【步步高人教版】2016届高三英语大一轮复习《Book1Unit5NelsonMandela—amodernhero》文档

1、重点识记词汇1.quality n质量；品质；性质2.mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的3principle n法则；原则；原理 4.out of work失业5attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 6.as a matter of fact事实上7turn to求助于；致力于 8.lose heart丧失勇气或信心9escape vi.& vt.逃脱；逃走；避开 e to power当权；上台11set up设立；建立 12.opinion n意见；看法；主张13president n总统；会长；校长；行长 14.vote vt.& vi.投票；选举 n投票；选票；表决

2、15in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的处境中 16.guidance n指导；领导guide v指导17beg vi.请求；乞求beggar n乞丐18sentence vt.判决；宣判be sentenced to被判处(徒刑)19self n自我；自身selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的；忘我的20cruelty n残忍；残酷cruel adj.残忍的；残酷的cruelly adv.残忍地；残酷地21generous adj.慷慨的；大方的generously adv.慷慨地；大方地generosity n慷慨；大方22hopeful adj.怀有希

3、望的；有希望的hopeless adj.没有希望的23peaceful adj.和平的；平静的；安宁的peace n和平；平静；和睦24equal adj.相等的；平等的equally adv.平等地；同等地equality n平等；同等25willing adj.乐意的；自愿的unwilling adj.不愿意的will n意志；遗嘱26educate vt.教育；训练educated adj.受过教育的；有教养的education n教育27legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal adj.(反义词)非法的；违法的28devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于devoted

4、 adj.忠实的；深爱的devotion n奉献29unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的fair adj.(反义词)公正的；公平的30active adj.积极的；活跃的activity n活动31violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.暴力的；猛烈的32reward n报酬；奖金 vt.酬劳；奖赏rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有回报的33terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖时期；恐怖活动terrified adj.感到恐惧的；受惊吓的34relative n亲戚；亲属relation n关系；血缘关系；亲属relationship n关系必背经典句式1.The

5、 last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。3H

6、e taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。4.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。必背经典句式5.The reason why I got a job was because of my hard work.我能找到工作的原因是我工作努力。6They were not cleverer than me，but they

7、 did pass their exams.他们不如我聪明但又确实通过了考试。构词记忆illegal /Ilil/ adj.不合法的；非法的；犯法的impatient /ImpeInt/ adj.不耐烦的；焦躁的inability /InbIltI/ nU无能；无力；不能irrelevant /Irelvnt/ adj.无关紧要的；不相关的.词汇与派生A语境填词1The company attaches much importance to the quality(质量)of their products.2He gave the children some chocolate to rewa

8、rd(奖赏)them for behaving well.3The prisoners attempted to escape(逃走) from prison，but in vain.4Another equally(同样地)important function of advertising is to inform.5He became a citizen，thereby gaining the right to vote(选举)6I became worried when I heard that he had been attacked(袭击)by an animal on the wa

9、y home.7Bill Gates is a generous(大方的)person，who has given millions of dollars to help many poor children.8It does serious harm to childrens character that too much violence(暴力) is shown on television.9The teacher encouraged students to take an active(积极的) attitude towards discussions.10She is very m

10、ean(吝啬的) with money.She wouldnt give a cent to help the poor child.B用所给词的适当形式填空11He is willing to major in medicine against his parents will.(will)12The soldier died peacefully for the peace of the world.(peace)13The visitors were terrified at the terrors of the terrorists in Tibet.(terror)14My uncl

11、e believes that all men are born equal.But traveling around the world，he finds that in some countries，what is called equality doesnt really mean equal rights for all people.(equal)15There is no excuse to say that dangerous creatures deserve to be treated cruelly on account of their own cruelty；they

12、are not really cruel，for they tear and kill not from love of unkindness，but because they must do so in order to live.(cruel)16I feel hopeful that the New Hope Primary School will be completed this month，but he feels hopeless.I hope that all school­age children can study at school.(hope)17Miss W

13、hite，a devoted friend of mine，devoted all her energy to her career and her devotion to the children made us vote for her and she was promoted to headmistress.(devote)18He was generous and he treated them with generosity and thoughtfulness.(generously)19A child receives its early education at home.A

14、well educated mother will have a great influence on her childs future.(educate).短语运用A用方框内所给动词短语的适当形式填空escape (doing) sth.，lose heart，turn to，be willing to do，come to power，reward sb.with sth.，set up，be sentenced to，devote.to.，be equal to20Having got involved in a theft，he was sentenced to five years

