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1、名词性从句一、名词性从句的连接词1从属连词that,whether和if(1)that,whether,if在从句中不充当任何成分,只起到连接从句的功能。that没有实际意义,而whether,if意为“是否”。(2)whether与if的用法比较二者均可作“是否”讲,都可以引导名词性从句,引导宾语从句时可以互换。i dont know whether/if hell attend the meeting.在下列情况下,常用whether,不用if。whether引导从句可以放于句首。 whether he comes or not makes no difference.whether可引导

2、表语从句和同位语从句,if不可。 the question is whether it is worth trying.the question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.whether可以作介词宾语,if则不可。 i havent settled the problem of whether ill lend him the money.whether后可以加不定式,if不可。 he didnt know whether to get married or to wait.可以用whether.or引导

3、让步状语从句,意为“无论,不论”,if则不可。whether it rains or snows,i dont care.2连接代词引导名词性从句的连接代词有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。连接代词在句中既起连接作用,同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。3连接副词引导名词性从句的连接副词有:when,where,how,why。连接副词在句中既是连接词,又作状语。二、主语从句1主语从句在复合句中充当主语,大多数主语从句都可以用it作形式主语而把主语从句置于句尾。2that引导主语从句时可用it作形式主语,that不

4、可省;what引导的主语从句表示“的东西”时,一般不用it作形式主语;whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主语。that she will succeed is certain. it is certain that she will succeed.what he needs is more experience.(1)it系动词形容词(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)that从句it is certain that

5、most of the farmers have brought in more money by all means.(2)itbe名词(短语)(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)that从句its no wonder that youve achieved so much success.(3)itbe过去分词(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,well

6、73;known,announced等)that从句it is said that the professor has already succeeded in carrying out the experiment.(4)it特殊动词(seem,appear,happen,matter)that从句it happened to me that i had been away when he called.注意:(1)在“it is necessary,important,strange,naturalthat从句”结构中,从句常用“(should)动词原形”形式。(2)在“itbesugge

7、sted,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,requiredthat从句”结构中,that从句应用“(should)动词原形”。三、宾语从句1动词的宾语从句(1)大多数动词(hope,tell,say等)可以带宾语从句。we all expect that they will win,for members of their team are stronger.i dont think you are right. i dont suppose he cares,does he?(2)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,belie

8、ve等后有宾语补足语时,则需要it作形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置。i think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day.(3)有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词(词组)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等。i hate it when they talk with their mouths full.2一般情况下介词后只能用wh­类连接词引导宾语从句。we are talking about whether we admit student

9、s into our club.注意:(1)where引导的从句有时也可用作介词的宾语。we could see the temple quite clearly from where we lived.(2)that引导的从句作介词的宾语是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介词后偶尔可能用到。your composition is quite good except that the organization is a bit loose.3sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容词后也可带宾语从句。im sure th

10、at they will make it in spite of the terrible weather.四、表语从句1主句的主语是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名词时,表语从句的谓语应用虚拟语气,即“(should)动词原形”的形式。his suggestion is that we (should) change our course.2主语为名词reason时,表语从句中的连接词要用that,而不用why或because。the reason for such a serious accident is that th

11、e driver was too careless and drank too much.3because,as if,as though,as,like等连接词也可引导表语从句。he has heart disease. that is because he has been smoking too much.五、同位语从句同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。1能接同位语从句的名词有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,i

12、nformation,thought等。2同位语从句一般用that引导,但也可以用连接代词(what,which,who)、连接副词(when,where,why,how)或whether引导。i have no idea what has happened to him.3有时同位语从句不紧跟在它所说明的某个名词后,而是被别的词隔开。the story goes that william tell did kill the king with that sword.六、名词性从句的几个难点1that通常不可省略的四种情况:(1)引导主语从句,that置于句首时不可省略。 that he fa

13、iled in the exam made his parents disappointed.(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时,引导第二个和以后几个从句的that不可省略。i wished (that) we could go sighting in hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in shanghai.(3)在由it作形式宾语,that引导的宾语从句中,that也不可省略。he has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the

14、plan.(4)引导表语从句和同位语从句时,that也不可省略。2what与that的区别:what在从句中充当一定成分并且具有特定含义“的人(地方、东西)等”;that只起引导作用,在主语从句中不充当任何成分并且也没有含义。what he said was true. that he came late made the teacher angry.名词性从句强化训练1. go and get your coat. it's _ you left it.a. there b. where c. there were d. where there2. _ the sports meet

