介词及基本用法

1、“介词”和“介词短语”的秘密45个基本介词的用法1、about【原始含义】a-b-out “A在B外面”【引申含义】prep （1）在到处，在各处 here and there eg: We wandered about the town for an hour or so. He looked about the room.（2）在附近 next to a place eg. She lives about the office. （3）关于 in connection witheg: a book about English studyI dont know what you are ta

2、lking about. adv （1）大约 close to eg: We left there about 10 oclock. It costs about 500 dollars. （2）到处，各处 eg: The children were rushing about in the garden.（3）在附近 eg : There is no food about. 【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配:一.动词+(about+名词)（1）arrange (about sth) 安排关于某事 （2）argue (about sth) 讨论某事 （3）ask (about sth) 询问关于某事

3、（4）boast (about sb/sth) 吹嘘.（5）care (about sb/sth) 关心,对感兴趣 （6）chat (about sth) 谈论某事（7）complain (about sb/sth) 抱怨（8）dream (about sb/sth) 梦见某人/某物（9）go (about sth) 着手做.；从事.（10）hear (about sth) 听说. （11）know (about sth) 了解.（12）learn (about sth) 得知某事（13）put (about sth) 散布（谣言等）（14）quarrel (about sth) 为.争吵（1

4、5）see (about sth) 负责处理.（16）talk (about sth) 谈论.（17）think (about sth) 考虑. （18）warn sb (about sth) 告诫某人关于某事 （19）wonder (about sb/sth) 对. 好奇（20）worry (about sb/sth) 对.担心二、名词+(about+名词)（1）concern (about sb/sth) 对的关心/关怀（2）curiosity (about sb/sth) 对的好奇（3）doubt (about sb/sth) 对的怀疑（4）ethusiasm (about sth) 对

5、的热情（5）information (about sb/sth) 关于的信息（6）remark (about sth) 对的评论（7）opinion (about sth) 对的意见（8）view (about sb/sth) 对.的观点三、be+adj+(about+名词)（1）be angry (about sth) 为而生气（2）be anxious (about sth) 为忧虑 （3）be careful (about sth) 当心（4）be cautious (about sth) 谨防.；对.持谨慎态度（5）be certain (about sth) 确信关于某事（6）be

6、curious (about sth) 对感到好奇（7）be disappointed (about sth)对感到失望（8）be excited (about sth)对感到兴奋（9）be glad/happy (about sth)对感到高兴 （10）be hopeful (about sth)对抱有希望（11）be crazy/mad/wild (about sth) 对痴狂；酷爱某事（12）be nervous (about sth) 为感到不安/因.感到紧张（13）be optimistic/positive (about sth) 对.是积极乐观的（14）be particular

7、 (about sb/sth) 对. 讲究，挑剔（15）be sad (about sth)为而难过（16）be serious (about sth)对认真（17）be sorry (about sth) 对.抱歉 作副词时的搭配: 名词+动词+about（1）sth come about 某事发生（2）sth get about 某事（尤指消息等）传开（3）sb turn about 某人转身（4）sb wander about 某人徘徊，游荡（5）sb walk about某人走来走去2、above【原始含义】a-b-over “A在B上方” 【引申含义】prep. （1）在上方 at

8、or to a higher place than sth/sbeg: The sun rose above the horizon.（2）数目大于/重量超过/价格（能力、地位）高于 more than sth.; greater in number, level or age than sb./sth. eg: There is nothing in the store above 50 cents.（3）重要性或质量超过、胜过 of greater importance or of higher quality than sb/sth eg. I rate her above most o

9、ther players of her age. （4）声音超过 louder or clearer than another sound eg: I couldnt hear her above the noise of the traffic. （5）不至于，不屑于做某事 too good or too honest to do sth eg. She is above suspicion. 【常见搭配】一、动词+(above+名词)（1）live ( above ones income) 入不敷出地生活（2）put A (above B) 把A看得比B更重要（3）rise (above

10、sth) 克服.,不受.的影响（4）talk (above ones head) 高深莫测地谈论二、be+(above+名词)（1）be (above oneself ) 兴高采烈= be in ones high spirit（2）be (above ones head)难以理解/超出某人理解能力3、across 【原始含义】a-grass “一片草坪”，across指在平面上经过，就像人走过一片草坪那样。【引申含义】prep. （1）穿过from one side to the other sideeg: She walked across the road.（2）在.对面 on the

