定义。判断是对已知的事实仔细评价之后做出的合理决定。推理是对事实的内涵所做的陈述或以事实为依据对未知所做

24、的陈述。注意无论是判断还是推理都是以已知事实为依据。（二）、推理题常见的提问形式。常以infer，imply，indicate，suggest，conclude，learn，intend，mean，describe，purpose等词提问。或含有表推测的情态动词，如can，could，might，would等和其他表示可能性的动词，如probably，most likely等。（三）、具体策略1.通过辨认细节的技巧，找到相关的事实或证据，对这些事实或证据进行分析和评价，在此基础上再作决定。切记：推断是以文章提供的事实为依据，而不是凭空想象，更不是读者自己的意愿。2.借助常识。在推理判断题中，我

25、们平时积累的一些常识通常会派上用场。一篇关于通信发展史的阅读最为典型。a. the postal service has over the years become faster. b. the postal service has over the years become slower. 大家都应知道交通越来越发达，邮电业当然是faster. 此篇还涉及到有关发邮件的常识，如果同学们有这个common sense，就如鱼得水了。3. 务必要用排除法。排除法在此类题型中发挥着不可磨灭的作用。根据在文章中找到的事实依据和常识排除错误信息，再排除和文章中一词不差的信息(文章里的原句不会是推理判断

26、出来的结果，但通过同义词或句型转换过的选项有可能是正确答案)，最后再排除无关或偏离信息，正确答案就不言而喻了。4.词句段篇，相互交融。词的理解要放在句子里，句子的理解要靠段，段的理解也离不开篇。单独说floor谁都知道是什么意思，但she was floored to see her own name and address inside the cover，in her own handwriting这个语境里是surprised的意思。因此不能独立地看某个词或某句话。此外，学生对一词多义或一些习语的积累也是很有必要的，这就要靠同学们课下多下工夫了。5.平时扩大词汇量的同时也要注意学习词的深

27、刻内涵。从措辞去寻找文章的感情色彩，猜测作者的态度或写作意图。现举一简单的例子。when the phone finally rang，he leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.从这几个词我们能形象地看出他等电话之久，紧张迫不及待的心情，同时也说明电话之重要，这正是作者的真正意图。例：he is an old cobbler(修鞋匠) with a shop in the marais，a historic area in paris. when i took him my shoes，he at first told me

28、：“i have no time. take them to the other fellow on the main street; he'll fix them right away.”but i'd had my eye on his shop for a long time. just looking at his bench loaded with tolls and pieces of leather，i knew he was a skilled craftsman. “no，” i replied，“the other fellow can't do i

29、t well.”“the other fellow” was one of those shopkeepers who fix shoes and make keys “while-u-wait”-without knowing much about mending shoes or making keys. they work carelessly，and when they have finished sewing back a sandal strap(鞋带)you might as well just throw away the pair.my man saw i wouldn

30、9;t give in，and he smiled. he wiped his hands on his blue apron(围裙)，looked at my shoes，had me write my name on one shoe with a piece of chalk and said，“come back in a week.” i was about to leave when he took a pair of soft leather boots off a shelf.“see what i can do？”he said with a pride. “only thr

31、ee of us in paris can do this kind of work.”when i got back out into the street，the world seemed brand-new to me. he was something out of an ancient legend，this old craftsman with his way of speaking familiarly，his very strange，dusty felt hat，his funny accent from who-knows-where and，above all，his p

32、ride in his craft.these are times when nothing is important but the bottom line，when you can do things any old way as long as it “pays”，when，in short，people look on work as a path to ever-increasing consumption rather than a way to realize their own abilities. in such a period it is a rare comfort t

33、o find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done.question: 1.which of the following is true about the old cobbler？a. he was equipped with the best repairing tools.b. he was the only cobbler in the marais.c. he was proud of his skills.d. he was a native parisian.2. th

34、e sentence “he was something out of an ancient legend.” implied that _.a. nowadays you can hardly find anyone like himb. it was difficult to communicate with this manc. the man was very stranged. the man was too old解析：1.c。 文中多处提到关于自豪的字眼a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job

35、 well done. and he said with a pride. 这正是c项的涵义。a，d是无关信息，文中没有提及。b是错误选项。依据：the other fellow还有only three of us in paris can do2.a。说他像古代传奇中的人物。言行，打扮，尤其对自己手艺的自豪，现代社会罕见。in such a period it is a rare comfort to find a cobbler who gets his greatest satisfaction from pride in a job well done. b，d在文章中没有任何依据，排

36、除。c项的strange很有迷惑性，但文中说到的是strange hat，not the man。策略四、利用信号词进行预测和推测： 在阅读过程中，为了既迅速又准确地理解文章的含义，利用信号词预测非常重要。信号词可以揭示句子内在关系或文章各部分之间的关系。特别是在快速阅读时，它能帮助考生预测文章信息，提高阅读速度。 however, on the contrary, although等信号词，引出的内容是与上文相反的论述，或作者不同的观点。 similarly, equally, also, besides, furthermore, in other words等， 说明下文与前面所讲内容相

