名词性从句课件(1)

1、名词性从句 名词性从句在功能上相当于名词名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语主语 His job is important.What he does is important.表语表语This is his job.This is what he does every day. 宾语宾语 I dont like his job.I dont like what he does every day.同位语同位语 I dont know about the man, Mr. White.I dont know about the fact that he is a teacher.什么叫名词性从句？

2、在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses) 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在它在复合句中能担任复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同主语、宾语、表语、同位语位语等等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句句、表语从句和和同位语从句。同位语从句。 名词性从句名词性从句 noun clause主语从句主语从句subject clause 宾语从句宾语从句object clause 表语从句表语从句predi

3、cative clause 同位语从句同位语从句appositive clause名词性从句中的名词性从句中的连接词连接词有有: 连词连词: that / whether /if/ as if(though)连接代词连接代词: what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever连接副词连接副词: where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever 陈述语序：主语在前，谓语在后陈述语序：主语在前，谓语在后You are a student.-陈述句陈述句Are you

4、 a student? - 疑问句疑问句I wonder if/whether you are a student. -宾语从句宾语从句Do you know what he is doing?-宾语从句宾语从句总结总结: 名词性从句必须用名词性从句必须用陈述句语序陈述句语序。另外另外, 一般情况下一般情况下, 名词性从句均看作名词性从句均看作单数单数概念。由概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。What we need is more time.What we need are more Engli

5、sh dictionaries. I know him . I know who he is . 主语主语谓语谓语宾语宾语(简单句简单句)主语主语谓语谓语宾宾 语语 从从 句句连词连词 从句主语从句主语 从句谓语从句谓语 主主 句句(复合句复合句)一、Object Clauses 宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：句子结构：主句主句 + +连词连词( (引导词引导词)+ )+ 宾语从句宾语从句1. 连词连词(引导词引导词)1) 当宾语从句是陈述句时当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和包括肯定句和 否定句否定句), 连

6、词由连词由that引导引导, 因为因为that在从句在从句 中不作任何成分中不作任何成分, 也没有任何具体意思也没有任何具体意思, 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略I think (that) he is right. She says (that) she wont take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.宾语从句中的连接词宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况在以下三种情况下不能省略：下不能省略： 当

7、当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作从句与另一名词性从句并列作 宾语时宾语时, 第二个第二个that不能省；不能省； 当当that作介词宾语时作介词宾语时, that不可省掉。不可省掉。 用用it做形式宾语的宾语从句做形式宾语的宾语从句Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. 在于在于在主句为动词

8、在主句为动词be加某些形容词加某些形容词(如如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等等)作表语时作表语时, 后面所跟后面所跟的省略的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。的从句也可算是宾语从句。vIm sorry (that) I dont know .vWere sure (that) our team will win .vIm afraid (that) he wont pass the exam .2) 当宾语从句是一般疑问句时当宾语从句是一般疑问句时, 由连词由连词whether或或if引导引导(口语中常用口语中常用if), 因为因为if/whether翻译成翻译成:“是

9、否是否”, 具有一定的意义具有一定的意义, 所以不能省略所以不能省略Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandmaliked the handbag .Lets see if /whether we can find out someinformation about that city .She asked me if /whether she could borrowthese books .whether与if的辨用表表“是否是否”时时, 在下列情况下用在下列情况下用whether。 a. 主语从句主语从句b. 表语从句表语从句c. 同位语从句同位

10、语从句e. 介词后的宾语从句介词后的宾语从句f. 后接动词不定式后接动词不定式 (whether to do sth.) g. whether or not 连在一起引导宾语连在一起引导宾语 从句时不用从句时不用ifwhether和和if都可以引导宾语从句都可以引导宾语从句 a. 当当whether后紧跟后紧跟or not时时, 不用不用if.e.g. I dont know whether or not I will stay.b. 介词介词后面的宾语从句不能用后面的宾语从句不能用if. e.g. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.whethe

11、r和和if的使用区别的使用区别3) 当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时, 由连接代词由连接代词(what, who, whom, which, whose) 或连接或连接副词副词(when, where, how, why)引导引导, 因为连接因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分, 具有一定的意义具有一定的意义, 所以不可以省略。所以不可以省略。Do you know what he said just now?I dont remember when we arrived.I asked him where I could g

12、et so much money.Please tell me who (whom) we have to see.Do you know what time the plane leaves?带带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Could you tell us how much it costs to fly to Hainan?Could you tell us how often you go abroad for a holiday?Could you tell us how long the meeting will last?I dont know ho

