宾语从句致远书屋

1、宾语从句 (要决：语序正常，时态一致)一、明确三种类型    宾语从句根据其引导词的不同可分为三种类型：    1. 由连词that引导的宾语从句，如：he said (that) it was sunday yesterday.     2. 由连词if/whether引导的宾语从句，如：could you tell me if /whether there will be a test next week?    3. 由 which, when等连接代词或连接副词引导的

2、宾语从句，如：i dont know how i can get there.    二、 理顺转换步骤把两个单句组成含有宾语从句的复合句时，合并变化应遵循以下四大要素：1. 确定引导词（连接词）根据从句的句子类型选择正确的引导词。若从句为陈述句，则引导词为that(that在口语中常省略)；若从句是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句，则引导词为if或whether；若从句是特殊疑问句，则引导词由疑问词转化而来的疑问代词/副词。 2. 调整语序宾语从句永远是陈述句语序。若原句是疑问句式，则应将它调整为陈述句语序。(追踪练习)1) is he going

3、to the shop?  i want to know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)  2) when does he get up?  do you know?  (改为含宾语从句的复合句)  3. 变换时态a. 若主句谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句可根据实际情况选用所需要的任何时态。    1) he says (that) he will finish the work tomorrow.    2) i think (that) they have already

4、 gone to beijing.    b. 若主句谓语动词是一般过去时，则宾语从句动词的时态用过去时的某种形式(时态变化规律：一般现在时一般过去时，现在进行时过去进行时，一般将来时过去将来时，一般过去时过去完成时，现在完成时过去完成时，过去完成时过去完成时。) (追踪练习)1) “are you leaving for shanghai soon?” she asked him.2) “what did you do last night?” i asked mary.   4. 变化人称 (要诀为：一从主，二从宾，三不变)宾语从

5、句的句子的主语如果是第一人称，则随主句的主语变（主句主语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第二人称，则随主句的宾语变（主句宾语是第几人称，则宾语从句的主语变为第几人称）；如果是第三人称，则不要变（宾语从句的主语仍用第三人称）。(追踪练习)1) shall i go there? he asked me.   (改为含宾语从句的复合句)     2) will you go there? he asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)       

6、;3) will she go there too? he asked me. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)     三、 加强三点注意    1. 时态不变当宾语从句的内容是客观事实或科学真理等时，不论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。(追踪练习)1) “the earth goes around the sun.”  the teacher said to the students.  (改为宾语从句)2) “the sun rises in the east and sets in th

7、e west.” my father told me. (改为宾语从句)    2. “两副面孔”if和when等既能引导宾语从句，又能引导状语从句。若引导的是宾语从句，它们的时态常用一般将来时；若引导的是状语从句，它们的时态常用一般现在时 (主将从现)。 (追踪练习)    1) i dont know if/when he _ tomorrow. (come) (_从句)    2) if/when he _, hell tell you about it. (come) (_从句) 

8、60;  3. 从句的简化a. 当主句谓语动词为hope, wish, decide, choose, agree等，且主句与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构, 如decide to do sth.。        b. 当主句谓语动词为hear, see, watch等感官动词时，从句常简化为如see sb. do sth./doing sth.    c. 在连接代/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语相一致时，宾语从句可简化为“wh- + to do sth.”结构。 

9、;  (追踪练习)1) he agreed that he could help me with my english.2) i heard that some children were singing some songs.3) i dont know what i should do.   几点注意：1 情态动词might/should/could/would/must不需变化。2 时间状语与部分词语的变化：now then, today that day, yesterday the day beforelast week the week before

10、, tomorrow the next day, the following day,next year the next year, here there, this that, these those, come go, bring take.3 could you please tell me只是一种礼貌用法，并非过去时，宾语从句无需变换时态。-could you tell me what he does? - he is an engineer.4 疑问词作宾语从句主语时，无需考虑语序问题。i dont know what happened to him?do you know wha

11、t is wrong/the matter with him?can you tell me who will give us a talk?5 巧记句型变化： 直接引语间接引语转述陈述句用that引导的宾语从句转述一般疑问句用if/whether引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序)转述特殊疑问句用原来的特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句 (从句用陈述句语序)转述祁使句用句型tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth.(巩固练习) 将下列直接引语转换为间接引语。 变化四要素：人称(一从主，二从宾，三不变)，引导词，时态，语序。 一祁使句系列 (不用考虑引导词，said to sb. _ t