37、同或相似。 for example, for instance等，表示具体例证，说明上文中的论点。 for one thing, on the other hand等，表示下文还有另外一方面。 in a word, in short等，表示后面的句子是对上文的总结。 actually, in fact, the point is , a study survey found/ showed/proved that 等，表示后面的句子往往是作者想要表达和强调的内容或观点。 此外，在利用信号词进行预测时，考生还需注意以下三点： 1. 遇到预示前后内容相同或相近，或者补充说明的信号词时，可以适当加快

38、阅读速度，或借此推测生词的词义。 2. 文中出现的频率较高的实词可以帮助考生确定文章的主旨大意。 3. 出现代词i, we, my, our, 转折词but, however, yet，情态动词must, should, ought to, 连词although, though。其后所述内容与刚提到的内容相反，或暗示作者的观点和态度等信号词时，要放慢阅读速度，因为其附近的信息往往是命题和答题的主要线索或依据。 策略五、利用各种已知信息推测判断生词的词义：考生在阅读时一定会碰上生词或记不清楚的词汇。遇到这种情况时，考生可以通过上下文猜测词义。具体方法如下： 1. 根据生词前后词汇的意思或整个句子

39、的意思来猜测生词。例如： the old man put on his spectacles and began to read. 解析：根据句子后部分began to read可以猜出spectacle的意思为“眼镜”。 2. 根据语法知识和标点符号来猜测生词。例如： they will be on the night shift-from midnight to 6 a. m. -next week. 解析：此句两个破折号之间的部分表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。 3. 根据说明词义的定语从句来猜测生词。例如： the type of meter is called multi

40、-meter, which is used to measure electricity. 解析：从上句中的定语从句可以推断出multi-meter是“万能表”的意思。 4. 根据已知事实细节来猜测生词。例如： the family had just moved and the young woman was feeling a little melancholy on that sunday in may. after all, it was mothers day and 800 miles separated her from her parents in another state f

41、ar away. 解析：根据上下文的陈述，“刚刚搬家，远离父母，正好是星期天，又是母亲节，而两代人却天各一方”等事实，可以推断出年轻妻子当时忧郁、伤感的心情，并由此猜测出生词melancholy的意思。 5. 学会只猜测生词的大概意思，而不必追求其准确含义。例如： the asian gibbon, like other apes, is especially adapted for life in trees. 解析：在这句话中，考生只要猜出自gibbon是apes (类人猿) 的一种就行了，毋须知道其准确意思。6. 运用构词法判断生词的词义，也是提高阅读速度的一种技巧。考生可以通过已知的

42、词缀(包括前缀和后缀)和词根就能猜测生词的含义。例如，单词telescope由前缀tele (意思是far)和scope (意思是instrument for seeing or observing)构成，整个单词的意思是“望远镜”。为了熟练使用构词法知识猜测生词，考生在平时应多积累词缀以及词根方面的知识。三、备考建议1. 理解与速度 考生要处理好理解与速度的关系。答题时要力求情绪平稳，不要一味追求速度而影响理解的准确性；不要拘泥于一词一句的理解；不要遇到不懂的地方就反复读，影响阅读速度。比较好的阅读方法是边看边想边理解。遇到生词或看不懂的地方先做个记号，继续看下去，因为一些疑难点往往会在下文

43、中得到解决。 关于阅读速度，难度中等的文章应为每分钟60个单词左右；难度较低、生词不超过总词汇量20的材料，阅读速度应为每分钟70个单词左右。一般来说，“超纲”而又影响阅读理解的词汇都会用中文标出词义。只有保证了阅读的速度才有可能在规定时间内完成阅读、复读及答题的任务。 2. 阅读训练方式 (1) 跳读。就是快速地、一步阅读法。实际上是有选择的阅读，即在文章中找到一个或关键几个词。用这种阅读方法回答who、what、when、where之类的问题最为有效。 (2) 略读。所谓略读是指比跳读慢些的二步阅读法。也就是泛泛地、粗略地快速阅读，目的是了解大意，对文章有个总的概念。此种阅读方法能回答wh

44、y、how之类的问题。 (3) 精读。所谓精读就是用最细致、最慢、最深层的方法阅读，目的是求得对所读文章的全部意义的理解与掌握。在应用这种阅读方法前，首先应用跳读法找到与问题有关联的地方，然后细读。有时候文中有直接回答，有时候回答分布在整篇短文中，需要考生找出，进行释义、归纳、概括等。此种阅读方法能回答需推断、归纳和演绎的题目。 3. 使用阅读技巧,尽量做到： (1) 带着问题阅读短文，根据不同题型，选用不同阅读方法。即先看问题，再决定选用跳读、略读和精读方法，这样做，目的性强，能收到事半功倍的功效。 (2) 找出主题句，确定中心思想。每篇文章均讲述一个主题，不管它有几个段落，它们都围绕着一个

