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1、nick老师建议:结合视频学习效果更好 第七课: 一般现在时态通过前面的课程的学习,我们已经具备了造简单句的条件了。所以不能等,必须马上开始学习造句。英语造每一句话,都要考虑时态问题。时态是英语的一大特色,也是和中文语法的最大区别之一。 首先,先了解什么是时态。时态的定义:作谓语的动词用来表示动作发生或者状态存在时间的各种形式称为时态。这是语法书的定义,可能不太好理解。我们可以通过中文来理解:我昨天买了一本书 i bought a book yesterday我明天要买一本书 i will buy a book tomorrow我每天买一本书 i buy a book everyday 通过对

2、比,我们不难发现,中文和英文的时间状语都要发生变化,但是中文的动词没有发生变化,都是“买”,而英文的动词发生了变化:“bought” ,“will buy”,“buy”,另外,中文的时间状语放在中间,而英文的时间状语放在句尾(也可以放在句首,但是不常用,主要出现在书面语里面)。现在我们就可以明白了。时态其实就是一个谓语动词随着时间的变化而发生的不同形态变化。所以简称“时态”。在不同时间里的变化称为不同的时态。比如,发生在过去的变化叫做过去时态;在将来的时间发生的变化,叫做将来时态。英语有16种时态。常用的有10种:一般现在时态,一般过去时态,一般将来时态,现在进行时态,现在完成时态,过去完成时

3、态,过去将来时态,过去进行时态,现在完成进行时态,将来进行时态。其他的六种比较少用,并且主要出现在书面语里。 本教程先讲五种最简单常用的时态:一般现在时态,一般过去时态,一般将来时态,现在进行时态,现在完成时态。另外五种在下一个教程里面讲述。 时态是英语语法的一个重点内容。因为中文没有时态变化,所以对于初学者来说可能有点难度。其实时态的构成方式不难学。绝大部分的人可以掌握。难的地方在于,很多人不知道如何运用恰当的时态去表达正确的意思。如何使用正确的时态是我们学习时态的主要目的。而不仅仅是掌握构成方式。在使用英语造句的时候,每一句话都要考虑时态的问题。因为每句话所表达的动作和状态在不同的时间里面

4、,动词的变化是不一样的。 前面的内容提到,我们说的每一句话都可以分为动作的和状态的。也就是两个基本句型:动作的句型(主语+谓语+宾语),状态的句型(主语+be/系+表语)这两种句型的时态构成方式是不一样的。所以,以后讲时态的时候,都要分别讲解这两个句型的构成方式。下面我们来学习第一个时态:一般现在时态 首先,我们要知道,什么时候,我们需要使用一般现在时态。当表示经常性,习惯性,有规律性的动作和状态的时候需要使用一般现在时态。表示真理性,客观性的动作和状态也要使用一般现在时态。(如,地球是圆的,太阳从东边升起,1+1=2)。另外,有一种情况,也要使用一般现在时态。就是:不轻易改变的状态。什么叫不

5、轻易改变的状态?比如:“他是一个男孩”。是男的,不会轻易变成女的。再比如:“这个房子很大”,房子不会轻易变小的。像这样的句子都要使用一般现在时态。(he is a boy.the house is very big.)按照习惯,我们先来学习,状态型的句型在一般现在时态里面的构成方式。一、主语+be+表语 am is are 构成方式很简单,就是把里面的“be”变成 “is are am”。当主语是“i”的时候就用“am”。“am”很特殊的,只有主语是“i”的时候才会出现。当主语是单数的时候用“is”。当主语是复数的时候用“are”。另外,“you”都要用“are”,虽然“you”也有单数“你”

6、的意思。主语和表语都不需要变化。请看下面的例子,注意否定句和一般疑问句的变化方式。1.肯定句 2.否定句 (be 后面加not)i am a teacher. 我是老师 i am not a teacher. 我不是老师she is pretty . 她漂亮 she is not pretty. 她不漂亮you are great. 你伟大 you are not great. 你不伟大they are farmers. 他们是农民 they are not farmers他们不是农民we are students. 我们是学生 we are not students 我们不是学生it is