12、old/asked sb. (not) to do sth.)1. “please pass me the plates, tom.” mum said. 2. the teacher said to the students, “please hand in your homework after class.” 3. the policeman said to the children, “dont play in the street.”4. mr. brown said, “dont make such a mistake again, mary.”二陈述句系列 (that引导, 从句

13、时态随主句谓语动词变化，即主句谓动为said, 从句时态改为对应的过去时态，但客观真理不变时态)1. “dick is the tallest in our class.” mike said to his mum.2. “my sister likes music very much.” he said.3. “we have lived here for ten years.” she said.4. mr. green said to the boys, “there are at least seven colours in the light.”5. “i will tell you

14、 as soon as i see you tomorrow.” sally said to tom.6. “my sister is playing music now.” jim told me .7. “seeing is believing.” the teacher told us.8. “i would rather stay at home on holidays.” the boy always says.三一般疑问句系列 (if/whether引导, 从句时态也随主句谓语动词变化，语序为陈述句语序，助动词do, does, did不再出现句中)1. “will he come

15、 tomorrow?” we dont know. 2. “did you see anybody in the park last night?” the police asked the man.3 “would you go with me or stay at home?” david asked mary.4 “does the light travel faster than the sound?” the little boy asked his father.5 “are you watching tv now?” i asked tom.6 will you choose t

16、he red one or the blue one? the shopkeeper asked me.7 are you able to repair the spaceship? the scientist asked the boy.8. did you hand in the project yesterday? the teacher asked the student.9do you like reading books? he asked kelly. 10“could you help me with the work?” he asked.四特殊疑问句系列 (原疑问词引导,

17、从句时态也随主句谓语动词变化，语序为陈述句语序。)1. “what do you usually do at the weekend?” she asked me.2. “how can i get to the station?” he asked the police.3. “where did he go?” i want to know. 4. “how much does this book cost?” he wanted to know. 5. “which one would you like?” mum asked me.6. “how many cards did you

18、get?” she wanted to know. 7. who are you writing to? he asked me.8. how soon are you going back tomorrow? sally asked tom.9. whose child are you looking for? the police asked the woman.10. “how long have you studied english?” i asked him. 五将复合句改成简单句: (主句从句是同一主语，则可以简化为疑问词+ to do) 1. i dont know what

19、i should do next. 2. i dont know how i can play the violin. 3. can you tell me where i can get a dictionary? 4. i wonder who i should ask for help.5. i dont know whether i should discuss it with my parents or not. 6. she has no idea where she should spend her holiday.7. they want to know what medici

20、ne they should take.(综合练习) 一根据所给提示完成下列句子：1mr. li said that he _ _ the book before. (read)2. when we reached the station, the train _ _. (leave)3. he_ _ a teacher for many years before he became a writer. (become)4. he doesnt know _ _ _ _ beijing. (什么时候去)5. mary told john _ _ _ so much. (不要担心)6. miss

21、 liu asked me why i _ _ _ class. (上学迟到)7. sam asked me if i often _ _ _ when i _ at school. (上学时骑车)8. my father told me that he _ _ beijing many times. (visit)9. classes _ _ when i _ to school. (到达时上课了)10. the whole family planned that they _ _ dinner together at the coming weekend. (have)11. tom sa

22、id he _ _ as soon as he _ his homework. (一完成就过来)12. bill said he _ _ a model plane if he _ time. (有时间就会做)13. when alex got to the office, the meeting _ _ _ for 20 minutes. (开始)14. when i arrived at the station, the train _ _ _ for 5 minutes. (离开)15. you should tell the police what you _ _ at about 1

23、0 last night. (do)16. i felt really sorry for what i _ _. (do)17.he told me that he _ _ _ snakes before. (never eat)18. the salesman asked me what he _ _ for me. (can do)19. i asked him if he usually _ morning exercises. (do)20. he said he _ _ today, but we havent seen him yet. (come)二单项选择：1. i hear

24、d your brother _ to england.a. goes b. had gone c. to go d. go2. he said he _ at home if it _.a. would stay, rains b. will stay, rains c. would stay, rained d. stayed, rained3. -a: “can you tell me the way to the hospital?” -b: what did he ask?- c: he asked me _ the way to the hospital.a. if i can tell him b.