15、 in prison.21We decided to set up a fund for the Hope Project.22With no one to turn to in such a frightening situation，she felt very helpless.23The greatest test of courage on earth is to bear defeat without losing heart.24Most people think that things have changed for the better since the new gover

16、nment came to power.25He has been devoting his whole life to benefiting mankind.26Any man will be equal to the task，so long as he is careful.27We were lucky to escape being punished.28She started singing to the baby and was rewarded with a smile.29I am willing to work as an unpaid hand for the sport

17、s meeting to be held next week.B用方框内所给短语填空30It is hard for her to support the family because she is out of work.31Its important to learn to take a positive attitude to life when you are in trouble.32As a matter of fact，no language is very easy to learn.Keep up，everything will be OK.33That young woma

18、n went to the prison to see her husband in prison.经典句式34Only when all of us help the people in the earthquake area will they return to their normal life quickly.只有当我们所有人帮助地震灾区的人们时他们才能很快恢复正常的生活。35The first time I interviewed him，he looked a bit nervous.我第一次去采访他时，他看起来有点紧张。36I have reached a point in m

19、y life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.我已经到了应该自己作出决定的人生阶段。37They should have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.他们本应该午饭时到达，但是飞机晚点了。38He does speak English well!他英语说得的确好。1 devote v.献身；致力；专心于；把用于(give most of.to)应试指导过去分词作定语、状语的考查devote.to.把致力于，专心于devoted adj.忠实的be devote

20、d to致力于，献身于；热爱devotion n.奉献；关照You will never gain success unless you are fully devoted to your work.除非你全心全意地去工作，否则你将永远不会获得成功。(湖南，26)Alanna has always shown intense devotion to her children.阿兰娜一直非常钟爱她的孩子们。夯实基础(1)用devote的适当形式填空He is highly thought of because of his devotion to duty.His life is one dev

21、oted to the people.(2)He devoted himself to community activities and was praised by the people around.Devoting himself to community activities，he was praised by the people around.(用现在分词短语作原因状语改写句子)Devoted to community activities，he was praised by the people around. (用过去分词短语作原因状语改写句子)2 position n.姿势；

22、位置，方位；职位；地位；观点；态度；v.安置；安装应试指导作先行词时定语从句关系词的考查in ones position处于某人的位置(状况)in position在适当的位置out of position不在适当的位置take the position that.认为One can find his position in life in his own way.一个人可以用自己的方式找到在生活中的位置。(浙江·阅读D)Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it.让绷带保持原样，直到医生

23、叫你拆掉为止。特别提醒当position后跟定语从句且position在从句中作状语时，引导词应用where。夯实基础语法填空(1)If you were in my position，what would you do then?(2)Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.3 allow v.允许；准许应试指导后跟非谓语动词的考查allow doing sth.允许做某事allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事allow sb.st

24、h.允许某人某事allow for考虑到We dont allow smoking in our home.在我们家里不允许吸烟。He was allowed to leave the country.他获准离开该国。夯实基础语法填空(1)The twins，who had finished their homework，were allowed to play(play) badminton on the playground.(2)We dont allow eating(eat) in the classroom.(3)She has a gift for creating an atm

25、osphere for her students which allows them to communicate(communicate) freely with each other.4 equal adj.相同的，相等的(the same in.)；平等的；相当的；能胜任的(fit；capable)；n.同等的人；相等物；v.与相等，等于(be the same in.)；比得上；抵得过(be as good as.)应试指导equally写作关联词be equal in在方面比得上be equal to sth./doing sth.等于；与相等；胜任on equal terms在对等

26、的条件下without equal/have no equal无与伦比He is a player without equal.他是个无与伦比的运动员。I want to encourage her to do well，but equally I dont want to make her feel pressurized.我想鼓励她好好干，但同时我也不想让她有太大压力。夯实基础(1)语法填空He is equal to Tom in ability.His wife was doing work of equal importance.The two countries had a con

27、versation on equal terms.(2)他能胜任这项工作。(一句多译)He is equal to the job.(equal)He is up to the job.(up)He is fit for the job.(fit)He is qualified to do/for doing the job.(qualified)5 opinion n.意见；见解；信念；看法；主张in ones opinionin the opinion of sb.在某人看来have a good/bad/high/low opinion of sb./sth.对评价好/不好/高/低In