7、a book. 这是一本书 it is not a book. 这不是一本书3.一般疑问句(把be移到句首,加问号)are you a teacher?你是老师吗?(一般不说,am i a teacher?不会自己问自己的)yes,i am 是的,我是no.i am not不,我不是is she pretty? 她漂亮吗? yes ,she is 是的,(她漂亮)no, she is not(isnt)不,(她不漂亮)括号的文字,中文里面不需要翻译的。are you great? 你伟大吗? yes ,im 是,我伟大 no,i am not不,我不伟大are they farmers? 他们

8、是农民吗?yes,they are .是的,他们是no ,they are not不,他们不是are you students? 你们是学生吗?yes,we are ,是的,我们是no ,we are not(arent)不,我们不是is it a book? 这是一本书吗? yes,it is,是的,这是 no ,it isnt不,这不是二、主语+谓语+宾语 (包括其他几个动作的句型在内) 一般现在时态里面动作的句型,有两种构成方式。第一种是:当主语是第一人称单数和复数(i we), 第二人称单数和复数(you),第三人称复数(they)和名词的复数的时候,谓语动词使用原型。主语和宾语不用发

9、生变化。看下面的例子:1.肯定句i read books every day. 我每天读书。i work every day. 我每天工作i speak cantonese /mandarin.我讲广东话/普通话。they sell fruit. 他们卖水果。2.一般疑问句,在句首加一个助动词“do”,“do”没有意思,只是帮助构成疑问句。do you read books every day? 你每天读书吗? yes,i do 是的,我读 no,i dont不,我不读do you work every day? 你每天工作吗?yes,i do,是的,(我每天工作)no,i dont 不,(我

10、每天不工作) do you speak cantonese/mandarin?你讲广东话/普通话吗?yes,i do,是的,我讲no,i dont不,我不讲do they sell fruit?他们卖水果吗?yes,they do 是的,他们卖 no, they don't 不,他们不卖3.否定句,谓语动词前面加助动词“do”的否定式“ dont(do not的缩写)”i dont read books every day. 我每天不读书。i dont work every day. 我每天不工作。i dont speak cantonese /mandarin.我不讲广东话/普通话t

11、hey dont sell fruit.他们不卖水果。第二种构成方式:当主语是第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词要变成第三人称单数的形式。可能很多人都知道什么是第三人称单数了。但是我还是要讲一下,因为在我教学的过程中,有很多人,没有弄明白第三人称单数。所谓第三人称单数,就是:不是“我”,不是“你”,而是第三者(人或者物),并且是一个(单数)。很多人没有弄清楚,第三人称单数,主要因为受名词前面的定语影响。比如:“your father”,很多人,把“your father”理解成第二人称,因为有一个“your”。但是这里的“your”只是一个定语,“你的爸爸”不是“你”,也不是“我”,是第三个人。而且

12、是一个人。所以“your father”是第三人称单数,不是第二人称。定语“your”不能决定人称。1.肯定句she likes playing pingpong. 她喜欢打乒乓球。(she是第三人称单数,所以要把“like”变成“likes ”he has a cat.他有一只猫he speaks japanese. 他说日语。my father likes wine.我爸爸喜欢喝酒。the dog barks everyday这条狗每天吠2.一般疑问句。句首加助动词“does”,“does”无意义,只是帮助构成疑问句。另外一定要把动词的第三人称单数的格式变回原型。does she like

13、 playing pingpong? 她喜欢打乒乓球吗?yes,she does 是的,她喜欢 no, she doesn't不,她不喜欢。does he have a cat? 他有一只猫吗? yes,he does, 是的,他有 no,he doesnt不,他没有does he speak japanese.? 他说日语吗?yes,he does,是的,他说,no,he doesnt不,他不说。does your father like wine?.你爸爸喜欢喝酒吗?yes,he does,是的,他喜欢no,he doesnt不,他不喜欢。does the dog bark eve