45、中心思想。确定了中心思想，即抓住了关键。随后通读全文，找出重要词语，通常在下面划线，再进行推敲。 (3) 推断单词、句子和通篇的含义。在做阅读理解时，常常会遇到不认识的单词、看不懂的句子等。这时考生不要紧张，而应运用学过的语言知识，通过逻辑思维，去推断出此单词和整个句子的含义。只要静下心来，绝大部分是能推断成功的。 (4) 尽快选择答案。在阅读理解时，如碰到难题，如推断、结论题，不要过多地花费时间，可留下标记，待那些有把握的题目做完后再回过头来做。有时候其它题目做完后，再做难题，能多少受到点启发，对短文的理解也会有所帮助与加深，难题部分也可能就解决了。 4. 高考英语阅读e篇怎么做？高考上海卷

46、中e篇由五段文字组成，每段文字说明一个主题。在试卷中给出af六个由一个或几个单词组成的小标题或由句子表述的主题句，其中有一个选择是干涉项，要求考生找出与各段相匹配的主题。这一部分实际上考核考生通过快速阅读，把握段落大意的能力。它不拘泥于一词一句的理解，而要求对语篇和段落的整体意思的把握。做这类题目的关键是要抓住每段文字的主题思想，而主题思想一般是通过主题句体现出来的。找到了主题句，也就等于找到了主题的关键。主题句往往是一个概括性的语句，包括段落所谈论的主题和围绕该主题展开的某一个方面。该句往往重点呈现一个话题，避免过于笼统或狭窄，是整段的中心。在阅读中应尽量利用上述信号词来确定主题句的位置。有

47、些段落可能找不到主题句，其中心思想包含在各句的字里行间，只有把这些句子归纳一下，才能找出中心思想。如果段落中没有明显的主题句，考生可以找出主题词或词组。然后用这些专题词或词组，概括和归纳段落的中心思想。四、阅读能力训练：example 1 one day a man walked into a pet shop and said to the shop assistant，“i need two small mice and about five dozen roaches (蟑螂) and two spiders.” “what do you need these things for?”

48、the shop assistant was very surprised. “well，”replied the man，“im moving out of my apartment and the landlord insists that i should leave the house in exactly the same condition as i found it.”q： the passage suggests that when the writer moved into the house, it was _.a. very cleanb. just cleaned by

49、 the landlordc. tidy and comfortabled. dirty and full of insects解析：他要搬出所租的房子，而房东要求房屋必须是他租进来时的原样，所以他须买些老鼠和蟑螂等昆虫对房屋进行“恢复”，因此推出答案为d。 example 2 some people are never right. they never have good luck. they usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. and even if what they say or do is ok，they as a

50、 rule say it or do it at the wrong time. so these people always have problems. they often break dishes. they sometimes miss buses and airplanes. mr. neff is different. he is always right. he is never wrong. he usually has good luck. he seldom has problems. he never breaks dishes. he never misses bus

51、es or airplanes. even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or air planes. mr. neff knows almost everything. he doesnt ask questions；he answers questions. he never says，“i dont know.”q： which of the following best describes the writers attitude to mr. neff?a. he finds mr. neff har

52、d to understand.b. he thinks mr. neff wonderful.c. he feels pity for mr. neff.d. he does not like mr. neff.解析：从作者的语气中我们可以体会他的态度，特别是even if he does miss them，it is always the fault of the buses or the airplanes. 误了车或飞机本该是人的失误怎能归咎于车或飞机呢？明显是讥讽，也是暗示他对mr. neff的讨厌之情。答案为d。 example 3 daylight saving time (d

53、st) has been introduced this summer this year dst began on may 4. but next year, “summer time” will begin on the first sunday in april. clocks and other timepieces were set ahead one hour at 2:00 am on sunday, may 4 so that 2:00 am became 3:00 am. they should turn back one hour at 2:00 am on sunday,

54、 september 14. the new time is expected to save one and a half billion kilowatt hours of electricity per year across the country. the new system could also help people form the good habit of getting up and going to bed early, thus raising their work and study efficiency. during the dst period, the a

55、ctual departure (发车) time of trains remains unchanged, but their schedules have been set one hour late.q: according to the passage, we know that _ people should turn their clocks back one hour that year. a. in 132 days b. in 133 days c. in 134 days d. in 4 months解析：应根据基本的日历常识来进行推算。5月剩27天，6月30天，7月31天

56、，8月31天，9月14天。即：27 + 30 + 31 + 31 + 14 = 133（天）example 4a giant dam was built many years ago to control the colorado river in the u.s. this dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.this huge dam is in the black canyon. it is possible to drive a car from one side of the river to t

57、he other on a road， which is on the top of the dam. this dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. the elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. there is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from new york to san francisco. thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.this huge dam was called boulder dam when it was finished in 1936. later it was renamed hoover dam in honor of a president of the united states. hoover dam，one of the highest dams in the world，is situated between the states of arizo