必修三unit3grammar启用PPT文档资料

1、noun clauses as the object and predicativeunit 3 grammar.2从句的语用功能从句的语用功能 英语复合句一般有三大类：英语复合句一般有三大类：名词性名词性(主语、主语、宾语、表语和同位语宾语、表语和同位语)从句；形容词性从句；形容词性(定语定语)从句；副词性从句；副词性(状语状语)从句。从句。 在复合句中起在复合句中起名词作用名词作用的从句叫的从句叫名词性名词性从句。从句。 .3主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语主语从句、宾语主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句从句、表语从句和同位语从句.4his job

2、 is important.what he does is important.this is his job.this is what he does every day. .5 i dont like his job.i dont like what he does every day.i dont know about the man, mr. white.i dont know about the fact that he is a teacher. .6宾语从句宾语从句noun clauses as noun clauses as the objectthe object 宾语从句在

3、复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词和形容词的宾语。引导宾语从宾语，也可以作介词和形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句词有句词有:连词连词 that，if，whether；连接代词连接代词who，whose，what，which, whom连接副词连接副词when，where，how， why宾语从句宾语从句the object clause(1)that引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当引导宾语从句时无词义，也不充当任何成分任何成分,可被省略。可被省略。 i think (that) women can reach very high achieve

4、ments in many fields of science.一，连词一，连词1. that引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句the object clausea.介词后的介词后的that不能省略。不能省略。 peter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless. (2)一般情况下一般情况下that是可以省略的，但在下列几是可以省略的，但在下列几 种情况下，种情况下，that一般不省略。一般不省略。(4种种)the object clauseb. 并列连词并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，句，and

5、前面的前面的that可省略，可省略，and后面的后面的that不能省略。不能省略。 my uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.the object clausec. 宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不不能省略。能省略。 he told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.d. 在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如在可以接复合宾语的动词之后，如t

6、hink, make, consider等，可以用等，可以用it作形式宾语作形式宾语，而，而把真正的宾语从句后置，在这种情况下把真正的宾语从句后置，在这种情况下that不能省略不能省略 e.g. i thought it strange that he failed to call me我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。the object clause2.由由if/whether引导的宾语从句引导的宾语从句the object clause(1)从属连词从属连词whether/if做做“是否是否”讲时，常用讲时，常用在在ask, care, know等动词后引出带有疑问

7、意义等动词后引出带有疑问意义的宾语从句，的宾语从句，从句保持陈述语序从句保持陈述语序，whether和和if不担当句子成分不担当句子成分,只起连接作用。只起连接作用。i wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered.(2)在下列情况下一般只用在下列情况下一般只用whether,而不而不用用if(多用多用whether少用少用if)1.引导主语从句并放在句首时引导主语从句并放在句首时2.引导表语从句时引导表语从句时3.引导从句做介词宾语时引导从句做介词宾语时4.从句后有从句后有or not时时5.后接动词不定

8、时后接动词不定时6.做做discuss等词的宾语时等词的宾语时whether she comes or not make no difference.the question is whether its worth trying. it all depends on whether they will help us. he doesnt know whether to stay or not.15 3.连词连词that , whether, if的区别；的区别；动词动词doubt用在用在(1)疑问句或否定句疑问句或否定句时，时，其后宾语从句常用其后宾语从句常用that作连接词；作连接词；(

9、2)用在用在肯定句肯定句时，连接词用时，连接词用whether或或if皆可，而不用皆可，而不用that。 do you doubt that he will win? i dont doubt that your proposition（陈述，主张，提案）（陈述，主张，提案） is wrong. he doubts whether/if i know it. 二二. 连接代词和连接副词连接代词和连接副词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词和连接副词how,when,where,why这些连词都这些连词都有词义有词义，除了引导从句外，还在除了引导从句外，还在从句中充当一定

10、从句中充当一定的成分的成分。这种从句有疑问意义，但不是。这种从句有疑问意义，但不是疑问句，不能用疑问语序，而疑问句，不能用疑问语序，而要用陈述要用陈述语序语序。 the object clause the object clause1.do you know who/whom jack was speaking to?2.he asked whose car it was.3.pay attention to what the doctor said.4.please tell me when the earthquake took place.5.will you tell me how i

11、 can keep fit and healthy?在在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式定含义，则不用否定形式,而而将主句谓语将主句谓语动词动词think等变为否定形式等变为否定形式; e.g. i dont think you are right 我想你是不对的。我想你是不对的。宾语从句中的一些注意事项宾语从句中的一些注意事项1，宾语从句中的否定转移，宾语从句中的否定转移（1 1）主句使用现在时，从句可使用任何时态）主句使用现在时，从句可使用任何时态；（2 2）

12、主句使用一般过去时主句使用一般过去时，从句除表示，从句除表示“真真理理”可使用现在时态外，可使用现在时态外，一律使用过去时态一律使用过去时态。i think that you are right.lin tao thought the tv play was very boring. my brother told me that the earth is round.2.2.宾语从句的时态取决于主句的时态宾语从句的时态取决于主句的时态she insisted that they (should) show her their passports.he suggested that we (s