14、ry day?这条狗每天都吠吗? yes,it does 是的,它吠 no,it doesnt不,它不吠3.否定句。谓语动词前面加助动词“does”的否定式“doesnt”(does not的缩写),另外一定要把动词的第三人称单数的格式变回原型。she doesnt like playing pingpong. 她不喜欢打乒乓球。 he doesnt have a cat. 他没有一只猫。he doesnt speak japanese. 他不说日语my father doesnt like wine. 我爸爸不喜欢喝酒。the dog doesnt bark everyday 这条狗每天都不

15、吠。三、一般现在时态的时间状语 一般现在时态的时间状语都是表示经常性,习惯性或者有规律性词语。如:every day 每天 every week每周 on sunday在周日 in the morning在早上。she gets up very late on sunday. 在周日,她很晚才起床。i get up at 9 every morning. 我每天早上九点起床。 另外,一般现在时态的时间状语也可以由频度副词充当。下面是常用的频度副词:always(总是) often (经常) usually (通常) sometimes (有时候) seldom(很少)occasionally

16、(偶尔) never (从不) 不过这些频度副词作时间状语的时候不是放在句尾,而是放在中间,并且有一定的规则。请看下面的规则:频度副词的位置1,放在be,助动词,情态动词后面i am often late.我经常迟到。she is always hard-working.她总是很努力。do you always get up late? 你总是起得很晚吗?can you often read english?你可以经常朗读英语吗?i can often run in the morning.我可以经常在早上跑步。2,放在实义动词前面i often play basketball.我经常打篮球。

17、she always comes back late at night.晚上,她总是很晚回来。(注意,不要因为频度副词“always”在前面,就把“comes”变回原型“come”。这是错的。没有这样的规则。只有助动词和情态动词后面的动词才会变原型)i seldom go shopping .我很少去购物。i usually go home after work.下班后,我通常回家。i sometimes watch tv on sunday.我有时候在周日看电视i sometimes go to see films. 我有时候去看电影。附:相关阅读kittyaugust 7, 1943kit

18、ty is the girl next door. in fair weather, i can watch her playing in the yard through our window. kitty has a wine-red(葡萄酒红) velvet(天鹅绒的)coat for sundays and a cotton one for every day; she has pale-blond hair with tiny braids(编织物), and clear blue eyes.kitty has a sweet mother, but her father is de

19、ad. the mother is a laundress; sometimes she goes out during the day, cleaning other people's houses, and at night she does the wash for her customers.often she shakes out carpets late at night and hangs wash on the line. kitty has six brothers and sisters. the smallest screams a lot and hangs o

20、nto the skirts of his eleven-year-old sister when mother says, "children, it's bedtime!"kitty has a small cat .the cat is so black and it looks like a moor. she takes good care of the kitten, and every evening, before bedtime, you can hear her call, "kitty, kitty, kitty!" tha

21、t's how she is called kitty, which may not be her name at all. she also has two rabbits, a white one and a brown one, they hop up and down in the grass.sometimes kitty is naughty, just like other children. this happens mostly when she quarrels with her brothers. it's a sight to see her fight

22、 with them-she beats, kicks, and even bites them, and the little boys respect their sturdy(强健的)sister. 改编自anne frack's tales from the secret annexmy name is jennifer dale. my friends call me jenny. i'm 16 years old andi live near boston. my town is beautiful and very green. i live here with

23、myparents and my dog, fred. i go to school at jefferson high and i want to become a journalist. in my free time i play volleyball and i listen to "heavymetal" music.-来源于互联网作业:造句。1.状态的句子,造五句,每句话都要变成一般疑问句和否定句。作业示范:she is a singer.is she a singer?yes,she is ,no,she isntshe is not a singer.2动作

24、的句子,主语不是第三人称单数的造5句,每句话都要变成一般疑问句和否定句作业示范:i go home every weekend do you go home every weekend? yes,i do,no ,i dont i dont go home every weekend.主语是第三人称单数的造五句,每句话都要变成一般疑问句和否定句作业示范:she often writes english diaries. does she often write english diaries? yes,she does,no,she doesnt she doesnt often write