28、my opinion，people need to learn to accept the reality and keep on trying.依我看，人们应该学会接受现实并不断努力。(北京·开放作文)特别提醒(1)英语中“表达意见”通常用express/give/offer ones opinion，而不说make ones opinion。(2)英语习惯上用what询问某人的意见或看法，而不用how。(3)英语中常用according to sb.或in ones opinion来表示“根据某人的意见”。夯实基础在他看来，这是一本好书。(一句多译)(1)In his opini

29、on，this is a good book.(opinion)(2)According to him，this is a good book.(according)(3)As far as he is concerned，this is a good book.(concerned)(4)In his judgment，this is a good book.(judgment)(5)In his (point of) view，this is a good book.(view)6 turn to 转身；求助于；致力于应试指导 turn短语语境词义辨析turn to sb.for help

30、向某人求助turn out结果是；证明是；(为看热闹)蜂拥而至take turns to do./in doing.轮流做in turn依次；轮流；逐个；相应地by turns 轮流地；依次(表现出不同的情感或特质)However，when it is something beyond my competence，I turn to my classmates or teachers for help.但是当事情超出我的能力时，我向同学或老师求助。(安徽·书面表达)夯实基础选择方框内的短语填空(1)The weather was mild and rainy by turns thr

31、oughout the week.(2)You look upset.Whats the matter?I had my proposal turned down again.(3)Thousands of people turned out to watch yesterdays match against Ireland.(4)We are at your service.Dont hesitate to turn to us if you have any further problems.(5)He asked each of us in turn to describe how al

32、cohol had affected our lives.7 lose heart灰心；泄气；丧失信心(lose confidence)lose ones heart to sb.爱上某人lose ones temper发脾气lose ones patience失去耐心lose ones way迷路When I cant get good grades and I am in low spirits，my parents always encourage me never to lose heart.当我没有取得好成绩情绪低落时，父母总是鼓励我不要丧失信心。(广东·读写任务)夯实基础

33、选择方框内的短语填空(1)I found Ive lost my heart to you.(2)My grandfather became fierce when he lost his temper.(3)Weve kept waiting for almost an hour；I lost my patience.(4)When you fail，you should never lose heart.1 He was the first man to land on the moon in July 1969.1969年7月，他成为第一个登上月球的人。(1)动词不定式可以用来修饰人和物

34、，一般置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，即后置定语。(2)当被修饰成分前有序数词或最高级及the only，the very修饰时，常用不定式作定语。(3)to come将来的；to spare剩余的。这两个短语常放在时间名词后面作后置定语。(4)修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，有时可转换为介词短语。He is the only one to survive the accident.他是这次事故中唯一的幸存者。I caught the train with only a few seconds to spare.我在离开车只剩数秒时赶上了火车。夯实基础语法填空(1)The captain is the

35、last to leave(leave) the ship.(2)Would you like something to drink(drink)?(3)Volunteering gives you a chance to change(change) lives，including your own.(4)There are still many problems to be solved(solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.2.only then did we decide to answer violence wi

36、th violence.直到那时，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。“only副词、介词短语、从句”放在句首时，句子用部分倒装形式。Only by saying polite words can you get on well with others.只有说话礼貌你才能和其他人相处得好。(江西·书面表达)特别提醒(1)only从句放在句首时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。(2)only修饰主语时不倒装。夯实基础单句改错(1)Only when had he studied the data again he realized that there was a mistake.Only when

37、he had studied the data again did he realize that there was a mistake.(2)Only can man speak.Only man can speak.3 I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。the first time作连词，引导时间状语从句。类似的还有：the moment，the minute，the second，the instant，the day，the week，the month，the year，each/ev

38、ery/next/any/last time，immediately，instantly，directly等。He paid back the money he owed us immediately he returned home.他一回到家就把欠我们的钱还上了。Every time I see the old man in the park，he is absorbed in reading papers.每次在公园里看到这位老人时，他都在专注地看报。特别提醒for the first time在句中只能作状语，不具有连词功能，不能用来引导状语从句。夯实基础I fell in love

39、with you the moment I saw you.(1)I fell in love with you as soon as I saw you.(用as soon as改写句子)(2)I fell in love with you immediately/directly/instantly I saw you.(用以­ly结尾的连词改写句子)4单元语法用定语从句的引导词完成句子(1)What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?(2)Please leave the book where it was.(