13、hould) have a further discussion about the final decision.3.3.在在suggest, insist, order, demand, request, command等表示等表示“建议，命令，要求，欲建议，命令，要求，欲望望”等词后面的宾语从句使用等词后面的宾语从句使用虚拟语气虚拟语气，(should) +v原形。原形。 4，语序问题，语序问题1. they dont know _ we are going hiking.2. she wanted to know _ her coat would be ready the next d

14、ay.3. i was really surprised at _ i saw.4. do you know _ skirt it is? whenif/whetherwhatwhose在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词，在下列各空白处填上适当的连接词，使句意通顺。使句意通顺。1. i really have no idea _ (我该选择什么我该选择什么主题主题).2. our teacher told us _ (光速比声速快多了光速比声速快多了).3. i didnt tell him _ (我参加了什么项目我参加了什么项目).4. i _ (认为他没有认为他没有 时间和你打高尔夫球时间和你

15、打高尔夫球).5. they are discussing _ (这答案是否正确这答案是否正确). 根据汉语完成句子。根据汉语完成句子。 .24表语从句表语从句noun clauses as noun clauses as the predicativethe predicative that 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。的作用。e.g. the fact is that we h

16、ave lost the match.在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。表语从句表语从句2. whether 引导的表语从句引导的表语从句 连接词连接词whether起连接作用，起连接作用， 意为意为“是否、究竟、到底是否、究竟、到底”（注意：（注意：if不能引不能引导表语从句导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。在句中也不作任何成分。e.g. the question is whether that man will turn up in time.3. what, which, who, whom, whose引引导的表语从句导的表语从句 连接代词连接代词w

17、hat, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中充当主语、表语、定还可在从句中充当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。语，且各有各的词义。the predicative clausee.g. tom is no longer what he used to be. the question is which of us should come first. the problem is who is really fit for the hard job. the important thing is whose name sh

18、ould be put on the top of the list.4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从引导的表语从句句 连接副词连接副词where, when, why, how除除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。本身具有词义。the predicative clausee.g. thats where i cant agree with you. this is why sara was late for the meeting. this is how th

19、ey overcome the difficulties. my strongest memory is when i attended an american wedding.5. 其他连词其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引引导的表语从句导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于引导表语从句通常只用于“this/that/it is because”结构中。结构中。 as if/though引导的表语从句常置于连引导的表语从句常置于连系动词系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的后面，常用

20、虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。动作或状态。the predicative clausee.g. it sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. my anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.高考链接1.-are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季北京春季)a. what makes me feel excitedb. whatever i feel ex

21、cited about c. how i feel about it d. when i feel excited a解析解析： 这是由这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为案为a。2.-i drove to zhuhai for the air show last week. -is that_ you had a few days off? (nmet1999)a.why b.when c.what d.where 解析解析:这是一个由这是一个由wh

22、y引导的表语从句引导的表语从句,表表示原因示原因.这句话的意思是这句话的意思是这就是你离开这就是你离开的原因吗的原因吗?。故答案为。故答案为a。a3.perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季上海春季) a. what b. that c. which d. why 解析解析:what在表语从句中作在表语从句中作takes的宾语的宾语,构构成成it takes sth. to do sth.的句型。答案为的句型。答案为a。a4.when you answer que

23、stions in a job interview, please remember the golden r u l e : a l w a y s g i v e t h e m o n k e y exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季上海春季) a.what b.which c.when d.that 解析解析:这是一个宾语从句这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少后面缺少宾语宾语,always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语是一句谚语,意思是意思是永远永远给予他人他确实想要的东西给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为

24、。故答案为a。areview宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。作介词的宾语。表语从句在复合句中作句子的表表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语。语。1. the best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal. （2014北京）北京）a. where b. when c. how d. why 2. pick yourself up. courage is doing _ youre afraid to do. (2014福建

25、福建)a. that b. what c. how d. whether 3. as john lennon once said, life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans. (2014湖南湖南)a. which b. that c. what d. where 4. what a mess! you are always so lazy! im not to blame, mum. i am _ you have made me. (2014江苏江苏)a. howb. whatc. thatd. who 5.

26、 at first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. (2009北京北京) a. when b. how c. why d. if6. the little girl who got lost decided to remain _ she was and wait for her mother. (2009山东山东) a. where b. what c. how d. who 7. we havent discussed yet _ we are

27、 going to place our new furniture. (2010全国全国i) a. that b. which c. what d. where8. cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. no one in the office knew _ she was so angry. (2010湖南湖南) a. where b. whether c. that d. why 9. i prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on sundays. t

28、hats _ i dont agree. you should have a more active life. (2010江苏江苏) a. where b. how c. when d. what10. one reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants. (2010上海上海) a. that b. how c. what d. why11. weve offered her the job, but i dont know _ shell accept it. (2011山东山东) a. where b. what c. whether d. which12. the villagers have already known _ well do