阅读理解主旨题

1、阅读理解之主旨大意题阅读理解之主旨大意题近几年广东省高考阅读理解主旨大意题近几年广东省高考阅读理解主旨大意题: :年份年份主旨题主旨题2007320082200912010120111201231). 主主要内容要内容型型(main idea,mainly about) the main idea of the passage isthe passage is mainly aboutwhich of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?what is the passage mainly a

2、bout?2). 文章文章标题标题型型(topic 或或 title)the best title for the passage might be3). 写作写作目的目的型型(purpose)the passage is meant to .the purpose of this article is to 1.主要内容型主要内容型(main idea, mainly about)(1)弄清文章的大意弄清文章的大意, 关键是关键是找到主题句找到主题句。(2)主题句的位置主题句的位置typethe position of the topic sentenceat the beginning文首

3、文首at the end 文末文末in the middle 文中文中no clear topic sentence没有明显的主题句没有明显的主题句1 smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health. experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. besides，the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems.

4、for example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. finally, studies have shown it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. is it worth it?.2 often no one looks more guilty than the innocent. on the other hand, nobo

5、dy may look more innocent than a professi- -onal criminal. and the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying to hide his own weakness. so, it is foolish to try to judge a person only by his appearance 3 if you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certai

6、nly draw your attention: “color tv. only 79. two days sale. hurry.” however, when you go to the store ready to buy. you may discover that they are sold out. but the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model. a much better set which is “just right for you” it costs 395. this sales

7、 method is called “bait and switch”. buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. the paragraph could be entitled _. a. buying a tv set b. a selling

8、method c. buyer beware d. tv on sale (detail)(detail)(detail) 4 tom studied four years at the university of paris and decided to leave before his graduation. he transferred to the university of berlin and graduated with honors. harvard law school and, later, boston college provided him with an excel

9、lent legal background. he is presently a corporation lawyer in miami, florida.the main idea of this paragraph is that _.a. tom, who had studied at paris universities for four years, moved to another university.b. tom became a lawyer since his graduation from harvard law school and later from boston

10、college.c. tom was an excellent student when he studied at berlin university.d. tom received an excellent education.detaildetaildetail（3）各段的主题句也常在）各段的主题句也常在该段的首句或尾句。该段的首句或尾句。 议论文、说明文或者夹叙夹议的文章一般有议论文、说明文或者夹叙夹议的文章一般有主题句；如果是主题句；如果是纯记叙文通常没有主题句纯记叙文通常没有主题句,需要需要归纳归纳。若无明显主题句，就通过。若无明显主题句，就通过关键词句关键词句来概括来概括(如议论

11、文中寻找表达如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词作者观点态度的词句句，记叙文寻找，记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词人物特点的形容词) 。 另外，文中如果出现两种或两种以上的不同观另外，文中如果出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心点时，务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。的。找主题句的四个小窍门：找主题句的四个小窍门：1).段落中出现表段落中出现表转折转折的词语的词语(如如however, but, in fact, actually等等)时时, 该句很可能是主题句。该句很可能是主题句。 2).首段出现疑问句时首段出现疑

12、问句时, 对该对该问题的回答问题的回答很可能很可能就是文章主旨。就是文章主旨。3).作者有意识地作者有意识地反复重复的观点反复重复的观点, 通常是主旨通常是主旨; 反复出现的词语反复出现的词语, 一般为体现文章主旨的关一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。键词。4).表示表示总结或结论总结或结论的话常有的话常有so，therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等。等。challenge yourself！做学案的做学案的page 1 典例典例1归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误，需要同学们注意同学们注意: : 1)1)以偏概全

13、以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题。侧面就误以为是主题。 2)2)过于笼统。过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证。 3)3)把自己的观点强加给作者。把自己的观点强加给作者。读者往读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。视了作者的见解。2.文章标题型文章标题型(title，entitle) 文章标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括文章标题就是对文章的主要意思的概括, 因此因此, 解答这类题的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法基本相同解答这类题

14、的方法与解答主旨要义题的方法基本相同, 都是寻找主题句都是寻找主题句, 或归纳主要内容。但主要内容题或归纳主要内容。但主要内容题(main idea, mainly about)题的选项多用句子的形式题的选项多用句子的形式, 而而标题多用短语标题多用短语(特别是名词短语特别是名词短语)的形式的形式, 且具有以且具有以下下3个特点：个特点：(1)概括性概括性: 准确而又简短准确而又简短,一般要求能覆盖全文一般要求能覆盖全文.(2)针对性针对性: 内容范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小内容范围要恰当，既不能太大，也不能太小, 不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。不能随意改变语言表意的程度及色彩。(3

15、)醒目性醒目性: 新颖奇特新颖奇特, 能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望。能引发读者急迫的阅读欲望。challenge yourself！做学案的做学案的page 2 典例典例1推敲选项正误的小窍门：推敲选项正误的小窍门：1.正确选项一般正确选项一般不出现细节信息；不含过分不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对意义的词；肯定或绝对意义的词；一般一般含有概括性词语含有概括性词语，一般一般概括全面、范围一致、说明道理。概括全面、范围一致、说明道理。2.干扰项特点：干扰项特点：(1)概括范围概括范围太窄太窄, 只含局部信息或某个细节只含局部信息或某个细节; (2)概括范围概括范围太宽太宽, 所表达的内容超出或多于

16、文所表达的内容超出或多于文章阐述的内容章阐述的内容; (3)无关信息无关信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言：即文章中未提到、或找不到语言依据的信息。依据的信息。3.写作目的型写作目的型(purpose，intend to, meant to, in order to）等。）等。1.我们可以我们可以根据文章的主旨和体裁根据文章的主旨和体裁来推断作者的写作目来推断作者的写作目的。因此的。因此, 文章的首尾段或每段的首尾文章的首尾段或每段的首尾是阅读的重点是阅读的重点, 作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。作者的写作意图往往就隐含在其中。2.作者写文章的目的通常有三种作者写文章的目的通常有三种, 与之对

17、应的文章如下：与之对应的文章如下：1). 揭示一个道理揭示一个道理（夹叙夹议夹叙夹议）；愉悦读者（）；愉悦读者（纯记叙文纯记叙文）2).告知读者某些信息告知读者某些信息：多见于新闻报道类科普类：多见于新闻报道类科普类文化类或社会类等的文化类或社会类等的说明文说明文。3).说服读者接受某种观点说服读者接受某种观点：常见于：常见于广告或议论文广告或议论文。广告。广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务：吸引更多的游客读者或订户观众等读者或订户观众等;议论文是为了说服读者接受或议论文是为了说服读者接受或赞同某一观点。赞同某一观点。challenge yourself！做学案的做学案的page 4 典例典例2summary一一. 文首找主题句文首找主题句, 提炼文章标题提炼文章标题; 新闻报道新闻报道, 说明文说明文, 议论文议论文二二. 文尾找主题句文尾找主题句, 提炼标题或归纳大意提炼标题或归