新课标高中英语选修七Unit4Sharing-grammar精品课件(共51张PPT)

1、SharingUnit 4 1. To learn the kinds of Attributive Clause. 2. To learn the usage of who, whose; whom; which; that; how; when; why 3.Do some practice.Find some sentences in which Attributive Clause is used from reading I. 1. Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about

2、. 2. The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of windows. 3. Sometimes l wonder how relevant chemistry is to these students，most of whom will be going back to their villages after Year 8. 4. But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village wh

3、ich is the home of one of the boys, Tombe. 5.When we arrived at the village, Tombes mother, Kiak, who had been pulling weeds in the garden, started crying “Ieee, leee”.定语从句定语从句 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行先行词词。引导定语从句的关系代词有。引导定语从句的关系代词有：_. 引导英语从句的关系副词有引导英语从句的关系副词

4、有;_ _which, that, who, whom, whose when, how, why。where,注：注：1. 介词提前时一般只用介词提前时一般只用which和和whom。 2. whose+名词名词=the+名词名词+of which/ of whom先行词先行词是物是物先行词先行词是人是人定定语语地点地点状语状语时间时间状语状语原因原因状语状语主主宾宾主主宾宾关系关系代词代词which thatwhowhomwhose关系关系副词副词wherewhenwhy定语从句分类定语从句分类定语从句定语从句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定语从

5、句限制性定语从句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间分，主句和从句之间不用逗号不用逗号隔开隔开非限定性定语从句是对非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整句意思完整.一般一般用逗号用逗号把主句和从句分开把主句和从句分开引导词：引导词：who, whom, whose, which, of which

6、, when, where等，等，不用不用that,不能省不能省略略引导词：引导词：关系代词和关系副关系代词和关系副词，作词，作宾语宾语时一些时一些关系代词关系代词可以省略可以省略注：注：在非正式文体中，在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语关系代词作宾语时，时，用于用于指人指人的的who, whom, that和用于和用于指物指物的的which和和that通常可以省略；但在介词提前通常可以省略；但在介词提前时时,或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即或在非限定性定语从句中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。使作宾语也不可省略。：“whose +名词中心词名词中心词”这一结构在定这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语

7、（如上语从句中既能作主语（如上a句），又能作句），又能作宾语（如上宾语（如上b句）。句）。whose 的先行词常用来的先行词常用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与概念，这时可以与of which 结构互换，词序结构互换，词序是：是：“名词名词+of which”，如：，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes written a book the name of which Ive completely

8、 forgotten. (= whose name)难点难点:as引导限定性定语从句，指代被引导限定性定语从句，指代被 the same, such, as, so 等修饰的名词等修饰的名词比较：比较：Here is so big a stone that no one can lift it.（结果状语从句）（结果状语从句）Dont talk about such things as you dont understand.Were facing the same problems as we did years ago.It is as pleasant a film as I have

9、ever seen.Here is so big a stone as no one can lift.(1) 宜用宜用that引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要用that。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens.2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用等不定代词作先行词时用that。 Everything that we

10、 saw in the factory greatly interested us. 3) 人和物合作先行词时，要用人和物合作先行词时，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school.4) 先行词前有先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时，要用等修饰时，要用that。 It is the very skirt that suits me well.5) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中，要用that

11、。 Whoever that is content with a little progress cant make big achievements.6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.(2)宜用宜用which引导的定语从句引导的定语从句1) 当当定定语从句的介词提前时，要用语从句的介词提前时，要用which。 The house in which they lived last ye

12、ar has been rebuilt.2) 引导非限制性定语从句时，要用引导非限制性定语从句时，要用which。 He bought a railway ticket for the woman, which helped her a lot.(3)宜用as引导的定语从句1) 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you like to buy the same pen as I have?2) 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，

13、而从句位于句首时，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.(4) 宜用宜用who引导的定语从句。引导的定语从句。 当先行词是人称代词或是当先行词是人称代词或是those, anyone等时，常用等时，常用who。 He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状指时间，在

14、从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有：语，它的先行词通常有：time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如：等。如：注：注：when时常可以省略，特别是时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例在某些句型和某些时间状语中。例如：如：2、where指地点，在从句中作地点状语。指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有：它的先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如：等，如：注：注：where有时也可以省略。如：有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (

15、where) we met yesterday.3、why指原因或理由，它的先行词只指原因或理由，它的先行词只有有reason。 注：注：why时常也可以省略。如：时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.使用关系副词应注意下列几点：使用关系副词应注意下列几点：1、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当、这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的于一定的介词介词+which结构：结构：2、当先行词是、当先行词是表时间表时间的的time, day等和等和表表地点地点的的place, house等时，一定要注意分等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，

16、析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用关系词应该用which或或that, 缺少时间状语缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用或地点状语时，才能用when或或where，试，试比较：比较：温馨提示：温馨提示： when和和where既可以引导既可以引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句，也可以引导，也可以引导非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句。而。而why 只只能引导能引导限制性定语从句限制性定语从句。1.Ill never forget the days_ we worked together. 2.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. 3