13、w far it is to the cinema.Please tell us how many students there are in your school?Please tell us how soon you will be ready .Can you tell us how old his brother is?2. 时态时态1) 如果主句是现在的时态如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，包括一般现在时， 现在进行时现在进行时, 现在完成时现在完成时)从句的时态可根从句的时态可根 据实际情况而定据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时包括一般现在时,一般过一般过 去时去时,一般将来时一

14、般将来时,现在完成时等现在完成时等)。vI know he lives here.vI know he lived here ten years ago. vI have heard that he will come tomorrow.2) 如果主句是过去的时态如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时包括一般过去时, 过去进行时过去进行时), 那么从句的时态一定要用相那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，包括一般过去时，过去进行时过去进行时, 过去将来时过去将来时, 过去完成时过去完成时)。vI knew who lived here. vI saw

15、she was talking with her mother. vHe asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. vHe said that he had seen it .3) 当从句是客观真理当从句是客观真理, 定义定义, 公理公理, 定理定理 时用一般现在时。时用一般现在时。vThe teacher said that the sun travels around the earth.1. I didnt know what time he _ the letter. (write)2. Could you tell me w

16、ho _ away the book already? (take)3. Ling Feng told me he _ to the Great Wall several times. (be)Exercise wrote has taken had been 3.3.语序语序宾语从句的语序用宾语从句的语序用陈述陈述语序：语序：连接词连接词+ +主语主语+ +谓语谓语+ +其他成分其他成分4. 否定的转移（否定的转移（p68）: 若主语谓语动词为若主语谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等等, 其后的宾语从

17、句若含其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义有否定意义, 一般要把否定词转移到主一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。从句谓语用肯定式。I dont think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句从句, 放在系动词之后放在系动词之后,一般结构是一般结构是“主语主语+系动词系动词+表语从句表语从句”。可以接。可以接表语从句的系动词有表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外等。另外, 常用的还有常用的还有the rea

18、son why is that 和和It is because 等等结构。结构。二、Predicative Clauses 表语从句连接词连接词: that / whether /as if /as though( if 不不 引导表语从句引导表语从句)连接代词连接代词: who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词连接副词: when / where / why / how / because The question is whether we can rely on him.Thats because we were in need of money at

19、 that time .He looked as if he was going to cry .Thats why I was late.注注 意：意： 在表语从句中在表语从句中, 表表“是否是否” 时时, 只能用只能用 “whether” 不能用不能用“if”。 2. 一般情况下，一般情况下，“that”不能省。不能省。 3. It is /was because . It is /was why. 4. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 5. The reason is because /whythat .名词主语名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句引

20、起的表语从句在这种句型中在这种句型中, 常用表示事实常用表示事实, 真理的名词真理的名词, 如如: fact, truth 或表示看法或表示看法, 观点的名词观点的名词, 如如: idea, opinion, belief, view, feeling,suggestion, plan等作主语。等作主语。The fact is that our team has won the game.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.注意注意表语从句的引导词与主语从句和表语从句的引导词与主语

21、从句和宾语从句相同宾语从句相同.但但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句不能引导表语从句. That he will succeed is certain .2) Whether he will go there is not known3) What he said is not true .4) Where he hid the money is to be found out.三、三、Subject Clause 主语从句主语从句5) Whoever comes is welcome.6) Its certain that he wil

22、l succeed.7) How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8)When theyll start the project has not been decided yet.形式主语形式主语考点一考点一: 主语从句后置主语从句后置! 为了避免免主语冗长主语冗长, 句子头重脚轻句子头重脚轻, 经常用经常用it作作形式主语形式主语, 主语从句放在主语从句放在后面作真正的主语后面作真正的主语.That we shall be late is certain.- Its certain that we shall b

23、e late.1. That the earth is round is known to all.- 2. That you missed the chance is a pity.- 由连词由连词 whether 和和 if, 连接代词连接代词 what,who,which和连接副词和连接副词 when,where,why,how 等引导等引导, 也也常常后置常常后置.It is a pity that you missed the chance.Its known to all that the earth is round.It 的用法的用法: (形式主语形式主语)Itpossible

24、/important/necessary/clear that很可能很可能/重要的是重要的是/必要的是必要的是/很清楚很清楚Its said/ reported that.据说据说/据报道据报道Its been announced/declared that.已经通知已经通知/宣布宣布It seems/appears/happens. that显然、明显、显然、明显、 碰巧碰巧.Its no wonder that 并不奇怪并不奇怪/无疑无疑Its a pity/a fact /a common knowledge (众所周知众所周知)/ a common saying (俗话说俗话说)考点二考点二注意注意: 主语从句中主语从句中, 谓语动词一般用单数；谓语动词一般用单数；what引导的主语从句引导的主语从句,