11、other side of sth.eg: The bar is just across the street.（3）交叉 crosseg: He sat with his arms across his chest.（4）在.各处，遍及. everywhere eg. The opinion is common across the university. 【常见搭配】动词+(across+名词)（1）A come (across B) A偶遇B（2）A cut (across B)A走B捷径；A打断B（3）A go (across B) A穿过B（4）A put (across B)A 解

12、释清楚B；A把B送到对岸（5）A run (across B) A横穿B；A偶然碰到B 4、after【原始含义】“A在B之后（强调顺序）” 【引申含义】prep（1）在之后 （时间顺序、空间顺序） later than sth; following sth in time eg: After dinner, they went out for a walk.（2）在后面，仅次于（按重要性）next to the following eg. Your name comes after mine in the list. （3）与对照、对比 in contrast to sth eg. It w

13、as cool after the heat outside. （4）照着的样子 following the example of sb/sth eg: Read the sentence after me, please.adv 后来、以后 later in time, afterwordseg:Soon after, she came back to her hometown. The prince and princess lived happily ever after. 【常见搭配】作介词时的搭配一、名词+动词+(after+名词)（1）A chase (after B) A追赶/追

14、求B（2）A go (after B) A追逐B.（3）A look (after B) A照顾B.（4）A model (after B) A 以B为榜样、原型；A效仿B（5）A name (after B) A用B作名字.（6）A run (after B) A追求/追赶/追逐B.（7）A search (after B)A研究B.（8）A see (after B)A照顾B（9）A seek (after B)A寻找B.（10）A take (after B)A与B相像.二、（after+名词）（1）(after a 

15、while)过了一会，不久（2）(after all) 毕竟；终究（3）(after ones own heart) 正合.的心意；5、against【原始含义】a-g-a“相对”【引申含义】 prep（1）碰着、靠着 touching, close to or hitting sb/stheg: She was leaning against a tree.（2）反对 opposing or disagreeing with sb./stheg: We should fight against crimes.（3）预防 in order to prevent sth from happeni

16、ngeg: Save money against a rainy day. 未雨绸缪（4）违反（违反法律、制度） eg: It is against the law to hunt tigers.（5）不利于 not to the advantage or favor of sb./stheg: What he said is against him.（6）映衬 with sth in the background as a contrast Eg. The red flag stood out clearly against the blue sky. （7）和相比 in contrast

17、to sth eg. You must weigh the benefits against the cost. 【常见搭配】一、动词+(against+名词)（1） act (against sth) 违反.（2） argue (against sth) 为.而争辩/据理反对（3） compete (against sb) 与某人比赛/竞争/对抗（4） decide (against sth/doing sth) 考虑后不做某事/声明反对某事（5） declare (against sb/sth) 表态反对. （6） fight (against sth) 反对；与.做斗争（7） go (a

18、gainst sth) 违反（8） inform (against sb) 告发、检举某人（9） lean (against sth) 靠着某物/斜靠某物（10）offend (against sth)违犯（11）press (against sth) 压在上（12）protect (against sth) 保护免受的伤害（13）prepare (against sth) 防备（14）strike (against sth) 罢工抗议.（15）struggle (against sb/sth) 与.搏斗/反抗（16）turn (ag

19、ainst sth) 背叛 （17）vote (against sth) 投票反对（18）warn sb (against sth)     提醒某人提防某事二、be+adj+(against+名词)（1）be prejudiced (against sb/sth) 对. 持有偏见（2）be proof (against sth) 可防止的（3）be set (against sth) 坚决反对.6、around【原始含义】a+round“A在一个圆里面（在一定范围内）” 【引申含义】prep（1）在周围,围绕 surrou

20、nding sb/stheg: There are many bars around the town.（2）在附近，到处 in or to many placeseg: I showed him around our campus.adv（1）大约approximately eg: There are around 1000 people watching the game.（2）在周围 eg : How can you make the wheel go around? （3）在附近、到处 eg: I ran around to find him. 【常见搭配】作介词时一、动词+(arou