15、 will be held depends on the weather.a. when ever b. if c. whether d. that 3. the problem is_ he has enough time.a. if b. whether c./ d. that 4. he made a promise_ he would help me.a. what b. when c. that d. which 5. i remember_ this used to be a quiet village.a. how b. when c. where d. what 6. they

16、 lost their way in the forest and _ made matters worse was that night began to fall.a. that b. this c. what d. which7. he told me the news _ the queen would visit china the next month. a. that b. which c. when d. when8. when the holidays were drawing near, i asked my american friends _ was the best

17、way to travel in the united states. a. that b. what c. such d. that9. he was lucky enough to sell his car for exactly _. a. where he had paid for it b. what he had paid for it c. what he was paid for it d. which he had paid for it10. sometimes we are asked _ we think the likely result of an action w

18、ill be. a. that b. what c. which d. whether11. they have not made any decision on _ they are going to do to deal with the waste and control pollution. a. that b. which c. if d. what12. - do you know him?- yes, but i cant remember _i met him for the first time.a. where b. what c that d. if13. - do yo

19、u know _ mr. blacks address is. - he may live at no. 18 or no. 19 of bridge street. i'm not sure of _. a. what; which b. where; which c. where ; what d. what; where14. this old computer must have been of great use to _ did the scientific research. a. those b. when c. whoever d. whomever15. _ all

20、 the inventions have in common is _they have succeeded. a. what; what b. that; that c. what; that d that; what16. - i rang you at about ten, but there was no reply. - oh, that was probably _ i was seeing the doctor. a. when b. why c. what d. that17. maria has to baby-sit. thats_ she can't come w

21、ith us. a. why b. how c. when d. what18. _ surprised me most was _ they had finished it so quickly. a. what, what b. that, that c. what, that d. that, what19. the reason why she couldnt come to the meeting was_ she had not been invited. a. because b. which c. that d. why20. in some countries, _ is c

22、alled "equality" does not really mean equal rights for all people. a. which b. that c. what d. one21. although he knew little about the work done in the field of physics, he succeeded _other experienced experts failed. a. which b. that c. what d. where22. father made a promise _ i passed t

23、he examination he would buy me a bicycle. a. that b. if c. whether d. that if 23. what i want to know is _ he likes the gift given by us.a. that b. if c. whether d.不填24. he wanted to make sure _. a. how we went there by bus b. where did we go c. what did we go there d. when we went there 25. _ they

24、won the game was _ we had expected. a. that; which b. whether; that c. what; that d. that; what26. i really don't mind much _ they came to visit me or not. a. because b. why c. when d. whether27. the question came up at the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research. a. whether b. that

25、 c. if d. what28. _ we can't get seems better than _ we have. a. what; what b. what; that c. that; that d. that; what29. _ surprised me most was _ he was too late for the important meeting, for he was chairman of it. a. what; why b. that; how c. what; how d. that; why30. although most of them ha

26、ve no doubt _ he will pass the exam, i still think there is something about _ he has really got everything ready. a. whether; that b. that; whether c. that; that d. whether; whether31. _ beat xiao wang black and blue is not known.a. whom b. whoever c. who d. what32. it is generally considered unwise

27、 to give a child_ he or she wants.a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. wherever33. he was never satisfied with or proud of _ he had achieved.a. what b. that c. which d. all which34. can you tell me _ get to the railway station?a. how can i b. what i can c. how i can d. where i can35. we dont know

28、_.a. this is whose dictionary b. whose dictionary is this c. whose dictionary this is d. whose is this dictionary36. the problem is _ we can finish the work within such a short time.a. that b. why c. how d. when37. _ the boy didnt take the medicine made his mother very angry.a. that b. what c. how d

29、. which38. each blind man believed _ he knew just _ the elephant looked like.a. that; what b. what; that c. that; that d. what; what39. it was by the roadside _ the six blind men sat quarrelling about the elephant.a. when b. which c. on which d. that40. they have no idea at all _.a. where he has gone b. where did he go c. which place had he gone d. where has he gone41. do you know _ your parents are pleased _ youve done?a. why; for what b. how; with what c. that; with which d. how; for what42. the reason

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