40、3)This is the reason why/for which he cried.(4)July，when/in which we can go home for a rest，is coming soon.(5)I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.高考题组.短文改错(2014·陕西)My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach me about an

41、imals，insects and trees.My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows wa

42、s flying down at us from the skythey were looked like rain！We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!答案My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven.He wanted teach

43、 me about animals，insects and trees.My uncles all along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire， our barbecue.Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles jumped up and shot their arrows the bird. of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows flying down at us f

44、rom the skythey were looked或were looked like rain！We ran to escape fortunately no one was injured.That day I didnt learn much about animals，insects or trees，but I learnt impressive lesson about gravity!.写作常用句翻译1在我看来，溺爱和过多的关心对孩子的发展尤其有害。(in ones opinion)(2013·福建·书面表达)In my opinion，overprotec

45、tion and too much care are extremely bad for childrens development.2我们没有赢得比赛，但我们没有灰心。(lose heart)(2013·湖南·书面表达)We didnt win the match，but we didnt lose heart.3只有这样，我们才能生活在一个舒适美丽的环境中。(only.)(2012·福建·书面表达)Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.4

46、我真的对这个职位感兴趣，希望能为你工作。(position)(2011·辽宁·书面表达)Im really interested in this position and hope I can work for you.5原因是来自父母的压力几乎让他们没有时间从事其他的活动。(allow)(2011·陕西·书面表达)The reason is often that the pressure from their parents allows them almost no time for other activities.6然后我向老师求助，他建议我和其

47、他同学合作。(turn to)(2011·湖北·短文写作)Then I turned to my teacher and he advised me to cooperate with others.7而且，她经常把业余时间用来帮助他人。(devote)(2010·浙江·书面表达)Besides，she often devotes her spare time to helping others.模拟题组.语法填空1Your sister nearly devoted all her spare time to her study during the

48、three years.Thats right，or she wouldnt have taken(not，take) the first place in her school in the College Entrance Examinations.2Please return your seat back to an upright position，which will do good to your health.3He wasnt allowed to stay(stay) up late.4I dont think he is equal to doing(do) this ki

49、nd of work，so I cant hire him.5Whenever we are in trouble，we should never lose heart.6The government has set up a committee to look into this accident.7For the first time in her life Jennie realized that so many people were loving her in the world.8Only by keeping down costs will PowerData hold its

50、advantages over other companies.9Have you sent thank­you notes to the relatives from whom you received gifts?10That is the only way we can imagine to reduce(reduce) the overuse of water in students bathrooms.单句改错1After he heard the bad news，his face took on a worrying expression.worryingworried

51、2Several hours later，with the help of the police，the students managed to escape the dangerous place，hungry and frightened.escaped后加上from3The man was sentenced 10 years imprisonment for robbing the bank.sentenced后加上to4He led the workers in fighting the war.fighting后加上against5As matter of fact，social

52、customs vary in different parts of the world.As后加上a6That football team had won no games and it lost its heart.去掉its7Dont be worried，because there is nothing to worry.worry后加上about8Madame Curie，devoting to science，was a great woman.devotingdevoted9There are many cards for you to choose.choose后加上from1

53、0It worried the public was that Phelps should take drugs.ItWhat.写作句式升级训练As a member of the society，I realize that responsibility is the thing that it needs to make a better and more harmonious society.(素材来源于2014·湖北·短文写作)Being a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is wha

54、t it takes to make a better and more harmonious society.(用being.，aware及what从句改写句子).阅读理解ASitting for more than three hours a day can decrease a persons life expectancy(预期寿命) by two years，even if he or she is physically active and gets rid of dangerous habits like smoking，according to a study.Watching

55、 TV for more than two hours a day can worsen that problem，decreasing life expectancy by another 1.4 years.The analysis comes just two years after Australian researchers found that people who said they watched TV for more than four hours a day were 46% more likely to die of any cause than people who

56、said they spent less than two hours a day watching TV.Those watching TV more than four hours a day were also 80% more likely to die of cardiovascular(心血管的) disease.“Sedentary(久坐的) behavior is something we need to pay attention to，beyond telling people to get 30 minutes of activity a day，” said Peter TKatzmarzyk，one of the lead researchers.But while the evidence of illnesses is increasing，it remains difficult for many people to find time to get on their feet，especially if they do desk jobs.“Try to stand as much as you can，” Dr.Katzmarzyk said.“Typically when youre on the telephone you