25、english diaries. 以上所有的造句作业,可以加上频度副词作状语。另外,状态的句子,用形容词作表语的时候,可以使用第四课形容词附录的常用形容词表里面的形容词。动作的句子,谓语动词可以使用动词不规则表或常用动词表格里面的动词。错例集锦与分析:1.these are driver 错误分析:名词的单复数错了。应该改为drivers2.i don't read book 错误分析:也是名词单复数的问题。可数名词既然有单复数的格式,就一定有区别,如果是一本书,那么就应该加冠词,a book.如果泛指很多书,应该用复数,books3.i am drive car every

26、 day错误分析:典型的分不清动作和状语的错误,开车是动作的句子是没有系动词be的。另外可数名词的单复数问题,一辆车就要加冠词a.应该改为:i drive a car every day4.are you car red?错误分析:名词的单复数,代词都用错了。应该是你的车,就是your car,不是you car.一辆车就用is而不是are.应该改为:is your car red?5.she do not never study错误分析:第三人称单数,用does not.不用do not 而且,本身never就否定了,不需要否定形式了,she never studies.就可以了6.he d

27、oesnt works every day错误分析:在否定句里面,把第三人称单数变回原型。是work不是works7.he usually go to school in the morning.错误分析:he是第三人称单数,go要变成第三人称单数的格式goes8.they always comes back late at night 错误分析:they不是第三人称单数,come不用变成第三人称单数的格式comes9.she have a red handbag,错误分析:she是第三人称单数,不用have,要用has10.my friend give me some books错误分析:m

28、y friend是第三人称单数,give要变成第三人称单数的格式gives1. she is always reads bookin the morning错误分析:每天读书,是表示动作,动作的句子没有系动词is.另外book要变复数或者加冠词,可以改为;she always reads books/a book in the morning练习:1写出括号里动词的正确形式1)mr.zhang (be)an old man.he (be)seventy years old now.he (have) no family.the school (be)his home.he (have) no

29、children.all the boys and girls in this school (be)his children.he (do) some work in the daytime.in the evening many students visit him.the old man (tell) them stories and (teach)them to study hard.2)who (come )to school earliest in your class every morning?3) wang lin _(need)some help. can you help

30、 him?4) -when do you go to school every day?-i (go) to school at 7:00 every day.5)what does he (do) every night?he (read )english novels every night.6)my sister is a teacher.she (teach) english7)my mother (make )soup every weekend 8)we often ( drink )milk in the morning?9)she (tell )a story to her d

31、aughter every night10)they always (meet) mrs chen on the way to school. 11) ann _(wash) her hair every week. 12) they usually_(watch)tv in the evening. 13) the sun _ (rise) in the east and_ (set) in the west14) i usually (have) milk and bread for breakfast15)mike usually _ ( take ) a walk after supp

32、er.16)we _(not watch) tv on monday.17)_ they _(like) the world cup?18)_ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?19)she and i _(take) a walk together every evening.20)my aunt _(look) after her baby carefully.2.选择题1 jenny _ in an office. her parents _in a hospital.a work works b works work c work ar

33、e working d is working work2 one of the boys_ a black hat.a have b there is c there are d has3 we will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.a don't rain bdidn't rain cdoesn't rain disn't rain 4 he said the sun _in the east and _in the west.a rose; set b rises; sets c rises, set d rise; sets5

34、wang mei _ music and often _ to music.a like; listen b likes; listens c like; are listening d liking ; listen6 jenny_ english every evening.a has study b studies c study d studied7.do they have a new car?yes a they are b they have c they dont d they do8.he often supper at 6 oclock in the evening.a h

35、ave b has c is having d is eating9.we any chinese classes on fridaya are having b arent having c dont have d are have10.the picture nicea looks b is looked c is looking d look11. _alice often play the piano. no, she _.a. do; do b. does; does c. does; doesnt 12. _ your penfriend _ in beijing? a. do; live b. do; lives c. does; live 13. tom and mike _ very excited, they will take a trip. a. is b. are c. am 14. i like _ very much. what about you?a. dance b. danced c. dancing 15.

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