简单句的五种基本句型

1、- Sophia英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主谓主谓) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主谓宾主谓宾)4.+IO +D( (主谓间宾主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）5.5.+ + +O( (主谓宾主谓宾 宾补宾补) ) 基本句型 一 + +（主谓）（主谓） 此句型的句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1. Time 2. The moon 3. The man4. We

2、 all 5. Everybody 6. I 7. They 8. He 9.He10.Theyflies. rose. cooked. eat, and drink.laughed. woke. talked for half an hour.walked yesterday.is playing.have gone. 常用的不及物动词（vi.) run, swim, jump, rise, laugh, fly, come, go等。 （ wash, sell, record, wear, read, write等与well, easily等副词连用，也构成主谓。） 基本句型 三 + +

3、+ +（主谓宾）（主谓宾） 此句型句子的共同特点是谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语) 1. Who 2. She 3. He 8. He 5. They 6. I 7. He the answer? her. English. cakes. some apples. to have a cup of tea. Good morning. knows laughs at understands made ate want said 基本句型 四+ +IO +D+

4、IO +D( (主谓间宾直宾主谓间宾直宾 此句型的句子谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是指人，另一个是指物, 通常指人的宾语用一个介词（to或for）来连接，当指人的宾语在指物的宾语之前时，这一介词往往被省略。（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3. He 8. He 5. I 6. I 7. I 4. He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himhusband heryou her him him mea new dress. a delicious

5、meal. a dictionary. nothing. my pictures. a hand. how to run the machine. that the bus was late. My friend lent me this book last week. tell/news/the day before yesterday 主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +间接宾语间接宾语+ +直接宾直接宾语语 S + V +(sb)+(sth)S + V +(sb)+(sth) 常用的带双宾语的动词常跟双宾语的动词 give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask,

6、bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost make, buy, do, get, save, cook, sing, find等。tofortake, give, teach, bring, lend, mail, offer, pass, hand, sell, send, show, throw, answer, award, write, grant, permit, promise, paydo, buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint,

7、play(演奏演奏)，save, sing, 基本句型 五 + + + +（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补） 此句型的句子特点是： 动词虽然是及物动词，但是一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语才能使意思完整。（及物）（及物）O（宾语）（宾语） O（宾补）（宾补）1. We 2. They3. They 4. They5. What 6. We 7. He 8. I the table the door supper the house him him me them clean. green. dinner. dirty. sad? out. to come back. get

8、ting on the bus. keep painted call found makes saw asked saw主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 S + V + (O) + (OC) I found him lying in bed.notice/thief/steal/houseI asked him to do his homework. she/advise/him/listen/every day she/allow/me/use/dictionary主语主语+ +及物动词及物动词+ +宾语宾语+ +宾语补足语宾语补足语 S + V + (

9、O) + (OC) 常用的带复合宾语的动词 think, consider, feel, find, have, see, hear, notice, get, leave, ask, tell,etc. 基本句型基本句型 二二 + + + +（主系表）（主系表） 此句型的句子谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。Our school became larger and larger. city/become/beautiful feel/happy主语主语 + + 系动词系动词 + + 表语表语系动词主要分

10、三类：be, look, feel, smell, taste, soundseem, appear get, grow, become, turn, go, come, prove (turn out)变得stay, keep, remain保持 be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义 表语表语 从位置上来讲，从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词。没有表语，就没有系动词。 从意义上讲，从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语

11、的性质、特表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。等来充当。 系动词是主系表结构的核心，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。练习1今天我感觉不太舒服。2 他看上去很累。3 你的汤味道很好。4 她似乎对计划不感兴趣。I dont feel very well today.He looks

12、 very tired. Your soup tastes very good. She doesnt seem very interested in the plan. 5 天越来越冷了。6 孩子不久就睡着了。7 他长得相当高了。8 听到这消息她脸色变得苍白。 Its getting cold. Soon the child fell asleep.She went pale at the news. He has grown quite tall. 1. They work hard. 2. The desk feels hard. 3. Plants need water. 4. He

13、gave me some seeds. 5. We should keep the plants in the shade.1.They work hard. 主 + 谓2.The desk feels hard. 主 + 系 + 表3.Plants need water. 主 + 谓 + 宾4.He gave me some seeds. 主 + 谓 + 直宾 + 介宾5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补英语五种基本句型：1.1.+ ( (主谓主谓) )2.2.+ ( (主系表主系表) )3.3.+ (主谓宾主谓宾)

14、4.+IO +D( (主谓间宾主谓间宾 直宾）直宾）5.5.+ + +O( (主谓宾主谓宾 宾补宾补) )典型句子分析 除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。We found the hall full.我们发现礼堂坐满了。We found the great hall full of students and teachers. 我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师。We found the great hall full of student

15、s and teachers listening to an important report.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听一个重要报告。We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the Peoples Daily on current affairs in East Europe.我们发现大礼堂坐满了学生和教师，在听人民日报的一位同志作有关东欧局势的重要报告。 不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时

16、，应掌握动词的类型。Hes getting angry. (S V P)Youll get a surprise. (S V O)He got his shoes and socks wet. (S V O OC) He got himself into trouble. (S V O OC)He got her a splendid present. (S V IO DO)比 较I found the book easily.（S V O AD)I found the book easy. (S V O OC)He often looks very careful.He often looks carefully at