17、.I went to the place I worked ten years ago. 4.I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. 5.This is the reason _ he was late. 6.This is the reason _ he gave. when /in whichwhichwhere/ in whichwhichwhy/ for whichthat/which几种易混的情况几种易混的情况及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词及物动词 1. 根据先行词来确定根据先行词来确定 This is the pot

18、in which I boiled the milk. (boil milk in the pot) Yesterday we had a meeting, at which we discussed many problems. (discuss problems at the meeting) 1979 was the year in which my son was born. (my son was born in the year) This is the place in which I grew up. (grow up in the place) Thats the reaso

19、n for which he dislikes me. (dislike me for the reason)(介词的确定方法介词的确定方法)介词介词 + which / whom2. 根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定根据从句中的谓语动词或形容词来确定The person to whom I complained is the manager.（complained to the person)The dog, of which he used to be afraid, is her favorite animal now. (be afraid of the dog)3. 根据从句所表达

20、的意思来确定根据从句所表达的意思来确定Water, without which man cant live, is really important.4. 当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介当介词和从句中的动词构成固定词组时，介词不能前置词不能前置The babies whom the nurses are looking after are very healthy.1. 介词介词 + which / whose + n.I often get up at six, at which time it is still very dark in winter.He is the man f

21、rom whose house the pictures were stolen.2. 名词名词 + of + which / whomThis is the lady the son of whom is a famous writer. (= whose son)These people, the majority of whom are farmers, disagreed with the plan. The cake, half of which was eaten, was bought for Lilys birthday.3. 代词代词 + of + which / whom用

22、于非限定性定语从用于非限定性定语从句中表示数量。这些代词包括：句中表示数量。这些代词包括：many, much, some, a few, most, all, both, none, either, neitherThe old man has two sons, both of whom are doctors.There are a lot of books, none of which is mineThe two players, neither of whom reached the final, played well.The money, all of which has be

23、en given to the Hope project, was collected in the performance.The foreigners, most of whom have been to China for the first time, come from different countries.4. 数词数词 + of + which / whomI bought some books from the bookstore, five of which were English novels.In our factory there are 800 workers,

24、40 percent of whom are women.5. 形容词最高级形容词最高级+of + which / whomThere are many islands in China, the largest of which is Taiwan.She has six children, the cleverest of whom is John.几点注意事项几点注意事项1. the way 表示方式时，其后的定表示方式时，其后的定语从句有以下几种情况语从句有以下几种情况Can you tell me the way (that) you solve the problem. Can y

25、ou tell me the way in which you solve the problem.2. 定语从句中的谓语动词定语从句中的谓语动词 要与先行词保持一致要与先行词保持一致He is one of the students who havebeen abroad.He is the only one of the students who has been abroad.3. 先行词是时间时，并非都用先行词是时间时，并非都用when引导的从句来修饰。试比较：引导的从句来修饰。试比较：Do you still remember the days when there was no e

26、lectricity?Do you still remember the days (which / that) we spent together?The place where Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.The place (which / that) I visited last week is in Hong Kong.4. 先行词是地点时，并非都用先行词是地点时，并非都用where引导的从句来修饰。试比较：引导的从句来修饰。试比较：5. 先行词是先行词是the reason时，并非都用时，并非都用 why 引导的从句来修饰。试比较：

27、引导的从句来修饰。试比较：Thats the reason why he was late.Thats the reason (which) he gave me.Complete the sentences with your own words. I made the jar in which _.2. Painting is an activity that _.3. The interpreter to whom you _is on holiday. 4. The man who_is a doctor.5. The woman whose daughter _ is over th

28、ere. almost children like to doa golden fish was putwill turn for helpis shaking hands with him went abroad last year练一练练一练8.The reason why he _ was that he was watching an interview of the first Chinese astronaut on TV.6.The school where you _has been improved.7.Anne is doing some research on the t

29、ime when _.spent your childhood couldnt come to your partythe time for lunch come forAnswer the following questions using attributive clauses with the pronouns in the brackets. Compare your answers with your partner. The first one is done for you. 1. What kind of friend would you like to have (whom)

30、 2. What kind of place would you like to go to for a holiday? (where)Id like to go to Dalian where there is nice beach.Id like to have a friend whom I can trust. 3. What story do you enjoy most? (which/ that) I enjoy Jos story most which / that we have learned in the text. 4. which musical instrumen

31、t would you like to learn to play? (which / that )Id like to learn to play the piano which my father left me. 5. Why didnt you finish your homework? (why) 6. what kind of person is she married to ?(to whom)The reason why I didnt finish my homework was that I was ill. A rich man to whom she is marrie

32、d to will come soon. 7. What sport do you participate in most often? (which/ that) 8. Which day wont you ever forget? (when)I participate in basketball which is very interesting.Ill never forget the day when we moved to a new flat. Correct mistakes: 1. I saw some trees leaves of which were yellow.2. Here is the pen you lost it yesterday.