21、nd+名词)（1）center (around sth) 以.为中心,集中于.（2）look (around sth) 环顾.；游览.；（3）wrap (around sth) 缠绕住；环绕.；二、around +名词（1）(around the corner) .靠近、临近、快来了；（2）(around the clock) 日夜不停地；夜以继日地作副词时名词+动词+around（1）sb gaze around 某人向四周看，环视（2）sth get around 某事（尤指消息、谣言等）走动、流传（3）sb/sth turn around 某人或某物转身7、at【原始含义】“在场所，时间

22、上的一点”【引申含义】prep. （1）小地点,或小时间点 used to say where sb/sth is or when sth happens eg: Usually, he is (at his office) (in the morning). She went to school (at 8 oclock) (in the morning). （2）在几岁时 the age (at which sb does sth) eg: She was married (at 23). （3）向，朝某人或某物 in the direction towards sb/sth eg: Do

23、nt point at me. knock at the door, shoot at the tiger, aim at the enemy （4）从相隔远的地方 the distance away from sth eg: Can you read that poster (at fifty miles)? Youd better keep him (at a distance). （5）处于某种状态 the situation sb/sth is in eg: Mr. Smith is (at lunch). The country is (at war). Bill was (at h

24、is best) in college. (at ones best: 某人的辉煌时期)（6）在某方面 in terms ofeg: I am not good (at football). （7）表示引发某种情绪或动作的原因 to show the cause of sth eg: He showed no sign of pleasure (at seeing her). I was delighted (at the result)+. 【常见搭配】一、动词+(at+名词) （1）aim (at sth) 以为目标；瞄准；针对；（2）arrive (at sth) 到达某地或某种程度（3

25、）blush (at sth) 对.感到脸红；（4）come (at sb/sth) 攻击某人；发现某事（5）fire (at sth) 向.开火（6）gaze (at sb/sth) 凝视, 注视.（7）get (at sth ) 到达, 接近.；着手.；暗指.；意知.;（8）glance (at sb/sth) 一瞥，扫视.（9）glare (at sb/sth) 对.怒目而视（10）grab/grasp (at sb/sth) 抓住. （11）knock (at sth) 敲 （12）laugh (at sb) 嘲笑某人（13）look (at sb/sth) 看（14）point (a

26、t sb/sth) 指向/ 瞄准 / 针对（15）run (at sb/sth) 向某人冲去； 达到某种水平（16）shoot (at sth) 朝射击（17）shout (at sb) 朝某人喊叫（18）smile (at sb) 向某人微笑（19）target (at sb/sth) 瞄准，以为目标（20）wonder (at sth) 对好奇/对感到吃惊（21）yell (at sb) 对某人大喊大叫二、(at+名词)（1）(at the age) (of some number) 在几岁（2）(at an altitude) (of some number) 在某个高度（3）(at t

27、he cost/expense)(of sth) 以.为代价（4）(at the end) (of sth) 在.的结尾（5）(at the request) (of sb) 应某人的请求（6）(at the risk) (of sth/doing sth) 冒着.的风险（7）(at the sight)(of sb/sth) 一看见.（8）(at a speed)(of some number) 以.的速度（9）(at the thought)(of sb/sth) 一想到.（10）(at birth) 出生时（11）(at bottom) 其实，实际上（12）(at ones comman

28、d) 听候的差遣（13）(at the corner) 在拐角处（14）(at dawn/daybreak) 在黎明, 在拂晓（15）(at a discount) 减价、折扣（16）(at first) 最初，开始时（17）(at hand) 在手边，即将发生（18）(at home) 在家/国内 （19）(at large) 自由，逍遥法外（20）(at length) 详细地（21）(at last) 最后，终于（22）(at least) 至少，起码（23）(at leisure) 有空，闲暇时（24）(at the moment) 现在，眼下.（25）(at any price) 不

29、惜任何代价，无论如何（26）(at one time) 过去，曾经，一度（27）(at the same time) 同时（28）(at work)在工作三、be+adj+(at+名词)（1）be angry (at sb/sth) 对.生气（2）be competent (at sth) 在.方面有能力（3）be delighted (at sth) 对.感到非常高兴（4）be disappointed (at sb/sth)对.感到失望（5）be dissatisfied (at sb/sth) 对.不满意（6）be expert (at sth/doing sth) 专长，擅长于，精通（

30、7）be skilled (at sth/doing sth) 在.方面有技能，熟练（8）be gifted (at sth/doing sth) 在.有天赋（9）be good (at sth/doing sth) 擅长.（10）be hopeless (at sth/doing sth) 对.感到绝望；对.一筹莫展（11）be mad (at sb/sth) 对.愤怒（12）be surprised (at sb/sth) 对.感到吃惊（13）be terrfied (at sth/doing sth) 被. 惊吓（14）be weak (at sth/doing sth) 在.方面欠缺，

31、差8、before 【原始含义】be+fore“在之前“（时间、空间、顺序）”【引申含义】prep.（1）时间上 earlier in timeeg: Please come back (before 10:00pm).（2）空间上earlier in positioneg: Dont put the cart (before the horse).（3）顺序上earlier in order or arrangementeg: Health should come (before wealth).（4）当（某人）面 in the presence of sb eg : She charged

32、 him of murder (before the jury). 【常见搭配】：一、动词+(before+名词)（1）A come (before B) A在B之上，比B更重要（2）complain (before sb) 在某人面前控诉（3）go (before sb) 出现在某人面前（4）put/set A (before B) 把A看的比B重要（5）stand (before sb/sth) 站立在前面二、（before +名词）（1）(before day) 破晓之前（2）(before long) 不久以后（3）(before one's eyes) 当着某人的面（4）(b

33、efore time) 提前（5）(before the wind) 顺风（6）(before the world) 在众人面前9、behind【原始含义】be + hide “在之后”【引申含义】prep （1）空间上，在后面 at the back of sb/sth eg: A dog is running (behind us).A dog is running (after us).（2）是产生的原因 responsible for stating or developing stheg: There must be someone (behind it). Whats (behin

34、d that happy smile)? （3）时间上，在之后 sth is in the pasteg: New York is 12 hours (behind Beijing) (in time).(4）能力上，在之后 making less progress than sb./sth eg: Hes (behind the rest of others) (in reading). （5）支持，赞成 giving approval of sth eg : My mother is always (behind me) (whatever decision I make). adv在后面

35、，在远处eg: She rode (along the street) (with her dog) (running behind). 作介词时：一、动词+(behind+名词)（1）fall/ lag (behind sb/sth) 落在后面（2）go (behind sth) 进一步斟酌They will go behind the decision.二、（behind +名词）（1）(behind bars) 在狱中（2）(behind sbs back) 在背后（3）(behind the schedule/time) 晚点、推迟（4）(behind the times)

36、过时、落伍作副词时：（1）sb stay/ remain behind 某人（在他人走后）逗留，留下（2）sb wait behind 某人（在别人走后）留下（3）leave sth/sb behind忘带，留下某物；超越某人10、beside【原始含义】be+side “在边上”【引申含义】prep.（1）在.旁边 next to; by the side of eg: a town (beside the sea) She sat (beside the teacher).（2）与.相比 compared with eg: My work is so poor (beside yours)

37、.【常见搭配】（beside+名词）（1）(beside oneself) 高兴的不得了（2）(beside the point) 离题，不中肯；与无关11、besides【原始含义】beside+s“除外，还有”in addition to sb/sth prep eg: There were two other students (in the classroom) (besides Tom).【常见搭配】besides+名词/动名词eg: We have a lot (in common) (besides music). (Besides working) (as a doctor),

38、 he also writes a lot of stories. 12、between【原始含义】be-two-in“在两者之间”【引申含义】 prep. （1）空间、时间、顺序、等级上，在两者之间 in the middle of two things in terms of space, time, order, class etc. eg: (Between two strange buildings) stands a tree. His age is (between sixty and seventy).（2）表示两者之间的某种关系 to show a connection or

39、 relationship eg: He has to decide (between life and death). There is a great difference (between the two articles). You should learn between lines（字里行间）.（3）合用、共享 shared by two or more people or things eg: This is a secret (between you and me). （仅在我们俩之间）. We drank a bottle of wine (between us). 【常见搭

40、配】一、动词+(between+名词) （1）draw a clear dividing line ( between sth) 明显区分（2）make a difference (between sb/sth) 区别对待（3）read (between lines) 读出字里行间的言外之意（4）stand (between sth/sb) 阻碍 二、名词+(between+名词)（1）balance (between A and B) A 和B的均衡We should always consider the balance (between cost and benefit).（2）conn

41、ection (between sth/sb) 某人或某物之间的联系 13、beyond【原始含义】be+yond “（在彼处）“在之外”【引申含义】：prep. （1）在较远的一边 on the further side of sth eg: The village is beyond the mountain. （2）时间上晚于 later than a particular time eg: It wont go on (beyond midnight). （3）超出某人的能力范围，非所及 far too advanced for sb eg: The bag is (beyond my

42、 reach). （4） 表示是不可能的 to say that sth is impossible eg: The bicycle is (beyond repair). 【常见搭配】一、(beyond+名词)（1）(beyond ones ability/strength/power) 超越某人的能力（2）(beyond belief) 难以置信（3）(beyond comparison) 无法比喻（4）(beyond cure) 无可救药（5）(beyond control) 无法控制（6）(beyond doubt/suspicion) 不容置疑（7）(beyond ones wild

43、est dreams) 做梦也想不到 （8）(beyond ones endurance) 无法忍受（9）(beyond expression) 无法表达 （10）(beyond imagination) 超出想象（11）(beyond measure) 无法估量（12）(beyond praise) 赞美不完，称赞不绝（13）(beyond price) 极其珍贵，无价的 （14）(beyond ones reach) 在某人够不着的地方（15）(beyond reason) 不合理（16）(beyond recognition) 难以认出（17）(beyond repair) 无法修复（1

44、8）(beyond the seas) 到海外（19）(beyond understanding) 难以理解（20）(beyond words) 无法形容She is very beautiful.She is elegant.Her beauty is beyond words.（21）(beyond sb)为某人所不能理解 二、动词+(beyond+名词)（1）go (beyond sth) 超出., 超过.（3）see (beyond sth) 预料.；预见.14、by【原始含义】 “在旁边”【引申含义】prep.（1）在旁边 at the side of eg: We prefer a

45、 table (by the window).（2）不迟于，在之前 before eg: We have studied several prepositions (by now). I shall have finished the work (by the time you return).（3）表示方式 in which way sth is done eg: I go to school (by bus). （4）通过;根据 according to sth eg: He can tell the direction (by the stars). Dont judge a perso

46、n (by his looks).（5）按计算 the degree or amount of sth eg: Eggs are usually sold （by dozen）. The temperature has risen （by 5 degrees）.（6）由于 as a result of eg: They met (by chance). I did it (by mistake). （7）被 used eg: He was shocked (by what he had seen).（8）表示触及或抓住人物的部分 used to show the part of sb that

47、 another person catches eg: I seized her (by the hair). （9）表示逐步推进; the rate sth happenseg: He is making progress (day by day). （10）以的名义 in the name of eg: I swear (by Almighty God) (that I will never betray my country). adv. （1）经过 past eg: Time goes by quickly. He hurried by (without speaking to me)

48、. （2）短暂拜访 eg: Please drop by (when it is convenient) (for you). 【常见搭配】作介词时：一、by+名词（1） (by accident/chance) 偶然地（2） (by coincidence) 巧合地（3） (by all means) 想尽一切办法、一定要（4） (by means)(of sb/sth) 借助于（5） (by no means) 绝不，一点儿也不（6） (by appearance) 从外表（7） (by comparison) 相比之下（8） (by contrast) 对比之下（9） (by definition) 根据定义，实质上（10）(by hand) 人工地（11）(by heart) 靠记忆，背诵（12）(by mistake) 错误地（13）(by nature) 天性上，本质上（14）(by turns) 轮流地（15）(by the way) 顺便说一下二动词+（by+名词）（1）come (by sth) (尤指通过努力）获得; 偶然得到（2）go (by sth) 顺便走访（3）judge sb/sth (by sth)通过判断，断定某物或某人（4）live (by sth) 以.为生计；遵守，遵循（5）pass (by sth) 经过；不考虑，回避